scholarly journals Comprehensive protection of winter wheat from harmful organisms of agrocenosis in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
A. Bakalova ◽  
N. Gritsyuk ◽  
O. Derechа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Substance Treatment ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Goal. To study influence of complex application of fungicidal, insecticidal action on the dynamics of the number of harmful organisms and fusarium root rot on winter wheat crops under the conditions of the Polissya of Ukraine. Method. The research was carried out during 2015—2017 on the experimental field of ZNAEU with. Greater Gorbash Chernyakhivsky area Zhytomyr region. The cultivation of winter wheat was carried out in accordance with the Polissya zone of Ukraine. Sizes of experimental sites 50 m2, repetition — four times. The research was carried out on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition — F1 — N150P60K100, F2 — N210P84K140 of the active substance. Treatment of wheat seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations was carried out one day before sowing. The accounting of damage to wheat plants by the dominant pests was carried out from the IV stage of organogenesis by the method of recording areas using the framework imposed on the plants. The accounting for fusarium root rot was carried out in the phase of full ripeness before harvesting. Samples of plants for analysis were excavated from two adjacent rows of 0.5 m and recorded on a scale: 0 points — the plant did not affect; 1 point — defeat to 30% of the roots and up to 50% of the stem base; 2 points — defeat 30—60% of the roots and more than 50% of the stem base; 3 points — defeat more than 60% of the roots. Results. As a result of research on winter wheat crops, where N150P60K100 of active ingredient (F1) was introduced, the number of cicadas changed from 28 to 92 spe/ m², corn flies decreased by 56 spe/m², corn aphids decreased by 40 spe/ m². its population for the complex processing of seeds Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). The spread of fusarium root decreased by 22—23%, development — by 2.5—2.8% compared with the control variant. At higher levels of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 the grain yield increases from 3.5 to 5.8 t/ha, and the increase in yield was from 0.73 to 2.25 t/ha, which is 0.4 t/ha more than in the background of 1 in option Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). Conclusions. Complex treatment of seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations contributed to a decrease in the number of plant phytophages and a decrease in winter wheat damage by fusarium root rot. The combination of different standards of mineral nutrition and tank mixes for seed drilling improved the characteristics of the structure of the crop. The highest increment of yield was obtained at elevated norms of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 in combination with the use of a mixture of drugs Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t), which was 2.25 t/ ha compared with the control variant.

scholarly journals Biological effectiveness of the range of disinfectants winter wheat seeds used in Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Natalya Anatolyevna Moskaleva ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Dmitrenko ◽  
Natalya Anatolyevna Sasova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with drugs against diseases has firmly entered the system of protection of winter wheat. The use of seed dressing agents minimizes the risk of reducing field germination, ensures good overwintering of the crop, while being one of the most environmentally friendly plant protection methods. The idea of the biological efficiency of the seed disinfectants applied in the conditions of the region will allow not only to purposefully select a disinfectant, but also to prevent the resistance of pathogens causing diseases of seeds. An analysis of the range of fungicidal disinfectants used in the Krasnodar Territory in 2019 showed that the range was based on combined disinfectants based on several active substances with a different mechanism and spectrum of action, as well as that the shares of one-component and four-component drugs in it were - 10%, two-component - 20%. Combined dressers based on three active ingredients were the basis of the range used, the share of such preparations was 60%. Analysis of the data obtained allows to conclude that the modern range of dressing agents used in the farms of the Krasnodar Territory is capable of almost completely restraining the development of the pathogenic complex on winter wheat seeds. The maximum biological efficiency at the level of 100% was shown by the preparations in protection against dust and kernel smut, while it was at the level of 96.5% in protection against fusarium root rot.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the application of insectofungicide prestige for grain crops protection against harmful organisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivanovich Silaev ◽  
Lyudmila Denisovna Grishechkina ◽  
Vera Gennadievna Churikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The Prestige

The effectiveness of the insecticofungicide Prestige, KS, used to protect plants from damage by diseases and damage by pests in the first stages of ontogenesis is shown. Presowing seed treatment with a preparation with a flow rate of 2.5–3.5 l/t reduced the incidence of winter wheat with root rot of rhizoctoniosis etiology by 62.9%. The biological effectiveness of the Prestige, KS (3.5 l / t) on moderately infectious background was also quite high - 59.5%, however, it was 9.0% lower than the standard. It practically did not influence overwintering of plants. After application of Prestige, KS were in the norm of 2.5 and 3.5 l/t, and Maxim Extreme, KS in the norm of 1.75 l/t, the number of plants preserved by spring varied from 91.9 to 92.9%, that is higher than in the control by 3.9–4.9%. The application of insectofungicide Prestige, KS at a rate of 2.5 l/t on spring wheat sowings reduced the number of grain fleas by more than 80.0%and the damage of the stems by the larvae of cereal flies by 74.3%. This preparation  is not phytotoxic with respect to cereals.

The Impact of UV Irradiation of Winter Wheat Seeds on Enzymatic Activity in the Germination Period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Simonova ◽  
M M Ayrapetyan ◽  
A A Eroshenko ◽  
N S Vertiy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Seeds

There have been conducted comprehensive studies of the effect of UV irradiation on enzymatic activity in the germination period of winter wheat seeds under different irradiation regimes. They have identified the maximum increase in amylase activity on the fourth day from the beginning of seed germination in variants with three and five minute UV irradiation and this indicator’s value exceeded that of the control variant on 58.6 % and 64.1%, respectively. Catalase activity was of its maximum value by the fourth day from the beginning of seed germination in variants with three and five minute UV irradiation and exceeded the value of the control variant on 14.7% and 17.7%, respectively. Peroxidase activity was of its maximum on the eighth day from the beginning of seed germination in all experimental variants. In a variant with three minute UV irradiation, peroxidase activity exceeded the control values of this indicator on 50% and in a variant with five minute UV irradiation on 55%. The use of a mercury-quartz lamp BNPO 2-30-001U3.5 to stimulate physio-logical and biochemical processes in germinating seeds made it possible to identify different enzymatic activities depending on the time exposure to UV irradiation.

scholarly journals Stem base diseases of winter wheat grown after forecrops of the family Brassicaceae

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Majchrzak ◽  
Bogusław Chodorowski ◽  
Adam Okorski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
False Flax ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sanitary State

A study into the sanitary state of roots and culm base of winter wheat was carried out in 1999-2002 in the Production and Experimental Station in Bałcyny near Ostróda. Experimental wheat was cultivated after spring cross plants such as spring oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> ssp. <i>oleiferus</i> Metz.), white mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L), chinese mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.), oleiferous radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> var. <i>oleiferus</i> L.), false flax (<i>Camelina sativa</i> L.), crambe (<i>Crambe abbysinica</i> Hoechst.) and after oats (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) as a control. The other experimental factor was the method of after-harvest residue management, i.e. ploughing in the stubble, ploughing in the stubble and straw, ploughing in the stubble and straw with nitrogen added. The occurrence of root rot and stem base diseases was affected by weather conditions and forecrop species. Winter wheat roots were attacked to the lowest degree when spring rape and radish were used as forecrops, and to the highest degree - when grown after oat. The culm base was most intensely infected with fusarium foot rot (<i>Fusarium</i> spp.). The remaining root-rot diseases occurred every year but with different intensity. The method of utilization of after-harvest residues did not have a clear effect on the intensity of infection of the roots and culm base of winter wheat.

The elemental composition of grains of winer wheat for pre-treatment of manganese sulphate

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
E. P. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
Manganese Sulphate ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The research has been aimed at definition of bioavailable forms of selected trace elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Co) in agricultural soils.The analyzed soils were generally characterized by acid or very acid pH. Manganese impact on plant growth and a content of the elements in grain have been studied during pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with solutions of manganese sulphate. The field research was undertaken during 2012-2014. Experimental scheme consisted of the following variants: 1–5 – pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds Artemida by solutions of MnSO4 • 5H2O with corresponding percentage of concentrations: 1.0; 0.5; 0.1; 0.01; 0,001. Processing has been performed a day before sowing. Variant 6 – control, without processing. The soil was sod-brown, hydrolytic acidity – 3,47, exchange acidity – 4,82. Germination of the seeds has been preliminary determined in laboratory conditions. The growth rate, increase of dry weight, has been determined in the tillering stage (3–1 leaves). ICP spectrometry method has been applied to study the elemental compositions of the grain and soil using emission spectrometer ISP-MS Agilent 7700x. Soil samples extracted with ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.8 in soil-solution correlation 1:5. Samples of the grain have been chosen selectively from the plots of each variant in the stage of full grain maturity. The average sample from each repetition has been prepared for the analysis. The samples were milled and ashed in nitric acid using microwave system of sample preparation – Milestone Start D. Fluka Multielement standard solution 5 for ICP has been used for calibration standards. Biological absorption coefficients (Cba) have been identified for establishing of quantitative parameters of transition of micronutrients from the soil into the wheat plants. Cb.a. have been determined by the correlation between the concentration of the element in wheat and its concentration in soil. Comparison has been conducted between two samples: Cba in the variant of optimal 0,01 % concentration of manganese sulphate in pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds and Cb.a in control variant where the natural influence – high availability of mobile forms of microelements in soil under research - has been taken into consideration. The research on determination of bioavailable forms of trace elements in the sod-brown soils has demonstrated very high provision of mobile forms of manganese and copper as well as high provision of zinc and cobalt. It has been explained by the genesis of these soils since soil forming rocks of volcanic origin are saturated with polymetals and mobility and bioavailability depend on the acid reaction of soil solution. Based on manganese research results there was defined a clear dependence of the plant growth on the concentration of manganese sulphate in pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds. The usage of 0, 01–0,001 % manganese sulphate solutions is optimal for winter wheat growth. Treatment with these concentrations stimulates the growth of the plants in comparison to the control variant. Higher concentrations, 0,1–1,0 %, can result with deceleration of growth processes. It has been found out that the content of manganese in wheat depends on the concentration of the element used in pre-sowing treatment of seeds. The general conformity to natural laws of this dependence is due to the fact that as the concentration of manganese in pre-sowing treatment of seeds has decreased, its concentration in seeds has increased, but it has been less than in seeds of the control variant. We should mention that the concentration of manganese in wheat seeds of the control variant has a little exceeded the maximum allowable concentration. There was assumed that in the case of pre-sowing treatment of the seeds with solutions of manganese sulphate of 0,01 and 0,001 % concentrations the manganese can act as a microelement without negative influence on formation of harvest and the content of valuable manganese microelement in grain. During the pre-sowing treatment of the seeds the manganese reveals its antagonism in respect to accumulation of copper and not affecting the content of zinc and cobalt in the grain. Manganese, zinc, and copper can be accumulated in the grain of winter wheat, Cba> 1.The reason is high need of crops, including winter wheat, in these microelements.

scholarly journals MICROBIOCENOSIS OF RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER THE USE OF AGROBACTERIUM RADIOBACTER 204, ACTIVATED WITH NANOCARBOXYLATES OF METALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
S. F. Kozar ◽  
T. A. Evtushenko ◽  
T. O. Usmanova ◽  
Ye. P. Symonenko
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The effectiveness of pre-sowing inoculation of winter wheat seeds with Agrobacterium radiobacter204, pre-activated with nanocarboxylates of metals, and the preparation Avatar (a complex of traceelements - metal nanocarboxylates), applied in combination and separately, was studied. The combinedapplication of bacterization and a complex of trace elements positively affects the microbiocenosis of therhizospheric soil of winter wheat: an increase in the number of ammonifiers (from 43.8% to 77.1%),nitrogen-fixing bacteria (from 2.7 to 3.5 times) was noted, while the number of micromycetes reduced.Pre-sowing bacterization and application of nanocarboxylates of metals contributes to the increase of thepotential nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere soil and increase of wheat yield by 24.4% compared withthe control variant.

scholarly journals Defeat by fusarium root rot in different areas of winter wheat cultivation in 1987—2015

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
I. Bakai ◽  
S. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
The Right

Goal. Determine the relationship between weather conditions, the development of root rot and winter wheat yield in spring and summer; assess the harmfulness of winter wheat diseases, crop losses depending on growing conditions and the effectiveness of seed disinfectants. Methods. Diseases were recorded according to generally accepted methods. Harmfulness of fusarium root rot was determined by the scale of VIZR with the addition of V.F. Peresypkin and V.M. Pidoplichko. Yield losses from disease were calculated from regression equations. The research factors were evaluated by mathematical and statistical methods: moisture supply, level of root rot development, yield by years and their dependence on hydrothermal parameters for the period IV—VI (April — June). Results. It was found that in moderately humid years, on land, in the Right Bank Steppe, with higher rates of SCC (1.31), precipitation (48.9 mm) and disease development (15.7%), but at lower temperatures (14.9°С), the yield of winter wheat was 4.13 t/ha. In dry years, when the air temperature was higher (16.7°С), and all other indicators are much lower (SCC 0.66, precipitation 31.4 mm, the development of root rot 6.1%), the yield was 3.50 t/ ha. On an artificial infectious background in the area of — the Right Bank Steppe with an average development of brown rust of 2.0%, yields of 4.70 t/ha, yield losses amounted to 0.06 t/ha, and in natural conditions, on land, with the development of the disease 7.9%, yields 3.89 t/ha, harmfulness 4.8%, yield losses were 0.19 t/ha. In 1987—1991, with the development of powdery mildew 3.1%, yield 3.9 t/ha, on land yield losses (estimated) amounted to 0.06 t/ha. Conclusions. Based on regression analysis, a close curvilinear relationship between the intensity of root rot, leaf diseases and a decrease in grain weight in the ear was established. The possibility of determining the losses of winter wheat from diseases and the potential effect of agronomic measures aimed at eliminating the harmful effects of diseases is proved.

'Shinano Hope', a Fusarium Root Rot-Resistant Lettuce

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Tsuchiya ◽  
Kiyoshi Yoshida ◽  
Tomita Usui ◽  
Motohisa Tsukada
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot
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