COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MULTIPARAMETRIC ENDORECTAL ULTRASOUND AND ENHANCED IMAGING COLONOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY COLORECTAL CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
E. M. Bogdanova ◽  
Yu. L. Trubacheva ◽  
O. M. Yugai ◽  
S. V. Chernyshov ◽  
E. G. Rybakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Endorectal Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Enhanced Imaging

AIM: to compare multiparametric endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and enhanced imaging colonoscopy in the diagnosis of early colorectal cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 78 patients with epithelial rectal tumor. All the patients underwent multiparametric ERUS and colonoscopy with examination by narrow beam imaging (NBI) at optical magnification. All the patients were operated.RESULTS: a morphological examination removed specimens revealed adenomas in 48 cases, in 19 specimens – adenocarcinomas in situ and T1, and in 11 specimens – adenocarcinomas with invasion of the muscle layer or deeper. When calculating the accuracy indicators of diagnostic methods for groups of patients with adenoma, Tis-T1 adenocarcinoma, and T2-T3 adenocarcinoma, the difference in the sensitivity and specificity of the methods in none of the presented groups did not reach the level of statistical significance (p>0.05).ROC analysis showed that ultrasound has a prognostic value comparable to colonoscopy. The area difference was 0.013 (p=0.85).CONCLUSION: endoscopy and ultrasound have similar value in the diagnosis of malignant transformation of rectal adenomas.

scholarly journals Morden tactic in diagnosis and treatment of early colon cancer (review of literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
A. N. Sidorova ◽  
V. N. Klimenko ◽  
A. M. Sherbakov ◽  
O. B. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Early Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Cancer Review ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Early Colon Cancer ◽  
High Degree

According to the literature review, the use of modern endoscopes with high resolution and a narrow-band imagine function with optical magnification, as well as autofluorescence, chromoscopy, endosonography, makes it possible to establish a diagnosis of early colorectal cancer with a high degree of accuracy. Nowadays, endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection are the methods of choice in the treatment of early (Tis, T1sm1N0M0) colon cancer.    

Clinical Study of Qingpeng Ointment Treatment of Shoulder-Hand Syndrome After Cerebral Hemorrhage During the Rehabilitation Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihuan Pan ◽  
Shanshan Ling ◽  
Haodong Yang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Lechang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference

Background: Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) refers to a syndrome causing sudden edema, shoulder pain and limited hand function. Qingpeng ointment, a kind of Tibetan medicine, can reduce swelling, relieve pain, tonify stagnation and clear the meridians, which is consistent with the pathological mechanism of SHS after stroke. Therefore, if clinical trials can be used to explore the effectiveness of Qingpeng ointment for treatment of poststroke SHS and promote its application in clinical medicine, this is of specific significance for the treatment of poststroke SHS. Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment in the treatment of poststroke SHS. To provide an objective basis for a better therapeutic treatment for poststroke SHS． Method: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted. This study recruited 120 patients with poststroke SHS who met the inclusion criteria. They were randomized into the treatment group and the control group, with 60 patients allocated to each group. The treatment group received routine medical treatment and rehabilitative care after using the Qingpeng ointment, while the patients in the control group received only routine treatment without the ointment. All patients received clinical assessment with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), measurement of the range of motion (ROM) of the upper-limb joints, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-U) and the Modified Barthel Index Score (MBI) before and after the whole treatment. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS scores of both groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There is no statistical significance for the difference between the treatment group and control group in terms of the FMA-U and MBI scores and the forward bend, backward, outstretch, external rotation and pronation angles after treatment. The increases in the values of VAS, FMA-M and MBI in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The increases in the values of the forward bend, outreach and external rotation angles in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment group showed better results than the control group in terms of the relief of pain symptoms, the improvement of motor function and the improvement of the activities of daily living for patients with shoulder-hand syndrome after cerebral hemorrhage. Qingpeng ointment is effective and safe in treating poststroke SHS.

scholarly journals Advances in Plant Disease Detection and Monitoring: From Traditional Assays to In-Field Diagnostics

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Buja ◽  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Anna Grazia Monteduro ◽  
Maria Serena Chiriacò ◽  
Luigi De Bellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Human activities significantly contribute to worldwide spread of phytopathological adversities. Pathogen-related food losses are today responsible for a reduction in quantity and quality of yield and decrease value and financial returns. As a result, “early detection” in combination with “fast, accurate, and cheap” diagnostics have also become the new mantra in plant pathology, especially for emerging diseases or challenging pathogens that spread thanks to asymptomatic individuals with subtle initial symptoms but are then difficult to face. Furthermore, in a globalized market sensitive to epidemics, innovative tools suitable for field-use represent the new frontier with respect to diagnostic laboratories, ensuring that the instruments and techniques used are suitable for the operational contexts. In this framework, portable systems and interconnection with Internet of Things (IoT) play a pivotal role. Here we review innovative diagnostic methods based on nanotechnologies and new perspectives concerning information and communication technology (ICT) in agriculture, resulting in an improvement in agricultural and rural development and in the ability to revolutionize the concept of “preventive actions”, making the difference in fighting against phytopathogens, all over the world.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological features of Egyptian colorectal cancer patients regarding somatic genetic mutations especially in KRAS gene and microsatellite instability status: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neemat M. Kassem ◽  
Gamal Emera ◽  
Hebatallah A. Kassem ◽  
Nashwa Medhat ◽  
Basant Nagdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths which contributes to a significant public health problem worldwide with 1.8 million new cases and almost 861,000 deaths in 2018 according to the World Health Organization. It exhibits 7.4% of all diagnosed cancer cases in the region of the Middle East and North Africa. Molecular changes that happen in CRCs are chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype. The human RAS family (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer appearing in 45% of colon cancers. Determining MSI status across CRCs offers the opportunity to identify patients who are likely to respond to targeted therapies such as anti-PD-1. Therefore, a method to efficiently determine MSI status for every cancer patient is needed. Results KRAS mutations were detected in 31.6% of CRC patients, namely in older patients (p = 0.003). Codons 12 and 13 constituted 5/6 (83.3%) and 1/6 (16.7%) of all KRAS mutations, respectively. We found three mutations G12D, G12C, and G13D which occur as a result of substitution at c.35G>A, c.34G>T, and c.38G>A and have been detected in 4/6 (66.6%), 1/6 (16.7%), and 1/6 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Eleven (57.9%) patients had microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRC. A higher percentage of MSI-H CRC was detected in female patients (p = 0.048). Eight patients had both MSI-H CRC and wild KRAS mutation with no statistical significance was found between MSI status and KRAS mutation in these studied patients. Conclusion In conclusion, considering that KRAS mutations confer resistance to EGFR inhibitors, patients who have CRC with KRAS mutation could receive more tailored management by defining MSI status. MSI-high patients have enhanced responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapies. Thus, the question arises as to whether it is worth investigating this association in the routine clinical setting or not. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to assess the impact of MSI status on Egyptian CRC care.

scholarly journals Busulfan plus melphalan versus melphalan alone conditioning regimen after bortezomib based triplet induction chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062072110129
Author(s):  
Songyi Park ◽  
Dong-Yeop Shin ◽  
Junshik Hong ◽  
Inho Kim ◽  
Youngil Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cell Engraftment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Dose Melphalan

Background: High dose melphalan (HDMEL) is considered the standard conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Recent studies showed superiority of busulfan plus melphalan (BUMEL) compared to HDMEL as a conditioning regimen. We compared the efficacy of HDMEL and BUMEL in newly diagnosed Asian MM patients, who are often underrepresented. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study including MM patients who underwent ASCT after bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) triplet induction chemotherapy between January 2015 and August 2019. Result: In the end, 79 patients in the HDMEL group were compared to 31 patients in the BUMEL group. There were no differences between the two groups with regards to sex, age at ASCT, risk group, and stage. The HDMEL group showed better response to pre-transplant VTD compared to BUMEL, but after ASCT the BUMEL group showed better overall response. In terms of progression-free survival (PFS), although BUMEL showed trends towards better PFS regardless of pre-transplant status and age, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The BUMEL group more often experienced mucositis related to chemotherapy, but there was no difference between the two groups with regards to hospitalization days, cell engraftment, and infection rates. Conclusion: BUMEL conditioning deserves attention as the alternative option to HDMEL for newly diagnosed MM patients, even in the era of triplet induction chemotherapy. Specifically, patients achieving very good partial response (VGPR) or better response with triplet induction chemotherapy might benefit the most from BUMEL conditioning. Tailored conditioning regimen, based on patient’s response to induction chemotherapy and co-morbidities, can lead to better treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals New polyp image classification technique using transfer learning of network-in-network structure in endoscopic images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Jae Kim ◽  
Jang Pyo Bae ◽  
Jun-Won Chung ◽  
Dong Kyun Park ◽  
Kwang Gi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Test Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation

AbstractWhile colorectal cancer is known to occur in the gastrointestinal tract. It is the third most common form of cancer of 27 major types of cancer in South Korea and worldwide. Colorectal polyps are known to increase the potential of developing colorectal cancer. Detected polyps need to be resected to reduce the risk of developing cancer. This research improved the performance of polyp classification through the fine-tuning of Network-in-Network (NIN) after applying a pre-trained model of the ImageNet database. Random shuffling is performed 20 times on 1000 colonoscopy images. Each set of data are divided into 800 images of training data and 200 images of test data. An accuracy evaluation is performed on 200 images of test data in 20 experiments. Three compared methods were constructed from AlexNet by transferring the weights trained by three different state-of-the-art databases. A normal AlexNet based method without transfer learning was also compared. The accuracy of the proposed method was higher in statistical significance than the accuracy of four other state-of-the-art methods, and showed an 18.9% improvement over the normal AlexNet based method. The area under the curve was approximately 0.930 ± 0.020, and the recall rate was 0.929 ± 0.029. An automatic algorithm can assist endoscopists in identifying polyps that are adenomatous by considering a high recall rate and accuracy. This system can enable the timely resection of polyps at an early stage.

scholarly journals Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID): an expert consensus-based statement

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayakumar Jayaraman ◽  
Vineet Dhar ◽  
Kevin J. Donly ◽  
Ekta Priya ◽  
Daniela P. Raggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Reporting Guidelines ◽  
Expert Consensus ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Executive Group

Abstract Background Reporting guidelines for different study designs are currently available to report studies with accuracy and transparency. There is a need to develop supplementary guideline items that are specific to areas within Pediatric Dentistry. This study aims to develop Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID) guidelines using a pre-defined expert consensus-based Delphi process. Methods The development of the RAPID guidelines was based on the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. Following a comprehensive search of the literature, the Executive Group identified ten themes in Pediatric Dentistry and compiled a draft checklist of items under each theme. The themes were categorized as: General, Oral Medicine, Pathology and Radiology, Children with Special Health Care Needs, Sedation and Hospital Dentistry, Behavior Guidance, Dental Caries, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Pulp Therapy, Traumatology, and Interceptive Orthodontics. A RAPID Delphi Group (RDG) was formed comprising of 69 members from 15 countries across six continents. Items were scored using a 9-point rating Likert scale. Items achieving a score of seven and above, marked by at least 70% of RDG members were accepted into the RAPID checklist items. Weighted mean scores were calculated for each item. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and one-way ANOVA was used to calculate the difference in the weighted mean scores between the themes. Results The final RAPID checklist comprised of 128 items that were finalized and approved by the RDG members in the online consensus meeting. The percentage for high scores (scores 7 to 9) ranged from 69.57 to 100% for individual items. The overall weighted mean score of the final items ranged from 7.51 to 8.28 (out of 9) and the difference was statistically significant between the themes (p < 0.05). Conclusions The RAPID statement provides guidance to researchers, authors, reviewers and editors, to ensure that all elements relevant to particular studies are adequately reported.

scholarly journals Cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape, Twisted File and EndoSequence Xpress nickel-titanium rotary files at intracanal temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülşah Uslu ◽  
Taha Özyürek ◽  
Mustafa Gündoğar ◽  
Koray Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Analyze Data

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape, Twisted File (TF) and EndoSequence Xpress (ESX) nickel-titanium rotary files at intracanal temperature (35°C). Methods. Twenty 2Shape TS1 (25/.04), 20 TF (25/.04) and 20 ESX (25/.04) files were tested for cyclic fatigue at intracanal temperature (35°C). All the instruments were rotated in artificial canals which were made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature and a radius curvature of 5 mm until fracture occurred; the time to fracture was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) for each file was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction was performed to statistically analyze data using SPSS 21.0. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. NCF values revealed that the 2Shape had significantly the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by TF and ESX at intracanal temperature (P<0.05). The difference was significant between the TF and ESX groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among the 2Shape, TF and ESX files with respect to the lengths of the fractured file fragments (P>.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of present study, it was concluded that the cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape files at the intracanal temperature is higher than that of TF and ESX files.

Dichotomization, Partial Correlation, and Conditional Independence

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Vargha ◽  
Tamás Rudas ◽  
Harold D. Delaney ◽  
Scott E. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Independence ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

It was recently demonstrated that performing median splits on both of two predictor variables could sometimes result in spurious statistical significance instead of lower power. Not only is the conventional wisdom that dichotomization always lowers power incorrect, but the current article further demonstrates that inflation of apparent effects can also occur in certain cases where only one of two predictor variables is dichotomized. In addition, we show that previously published formulas claiming that correlations are necessarily reduced by bivariate dichotomization are incorrect. While the magnitude of the difference between the correct and incorrect formulas is not great for small or moderate correlations, it is important to correct the misunderstanding of partial correlations that led to the error in the previous derivations. This is done by considering the relationship between partial correlation and conditional independence in the context of dichotomized predictor variables.

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