scholarly journals Development of multistage 10-m shuttle run test for VO2max estimation in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Uniform Distributions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Spatial Limitation

Background and objective: The disadvantage of the traditional 20-m multistage shuttle run test (MST) is that it requires a long space for measurements and does not include various age groups to develop the test. Therefore, we developed a new MST to improve the spatial limitation by reducing the measurement to a 10-m distance and to resolve the bias via uniform distributions of gender and age. Material and methods: Study subjects included 120 healthy adults (60 males and 60 females) aged 20 to 50 years. All subjects performed a graded maximal exercise test (GXT) and a 10-m MST at five-day intervals. We developed a regression model using 70% of the subject's data and performed a cross-validation test using 30% of the data. Results: The male regression model's coefficient of determination (R2) was 58.8%, and the standard error of estimation (SEE) was 4.17 mL/kg/min. The female regression model's R2 was 69.2%, and the SEE was 3.39 mL/kg/min. The 10-m MST showed a high correlation with GXT on the VO2max (males: 0.816; females: 0.821). In the cross-validation test for the developed regression models, the male's SEE was 4.38 mL/kg/min, and the female's SEE was 4.56 mL/kg/min. Conclusion: Thus, the 10-m MST is an accurate and valid method for estimating the VO2max. Therefore, the 10-m MST developed by us can be used when the existing 20-m MST cannot be used due to spatial limitations and can be applied to both men and women in their 20s and 50s.

Cardiovascular Fitness and Body Composition of Youth with and without Mental Retardation

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Daniel A. Yarmer ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Run Test

The purpose of this study was to compare the aerobic fitness and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents (8-18 yr) with and without mild mental retardation (MR). Sample size of participants with MR but without Down syndrome was 169 males and 99 females. Sample size of participants without MR was 289 males and 317 females. Analysis was made by gender and age: children (8-10 yr); early adolescents (11-14 yr); and late adolescents (15-18 yr). The 20-m shuttle run test (20 MST) was used to assess field test performance and predicted aerobic fitness. For all age groups, females and males without MR ran significantly more laps and had a significantly higher predicted aerobic fitness (V̇O2peak: ml $$ kg-1 $$ min-1) than their peers with MR. Additionally, participants with MR tended to have higher BMI than their peers without MR. The results of this study indicate that children and adolescents with MR have lower exercise capacity, lower aerobic fitness, and higher BMIs than their peers without MR.

Cooper and Shuttle Run Test in Young Students: Results and Correlations

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Lovecchio ◽  
Matteo Merati ◽  
Mauro Guasti ◽  
Francesco Casolo ◽  
Luca Eid
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract Young people performance is often used to define the well-being and physical activity level. Several studies were assessed in school environments where more sedentary students were recruitable. As such, over 3800 students were tested with Shuttle Run Test (5m x 10) and Cooper endurance test during Physical Education classes. Shuttle Run Test was assessed according to the instructions given by Eurofit battery while the endurance trial was run in the playing field of each school. All phases of the test were run by teachers who collected data. During growth, males and females followed different trends: females showed the highest peak between 11 and 12 years while males between 13 and 14 years. Between 11 and 14 females increased their weight by about 10 kgs, while males gained 16 kgs. During Shuttle Run Test, the mean time spent performing the trial was 19,27 sec (M) and 20,25 sec (F). In both sexes the 13 and 14 year-old students were quickest while the 12 year-old students were the slowest. Males performed the test between 3200 m and 810 m while females performed 1795 m (on average). Statistical differences were found only between Cooper test and gender in all age groups. Disinclination for active life style is widespread however school education programs could reach all young people and arrange the tendency of students towards sport and well being.

scholarly journals Fitness Level Differences between Students in Kosovo and Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Besnik Morina ◽  
Florian Miftari ◽  
Dana Badau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Geographical, cultural, and socio-economic factors create a different lifestyle. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to identify the differences in anthropometric and fitness characteristics among adolescents living in Montenegro and Kosovo in order to optimize the physical fitness as a consequence of the proactive behavior. Anthropometric characteristics and fitness level measures were assessed by Eurofit testing battery among 600 Kosovar and 600 Montenegrin students, equally distributed by gender. Differences between countries, gender, and age group (13, 14 and 15 years) were assessed with multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. The results showed that Montenegrin students are taller, heavier, and achieve better results in the sit-ups and 20-m endurance shuttle-run tests. Kosovar students achieve better results in the standing broad jump and 10 × 5 m shuttle-run tests. Males achieve significantly better results in all tests, excluding the sit-and-reach test. Statistically significant differences among age groups were found for all variables, regardless gender and country (except for the flamingo and sit-and reach tests). This study is of importance to physical education teachers and curriculum authors to optimize students’ proactive behavior based on the identified anthropometric and physical fitness differences between the two countries, age groups, and genders.

scholarly journals CROSS VALIDATION OF THE 20 M SHUTTLE RUN TEST IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION 1384

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
B. Fernhall ◽  
K. Pitetti ◽  
L. Millar ◽  
T. Hensen ◽  
M. Vukovich
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

Does the Twenty Meter Shuttle-Run Test Elicit Maximal Effort in 11- to 16-Year-Olds?

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Voss ◽  
Gavin Sandercock
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Run Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximal Effort ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aim of this study was to determine if maximal effort, evidenced by peak HR was attained during the 20m shuttle-run test in a naturalistic setting. Shuttle-run test performance and peak HR were measured in 208 volunteers (11–16 years). Peak HR was 196 (95% confidence interval (C.I.) 194–198 bpm). The relationship between test performance and peak HR was assessed by regression. There was a weak, but statistically significant relationship between test performance and peak HR (R2 = .029, p = .029) but with such a low coefficient of determination (less than 5% criterion), poor performances were not associated with low peak HR values or underestimation of maximal performance. Peak HR values (196 bpm) were higher than cited criterion values (185 bpm) for maximal effort in laboratory studies. In a naturalistic setting, the 20m shuttle-run test elicits a maximal effort in most children.

scholarly journals Estimated Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Based on Multistage 10-m Shuttle Run Test in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8510
Author(s):  
Hun-Young Park ◽  
Hoeryoung Jung ◽  
Seunghun Lee ◽  
Jeong-Weon Kim ◽  
Hong-Lae Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Final Speed ◽  
Shuttle Run

We aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on a multistage 10 m shuttle run test (SRT) in healthy adults. For ANN-based VO2max estimation, 118 healthy Korean adults (59 men and 59 women) in their twenties and fifties (38.3 ± 11.8 years, men aged 37.8 ± 12.1 years, and women aged 38.8 ± 11.6 years) participated in this study; data included age, sex, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body composition (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), percent skeletal muscle, and percent body), 10 m SRT parameters (number of round trips and final speed), and VO2max by graded exercise test (GXT) using a treadmill. The best estimation results (R2 = 0.8206, adjusted R2 = 0.7010, root mean square error; RMSE = 3.1301) were obtained in case 3 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, SBP, DBP, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT), while the worst results (R2 = 0.7765, adjusted R2 = 0.7206, RMSE = 3.494) were obtained for case 1 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT). The estimation results of case 2 (using age, sex, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, number of round trips in 10 m SRT, and final speed in 10 m SRT) were lower (R2 = 0.7909, adjusted R2 = 0.7072, RMSE = 3.3798) than those of case 3 and higher than those of case 1. However, all cases showed high performance (R2) in the estimation results. This brief report developed an ANN-based estimation model to predict the VO2max of healthy adults, and the model’s performance was confirmed to be excellent.

Cross Validation of the 20-Meter Shuttle Run Test for Adolescents with Down Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Guerra ◽  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Regression Formula ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Shuttle Run

The purpose of this study was to determine if the regression formula developed for the 20-m shuttle run test (20 MST) for children and adolescents with mild mental retardation (MR), used to predict cardiovascular fitness (V̇O2peak), is valid for adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Twenty-six adolescents (mean age = 15.3 ± 2.7 yr) with DS (15 males, 11 females) completed a maximal treadmill protocol (measured V̇O2peak) and a 20 MST (predicted V̇O2peak). There was a significant difference (p < .01) between the means of the measured (25.5 ± 5.2 ml·kg-1-·min-1) and the predicted (33.5 ± 3.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) V̇O2peak, respectively. In addition, there was a low relationship between measured and predicted values (r = .54). The results of this study indicate that the regression formula developed for children and adolescents with MR to predict V̇O2peak was not valid in this sample of adolescents with DS.

Prediction of Peak Oxygen Uptake From a Maximal Treadmill Test in 12- to 18-Year-Old Active Male Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Tsiaras ◽  
Andreas Zafeiridis ◽  
Konstantina Dipla ◽  
Kostas Patras ◽  
Anastasios Georgoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run

The aims were to develop and validate a VO2peak prediction equation from a treadmill running test in active male adolescents. Eighty-eight athletes (12–18 yrs.) performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill to assess the actual VO2peak and a 20m Shuttle-Run-Test (20mST). A step-wise linear regression analysis was used and the following equation for estimation of VO2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1) = 35.477 + 1.832 × duration in min - 0.010 × duration × body mass in kg was developed. The cross-validation statistics were: R = .54, CE = 0.1 mL·kg−1·min−1, SEE = 2.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 (4.6%), and TE = 2.6 mL·kg−1·min−1 (4.9%). The cross-validation values (CE, SEE, and TE) were lower compared with those of previously published equations in adolescents that estimated VO2peak using anthropometric data, performance in 20mST, and energy cost at submaximal speeds.

Measurement Invariance of Divergent Thinking Across Gender, Age, and School Forms

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽  
Heinz Holling
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The present study explores the factorial structure and the degree of measurement invariance of 12 divergent thinking tests. In a large sample of German students (N = 1328), a three-factor model representing verbal, figural, and numerical divergent thinking was supported. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses revealed that partial strong measurement invariance was tenable across gender and age groups as well as school forms. Latent mean comparisons resulted in significantly higher divergent thinking skills for females and students in schools with higher mean IQ. Older students exhibited higher latent means on the verbal and figural factor, but not on the numerical factor. These results suggest that a domain-specific model of divergent thinking may be assumed, although further research is needed to elucidate the sources that negatively affect measurement invariance.

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