A priori assessment of the intensity of self-selection phenomena in professional groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 775-775
Author(s):  
A. D. Trubetzkov ◽  
M. V. Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Self ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Healthy Worker Effect ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Self Selection

The analysis of the published data and the expert evaluation of the factors affecting the turnover of the personnel in industrial populations and the formation of «healthy worker effect. A computer program has been created on the basis of the studies providing an approximate assessment of the intensity of the self-selection.

scholarly journals Strategies for a Circular Economy in the Construction and Demolition Sector: Identifying the Factors Affecting the Recommendation of Recycled Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4113
Author(s):  
Valeria Superti ◽  
Cynthia Houmani ◽  
Ralph Hansmann ◽  
Ivo Baur ◽  
Claudia R. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Adoption Of Innovation ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
High Level

With increasing urbanisation, new approaches such as the Circular Economy (CE) are needed to reduce resource consumption. In Switzerland, Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste accounts for the largest portion of waste (84%). Beyond limiting the depletion of primary resources, implementing recycling strategies for C&D waste (such as using recycled aggregates to produce recycled concrete (RC)), can also decrease the amount of landfilled C&D waste. The use of RC still faces adoption barriers. In this research, we examined the factors driving the adoption of recycled products for a CE in the C&D sector by focusing on RC for structural applications. We developed a behavioural framework to understand the determinants of architects’ decisions to recommend RC. We collected and analysed survey data from 727 respondents. The analyses focused on architects’ a priori beliefs about RC, behavioural factors affecting their recommendations of RC, and project-specific contextual factors that might play a role in the recommendation of RC. Our results show that the factors that mainly facilitate the recommendation of RC by architects are: a senior position, a high level of RC knowledge and of the Minergie label, beliefs about the reduced environmental impact of RC, as well as favourable prescriptive social norms expressed by clients and other architects. We emphasise the importance of a holistic theoretical framework in approaching decision-making processes related to the adoption of innovation, and the importance of the agency of each involved actor for a transition towards a circular construction sector.

scholarly journals Communities and the individual: Beyond the liberal–communitarian divide

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
Volker Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
The Self ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Self And Identity ◽  
Default Position ◽  
The Individual

Liberalism believes that individuals are endowed a priori with reason or at least agency and it is up to that reason and agency to make choices, commitments and so on. Communitarianism criticizes liberalism’s explicit and deliberate neglect of the self and insists that we attain a self and identity only through the effective recognition of significant others. However, personal autonomy does not seem to be a default position, neither reason nor community is going to provide it inevitably. Therefore, it is so important to go beyond the liberal–communitarian divide. This article is analysing various proposals in this direction, asks about the place of communities and the individual in times of populism and the pandemic and provides a global perspective on the liberal–communitarian debate.

Reference values of trace elements in blood and/or plasma in adults living in Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perrine Hoet ◽  
Chantal Jacquerye ◽  
Gladys Deumer ◽  
Dominique Lison ◽  
Vincent Haufroid
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Reference Distribution ◽  
Belgian Population

AbstractObjectivesTrace elements (TEs) from natural and anthropogenic sources are ubiquitous. Essential or not, their relevance for human health and disease is constantly expanding. Biological monitoring is a widely integrated tool in risk assessment both in occupational and environmental settings. However, the determination of appropriate and accurate reference values in the (specific) population is a prerequisite for a correct interpretation of biomonitoring data. This study aimed at determining the reference distribution for TEs (Al, As, Sb, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, Sn, V, Zn) in the blood and/or plasma of the adult population in Belgium.MethodsBlood and plasma samples were analyzed for 178 males and 202 females, recruited according to an a priori selection procedure, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).ResultsReference values were established with high confidence for AsT, Cd, Cu, HgT, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sn, Se, Tl and Zn. Compared to previously published data in the Belgian population, a decreasing time trend is observed for Zn, Cd and Pb. Globally, the results also indicate that the current exposure levels to TEs in the Belgian population are similar to those from other recent national surveys.ConclusionsThese reference values and limits obtained through validated analytical and statistical methods will be useful for future occupational and/or environmental surveys. They will contribute to decision-making concerning both public health policies but also exposure assessments on an individual scale.

Biodynamic Modeling of a Pedestrian Impact With a Rigid Frontal Guard of a Utility Vehicle

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasoul Moradi ◽  
Chandrashekhar K. Thorbole ◽  
Michael McCoy ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Front Surface ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Facet Surface ◽  
The Impact

Accident data reveals that in most pedestrian accidents, the pedestrian head and lower extremity are vulnerable to serious injuries. The vehicle front geometry profile as well as the impact speed are important factors affecting the pedestrian kinematics and injury potential. In the US, accident data also shows that the fatality rate for pedestrian/light trucks and vans (LTV) impact is greater than that for the pedestrian/passenger-car impact. Addition of a front guard on light trucks and sports utility vehicles to mitigate damage during off-road activity or to provide mounting points for extra lights, makes the pedestrian more vulnerable to the impact. In this paper, a computational technique is utilized to study the influence of the added front guard on the impacted pedestrian. A CAD model of a typical commercial frontal guard is developed and converted into a rigid facet model, and attached to the vehicle front. The validated standing dummy model in the MADYMO code is used to simulate a pedestrian, and the rigid facet-surface model of a pickup truck is used to generate a vehicle front surface. This computational model is validated by comparing the pedestrian kinematics with the published data. This study demonstrates that the pedestrian mid body region is more vulnerable with the addition of guard on the vehicle. The result from this study facilitates a better understanding of a guard design and its geometry profile as required to protect vulnerable road users.

scholarly journals Using areas of known occupancy to identify sources of variation in detection probability of raptors: taking time lowers replication effort for surveys

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Campbell Murn ◽  
Graham J. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Detection Probability ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Time Of Year

Species occurring at low density can be difficult to detect and if not properly accounted for, imperfect detection will lead to inaccurate estimates of occupancy. Understanding sources of variation in detection probability and how they can be managed is a key part of monitoring. We used sightings data of a low-density and elusive raptor (white-headed vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis ) in areas of known occupancy (breeding territories) in a likelihood-based modelling approach to calculate detection probability and the factors affecting it. Because occupancy was known a priori to be 100%, we fixed the model occupancy parameter to 1.0 and focused on identifying sources of variation in detection probability. Using detection histories from 359 territory visits, we assessed nine covariates in 29 candidate models. The model with the highest support indicated that observer speed during a survey, combined with temporal covariates such as time of year and length of time within a territory, had the highest influence on the detection probability. Averaged detection probability was 0.207 (s.e. 0.033) and based on this the mean number of visits required to determine within 95% confidence that white-headed vultures are absent from a breeding area is 13 (95% CI: 9–20). Topographical and habitat covariates contributed little to the best models and had little effect on detection probability. We highlight that low detection probabilities of some species means that emphasizing habitat covariates could lead to spurious results in occupancy models that do not also incorporate temporal components. While variation in detection probability is complex and influenced by effects at both temporal and spatial scales, temporal covariates can and should be controlled as part of robust survey methods. Our results emphasize the importance of accounting for detection probability in occupancy studies, particularly during presence/absence studies for species such as raptors that are widespread and occur at low densities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Related to Self-Medication for COVID-19 Prevention in the Elderly

Salmand ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Narjes Heshmatifar ◽  
◽  
Arezoo Davarinia Motlagh Quchan ◽  
Zohreh Mohammadzadeh Tabrizi ◽  
Leila Moayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis and health outcomes are among the major human social events of the 21st century. The unknown nature of the disease and the fear of contagion have caused emotional reactions, including the self-consumption of drugs in the elderly. Therefore, this study investigated factors affecting the self-consumption of drugs for COVID-19 prevention in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on 342 elderly in Sabzevar City, Iran, in 2020. The research units were selected as clusters from 16 health centers. The necessary data were collected by an online self-medication questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. Results: The Mean±SD age of the study participants was 66.2±5.67 years. The frequency of self-medication to prevent COVID-19 was 190(55.5%); analgesics, vitamins, anti-cold, and antibiotics were the most common drugs used. The major factors associated with self-medication in the COVID-19 pandemic were disease prevention, home quarantine, financial problems, experiencing previous self-medication, and others’ advice. There was a significant relationship between self-medication and education and insurance coverage. No significant relationship was observed between gender, occupation, and marital status, and self-medication. Conclusion: Self-Medication in the COVID-19 epidemic is notable as a crisis threatening the elderly’s health. Controlling and monitoring how the drug is used is among the requirements for protection and health promotion in the elderly.

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