Integrated process of determining the level of energy consumption of workers in the workplace

Author(s):  
T. K. Losik ◽  
I. V. Ivanov ◽  
E. V. Zibarev ◽  
A. V. Konyukhov

The article presents scientifically based methods and techniques for determining the level of energy consumption, which are most appropriate and convenient for practical use in mass physiological and hygienic and experimental studies, depending on their goals and objectives.Determination of the amount of human energy consumption should be carried out by monitoring studies during the shift, followed by the calculation of the weighted average heart rate, considering the different types of work performed, technological breaks and downtime. It is necessary to take into account the full range of environmental factors and the work process that contribute to the physical and thermal stress of working men and women in accordance with their age and body weight.

Author(s):  
D. P. Romodanovsky ◽  
D. V. Goryachev

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARAs) are one of the most promising classes of antihypertensive drugs. They are most widely represented on the Russian market by losartan drugs which total 24 items. Therefore, it is crucial to analyse the factors that may affect the results of comparison of generic and reference losartan drugs.The aim of the study was to perform a retrospective analysis of bioequivalence studies of generic losartan drugs in order to develop approaches to expert evaluation of research protocols and reports.Materials and methods: the retrospective analysis covered the results of 27 bioequivalence studies of losartan and included the calculation of the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC0-t, their intra-individual variability, and the weighted average of intra-individual variability. The calculations were made for the pooled population of men and women, as well as separately for each gender.Results: the data obtained indicate borderline high variability of losartan in bioequivalence studies (for Cmax in 50 % of the studies). It was demonstrated that losartan drugs may have different pharmacokinetics in men and women in terms of Cmax and AUC0-t. The retrospective analysis of the data made it possible to formulate relevant expert approaches to evaluation of protocols and reports of bioequivalence studies of losartan drugs.Conclusions: Bioequivalence of losartan should be evaluated in three- or four-period, double crossover, two-sequence replicate design studies. The study has to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of the starting compound and its active metabolite; the period of determination of analytes should be at least 36 hours; the washout period of 7 days is sufficient; blood sampling should be more frequent during the first hour after administration for losartan and during the first 3–4 hours for the metabolite. When determining the sample size, the weighted average of the coefficient of intra-individual variability of Cmax of losartan (33 %) should be taken into account. The bioequivalence margins for Cmax can be scaled up.


2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
M. V. Aleshkov ◽  
◽  
T. G. Merkushkina ◽  
V. D. Fedyaev ◽  
A. S. Gumirov ◽  
...  

Introduction. The article describes a methodology and a program of experimental studies to determine the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems at low temperatures. The numerical values of the parameters of the cooling strength of the compression foam when feeding through the fire hose 20 m long are determined. The experimental dependences of the parameters of the cooling strength of the compression foam on the multiplicity and mass flow are obtained. Goals and objectives. A program and methodology for experimental studies to determine the parameters of the intensity of cooling of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems has been developed. To carry out experimental studies, the following tasks were set: - development of a measuring complex for determining the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems at negative temperatures; - determination of the physical model of the movement of the compression foam when feeding through the fire hoses; - development of a program and methodology for experimental research to determine the mass flow rate of compression foam. Methods. Methods of mathematical analysis of statistical data obtained during experimental data were used to determine the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through the pumping and hose systems. Results and its discussion. The numerical value of the cooling of the compression foam when feeding through the pumping-hose systems at low temperatures was obtained experimentally, depending on the multiplicity along the length of the hose line. Conclusions. 1. A program and methodology for conducting experimental studies to determine the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through pumping and hose systems at low temperatures has been developed. 2. As a result of the experimental studies, data were obtained on the rates and parameters of the cooling strength of the compression foam when feeding through fire hoses in winter at various negative temperatures. To measure the parameters of the cooling strength of compression foam when feeding through fire hoses at negative ambient temperatures, a measuring complex was developed and assembled. 3. The data obtained will make it possible to evaluate the parameters of the compression strength of foam cooling when feeding through the pumping and hose systems at low temperatures. Keywords: intensity of cooling, compression foam, foam-air mixture, pumping-hose system, foam generating unit, a unit for generating and supplying compression foam, low temperatures


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bontempi ◽  
Laurence Jacquot ◽  
Gérard Brand

Odor hedonic evaluation (pleasant/unpleasant) is considered as the first and one of the most prominent dimension in odor perception. While sex differences in human olfaction have been extensively explored, gender effect in hedonic perception appears to be less considered. However, a number of studies have included comparisons between men and women, using different types of measurements (psychophysical, psychophysiological,…). This overview presents experimental works with non-specific and body odors separately presented as well as experimental studies comparing healthy participants vs patients with psychiatric disorders. Contrary to sensitivity, identification or discrimination, the overall literature tends to prove that no so clear differences occur in odor hedonic judgment between men and women. On the whole, gender effect appears more marked for body than non-specific odors and is almost never reported in psychiatric diseases. These findings are discussed in relation to the processes classically implied in pleasantness rating and emotional processes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
M. ZALYUBOVSKYI ◽  
◽  
I. PANASYUK ◽  

Among the different types of shredding equipment, which is widely used in various industries of Ukraine, the most promising are machines with complex spatial movement of working tanks. Experimental studies of the movement of the bulk array in the middle of the working tank with transparent walls were performed. The positions of the moving links and the working capacity are set, at which the whole bulk array by its mass will create the greatest value of the static moment of resistance on the driving shaft of the machine. Analytical studies of the static moment of resistance formed on the drive shaft of the machine with complex spatial motion of the working tank as a result of the influence of gravity acting on the bulk array loaded into the tank, the corresponding mathematical dependences are obtained. The obtained research results will be useful in further determining the dynamic moment of resistance on the drive shaft, which will be created by moving the moving parts of the machine and the bulk array in the middle of the tank. Also, the results of research can be used by relevant machine-building enterprises at the stage of designing galvanizing types of equipment with tanks that perform complex spatial movement.


2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad J. Sagarin ◽  
Katharine E. Seidelman ◽  
Leah Peryer ◽  
Jeremy Heider ◽  
Sherman B. Serna

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.


Author(s):  
Б.И. Гельцер ◽  
Э.В. Слабенко ◽  
Ю.В. Заяц ◽  
В.Н. Котельников

Одним из основных требований к разработке экспериментальных моделей цереброваскулярных заболеваний является их максимальная приближенность к реальной клинической практике. В работе систематизированы данные по основным методам моделирования острой ишемии головного мозга (ОИГМ), представлена их классификация, анализируются данные о преимуществах и недостатках той или иной модели. Обсуждаются результаты экспериментальных исследований по изучению патогенеза ОИГМ с использованием различных моделей (полной и неполной глобальной, локальной и мультифокальной ишемии) и способов их реализации (перевязка артерий, клипирование, коагуляция, эмболизация и др.). Особое внимание уделяется «стабильности» последствий острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения: необратимых ишемических повреждений головного мозга или обратимых с реперфузией заданной продолжительности. Отмечается, что важное значение в этих исследованиях должно принадлежать современным методам прижизненной визуализации очагов острого ишемического повреждения, что позволяет оценивать динамику патологического процесса. Предлагаемый метод отвечает требованиям гуманного обращения с животными. Подчеркивается, что выбор релевантной модели ОИГМ определяется задачами предстоящего исследования и технологическими ресурсами научной лаборатории. Development of experimental models for acute forms of cerebrovascular diseases is essential for implementation of methods for their prevention and treatment. One of the principal requirements to such models is their maximum approximation to actual clinical practice. This review systematized major models of acute cerebral ischemia (ACI), their classification, and presented information about their advantages and shortcomings. Also, the review presented results of experimental studies on pathophysiological mechanisms of different types of modeled ACI (complete and incomplete global, local, and multifocal ischemia) and methods for creating these models (arterial ligation, clipping, coagulation, embolization, etc.). Particular attention was paid to “stability” of the consequences of acutely impaired cerebral circulation - an irreversible ischemic brain injury or a reversible injury with reperfusion of a given duration. The authors emphasized that in such studies, a special significance should be given to intravital imaging of acute ischemic damage foci using modern methods, which allow assessing the dynamics of the pathological process and meet the requirements to humane treatment of animals. The choice of a relevant ACI model is determined by objectives of the planned study and the technological resources available at the research laboratory.


2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.


2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG


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