Clinical and experimental studies of the effect of chronic fluoride intoxication on the hormonal status of the body and morphological changes in the thyroid gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Tatyana K. Yadykina ◽  
Maria S. Bugaeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Kochergina ◽  
Nadezhda N. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Fluoride Intoxication

Introduction. The systemic violation of the body's homeostasis under the conditions of the negative impact of production factors scientists determine by the mismatch of neurohumoral mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes. There are endocrinopathies. They occur with disorganization of the metabolism and violation of the thyroid gland's functional activity with disorganization of the metabolism, infringement of the thyroid gland's available action. The study aimed to learn the nature of endocrine dysfunction, histological changes of the thyroid gland associated with the dynamics of chronic fluoride intoxication of the body. Materials and methods. We analyzed the state of bone tissue and assessed the degree of articular syndrome during the large-scale structural reconstruction of the skeleton in aluminum production workers. The scientists examined the workers using double photon densitometry. The researchers studied the metabolic parameters based on a range of biochemical and instrumental methods. The experiment involved sexually mature male white laboratory rats with a bodyweight of up to 300 grams. We analyzed hormonal status disorders with an assessment of the degree of morphological changes in the thyroid gland. Results. The researchers analyzed the severity of disorders of individual endocrine mechanisms of homeostasis regulation and thyroid morph structure in hyperfluorosis. We treat fluorosis as a polyfunctional pathology. A high proportion of endocrinopathies is a clinical syndrome. It increases the pathological course of chronic fluoride intoxication in workers. We confirm the study with experimental data on metabolic disorders with a persistent toxic effect. We revealed hyperfunction of the thyroid gland against the background of a decrease in glucocorticoid activity, stable electrolyte, and mineral shifts. The researchers conducted an experiment on the late stages of fluoride intoxication. Conclusions. Clinical studies of individuals with chronic fluoride intoxication and concomitant endocrinopathy revealed a significant increase in the number of workers with abdominal obesity, musculoskeletal disorders, mineral metabolism disorders. Also, with deforming osteoarthritis of the joints, osteoalgia against the background of thyroid insufficiency. Experimental data confirm this. The fluorine accumulation in the body causes multidirectional disorders of the hormonal mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes, alternation of hypo- and hyperfunction changes in the thyroid gland associated with fluoride duration intoxication.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF HORMONAL STATUS OF THE BODY IN WHITE RATS UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO SODIUM FLUORIDE

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Bagmut ◽  
I.L. Kolisnyk ◽  
S.I. Kryzhna ◽  
A.V. Titkova ◽  
L.Yu. Svyrydenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Fluoride Intoxication

We calculated studied the state of the hormonal status in experimental animals under the influence of sodium fluoride in 45 adult rats (males and females) of the Wistar population, which were orally administered a solution of sodium fluoride at a rate of 20 mg / kg of weight daily in the morning on an empty stomach, under the model conditions of intoxication. The duration of the subacute experiment was 1.5 months, after which the animals were euthanized by decapitation. Comprehensive assessment of the hormonal status in white rats was carried out by radioisotope methods in the serum. The results showed reduced levels of folliculotropin and progesterone, increased levels of thyroxine, adrenocorticotropin, glucagon, triiodothyronine, thyrotropin and calcitonin, while insulin, somatostatin and serum glucose levels decreased. There was no change in the dynamics of the content of sex hormones - luteotropin, prolactin, testosterone compared with the control (P> 0.05). Furthermore, in the blood serum of rats, there was an increase in the levels of prostaglandin PGE2, prostacyclin (6 keto-PGF1a), leukotriene B4 and a decrease in the concentrations of prostaglandins PGE1, PGF2a and leukotriene C4. At all levels of the study of the endocrine system, deep shifts in the functional activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-cortical substance of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and sympatho-adrenal structures have been identified. Analysis of the detected changes in the hormonal status allows judging the nonspecific reaction of the body to fluoride intoxication and reflects the state of the protective-adaptive mechanisms, in which the hypothalamus, the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands play a large role. Changes in the dynamics of concentrations of hormones and histohormones reflected a significant stress of the protective-adaptive mechanisms, which, in terms of structural and functional units, led to disruption of metabolic processes, including those associated with the development of fluoride intoxication. Disruption of the balance of hormones and functioning of the endocrine organs and systems entails profound changes in the metabolic processes and the immunobiological reactivity of the organism, weakening the action of the protective-adaptive mechanisms in maintaining the homeostatic function.

scholarly journals Features of morphological changes in the thyroid gland of white male rats 1 day after thermal trauma of the skin on the background of the introduction of 0.9 % NaCl solution

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
O. I. Tiron
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
White Male ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Thermal Trauma

Despite the fact that the main pathogenetic factor in the development of burn disease is the alteration of the skin, the severity of the condition of patients in the acute period of the disease is due to systemic changes in the body caused by thermal factor. Being a powerful stress factor, severe burns are accompanied by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Although thyroid hormones are not considered typical "stress hormones", they also play a role in maintaining vasomotor function under stress. The question of thyroid dysfunction on the background of burn injury remains debatable, and scientific data on its morphological and ultramicroscopic changes are quite limited. The aim of the work is to establish microscopic and submicroscopic changes of the thyroid gland of experimental animals in the stage of shock after thermal trauma of the skin. Experimental studies were performed on 12 white adult male rats, which received a thermal burn of the skin of 2-3 degrees with a lesion area of 21-23 % of the skin. An infusion of 0.9 % NaCl solution at a dose of 10 ml/kg was performed into the inferior vena cava. Collection of material for histological and electron microscopic examinations was performed according to generally accepted methods. Histological specimens were examined using a MIKROmed SEO SCAN light microscope and photo-documented using a Vision CCD Camera with an image output system from histological specimens. Ultrathin sections made on an ultramicrotome UMPT-7 were contrasted with uranyl acetate, lead citrate according to the Reynolds method and studied under an electron microscope PEM-125K. Conducted micro- and submicroscopic studies of the structural components of the thyroid gland a day after the reproduction of thermal trauma to the skin on the background of the introduction of 0.9 % NaCl solution revealed reactive adjunctive-compensatory changes and initial manifestations of destruction. Vascular, stromal and parenchymal components of the organ in the stage of shock after burns correspond to the state of "stress" as a reaction to pathological exogenous exposure, and the intensification of metabolic processes in the affected organism of experimental animals.

No effect of lipoic acid on catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Makhova ◽  
Evgeniya V. Shikh ◽  
Tatiana V. Bulko ◽  
Andrei A. Gilep ◽  
Sergei A. Usanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cytochrome P450 3A4 ◽  
Complex Therapy

AbstractObjectivesα-Lipoic acid is used as an antioxidant in multivitamin formulations to restore the normal level of intracellular glutathione after depletion caused by environmental pollutants or during physiological aging of the body, as a chelating agent, as a dietary supplement, in anti-aging compositions. Lipoic acid (LA) acts as a buffer in cancer therapy and in therapy of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The effect of LA on the catalytic functions of cytochrome P450 3A4 as the main enzyme of the biotransformation of drugs was studied. It was shown that LA in the concentration range of 50–200 μM affects the stage of electron transfer (stage of cytochrome P450 3A4 heme reduction), decreasing the cathodic reduction current by an average of 20 ± 5%. The kinetic parameters (kcat) of the N-demethylation reaction of erythromycin, the antibiotic of the macrolide group, used as a marker substrate for the comparative analysis of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, both in the presence of α-lipoic acid and in the cytochrome P450 3A4-erythromycin complex, amounted to comparable values of 3.5 ± 0.9 and 3.4 ± 0.9 min−1, respectively. Based on these experimental data, we can conclude that there is no significant effect of α-lipoic acid on the catalysis of cytochrome P450 3A4. These results can be projected on the possibility of using α-lipoic acid in complex therapy without negative impact on the enzymatic cytochrome P450 system.MethodsThe analysis was performed in electrochemical non-invasive model systems for recording the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, using screen-printed electrodes, modified with membranous didodecyldimethylammonium bromide.ResultsIt was shown that LA did not affect the N-demethylation of macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. Catalytic constant (kcat) of N-demethylation of erythromycin corresponds to 3.4 ± 0.9 min−1 and in the presence of LA corresponds to 3.5 ± 0.9 min−1.ConclusionsBased on the obtained experimental data, we can conclude that there is no significant effect of α-lipoic acid on individual stages and processes of catalysis of cytochrome P450 3A4. LA can be recommended for inclusion in complex therapy as an antioxidant, antitoxic and chelating compound without negative impact on the enzymatic cytochrome P450 3A4 activity of the human body.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ALIMENTARY DEPRIVATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RAT'S THYROID GLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(49)) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
R. V. Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Despite the well-studied effect of alimentary deprivation on the body, the literature data on its effect on functional activity and, in particular, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are single and often contradictory, which does not allow unambiguous conclusions. All this requires a more detailed study of the role and mechanisms of the impact of restricted nutrition on the thyroid gland. Aim: To investigate the effect of alimentary deprivation on morphological changes in the thyroid gland of young rats. Methods: The study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats aged 3 months. Rats of all groups were in uniform conditions, on a standard diet. Animals of the experimental group, for 28 days, received a diet reduced by 30 %. Work with rats was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Histological preparations were made from the central areas of the thyroid tissue according to the standard method. Using a digital camera, the micropreparations were photographed under a Nikon Eclipse E 100 microscope (Japan). Morphometry was performed using a computer program "Image J". Results: Histological analysis of the rat's thyroid gland affected by alimentary deprivation revealed that it had an unchanged physiological structure. The follicles were mostly of oval shape and of various sizes. Colloid in the follicles of experimental animals is of moderate density and contains numerous resorption vacuoles. Thyroid cells are of prismatic and cubic shape. It was found that in the thyroid gland of experimental rats the area of ​​follicles, colloid, their inner diameter decreases, the height of thyrocytes increases, the stereological resorption index increases and the colloid accumulation index decreases, the number of interfollicular islands increases. Also in experimental animals there was a decrease in the width of the interlobar and interfollicular connective tissue. Conclusion: In rats fed on a reduced diet, morphological signs of increased functional activity of the thyroid gland were found.

scholarly journals Features of the expression of Fox-1 in rat’s thyroid after prenatal dexamethasone action

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
O. Fedosieieva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the work was to establish the features of Fox-1 expression and distribution in the parenchyma of the thyroid gland of rats in the postnatal period of ontogeny in the norm and after intrauterine action of dexamethasone.Material and methods: thyroid gland of rats (162 animals) of the Wistar line at the age from 1 to 14 days of postnatal development. Experimentally, the animals were injected intrauterinely with a solution of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.05 ml at a dilution of 1:40 on the 18th day of the dated pregnancy. The material was examined using a set of methods of morphological studies (production of histological serial sections, survey microscopy, morphometry, immunohistochemistry and statistical processing).Results of the research. In the thyroid glands of neonatal prenatal dexamethasone, the parenchyma was well developed and consisted of hollow colloid-type follicles and single colloid-type microfollicles, and a bright cytoplasmic reaction with Fox-1 antibodies was observed throughout the organ parenchyma. In the thyroid glands of animals of the 3rd day of life, morphological changes occurred in all groups of the experiment. In animals of the experimental group, hollow follicles of colloidal type of small, medium and large diameter were chaotically visualized throughout the body, and large follicles of irregular shape with immunohistochemical weak or negative reaction with Fox-1 antibodies in thyrocytes and lumen without colloidal evidence, which detected a decrease in the specific synthetic activity in these thyrocytes. On day 7 in the experimental group in the flattened thyrocytes of overstretched follicles, the expression of Fox-1 was present only in the apical part. On days 11-14 of postnatal development in the thyroid glands of rats experimentally prenatally exposed to dexamethasone in the wall of large follicles with flattened epithelium began extrafollicular proliferation of thyrocytes on the background of visualization in the lumen of these follicles desquamated cells. Intensive perinuclear and cytoplasmic Fox-1 positive reaction was present in extrafollicular proliferating thyrocytes.Conclusions. 1. The detected changes in the first day of life in the thyroid gland of rats indicated that prenatal administration of dexamethasone affects the intensification of differentiation not only structural and functional units - follicles, but also a specific synthetic intracellular apparatus of thyrocytes, judging by the intensification of Fox-1. Thus, immature pre-mRNA is converted into mature mRNA, from which thyroid proteins, in particular thyroglobulin, are translated. By the time of birth, this process in the experimental group reaches a significant development, covering the entire parenchyma of the gland. 2. In rats prenatally receiving dexamethasone, the period of lactation was characterized by intense structural changes in the thyroid gland, in particular intracellularly in thyrocytes of monolayer flattened epithelium, the expression of Fox-1 antibodies was sharply reduced, which was then replaced by a bright cytoplasmic reaction in proliferative clusters and follicles of colloidal type of secretion, which is an adaptive-compensatory mechanism of intracellular enhancement of proliferation of synthesizing organelles in response to the restructuring of a significant number of existing follicles by hypofunctional type, aimed at maintaining normal levels of thyroid function.

scholarly journals Guidelines for patients with thyroid diseases (A lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
G. A. Gherasimov ◽  
T. O. Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
The Past

We continue to discuss problems regarding patients with thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism is a disease that develops due to a decrease in the function of the thyroid gland, which cannot produce the amount of hormones necessary for the body. If little hormone enters the bloodstream, the saturation of the body with thyroid hormones is significantly reduced and, accordingly, all metabolic processes slow down. Screening for newborns for hypothyroidism means that every newborn is screened for his disease. In the past, treatment of newborns with hypothyroidism only began a few months after birth. Many of these children later had problems with studying at school or they were a little awkward, which could have been prevented if treatment had been started at an earlier time. Unfortunately, in our country there is no such system for screening newborns with all the ensuing consequences.To screen hypothyroidism in all newborns, a drop of blood is taken on filter paper. Subsequently, the level of TSH is determined in this blood sample. If it is elevated (and this is the main laboratory symptom of hypothyroidism), then the children are examined again more carefully, and with the confirmation of the diagnosis, they are prescribed treatment with thyroxine.

EFFECT OF INTERVAL FASTING ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE RAT THYROID GLAND OF DIFFERENT AGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
R.V. Yanko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Levashov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

Despite of the well-studied effect of interval fasting on the body, literature data on its infl uence on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are sporadic. The research results are often contradictory, which may be due to differences in experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in the rat’s thyroid gland of different ages, which were on interval fasting. The experiments were performed on 48 male Wistar rats aged 4 and 16 months. The experimental rats underwent interval fasting (1 day complete fasting / 2 days standard diet). Duration of experiment was 28 days. Thyroid tissue preparations were made according to standard histological methods. The morphometry was performed on digital images using a computer program Image J. It was found that the colloid area, the interior diameter of the follicles and colloid accumulation index were decreased in 4 and 16 month-old rats after interval fasting. The relative connective tissue area was also decreased in 16-month- old rats. But the follicular epithelium height, the follicular-colloidal index and the number of interfollicular islets were increased. The morphological changes of the thyroid gland tissue in 16-month-old experimental rats were manifested to a greater extent than in young animals. Thus, after exposure to interval fasting, morphological signs of activation of the thyroid gland synthetic activity in rats of different ages were observed. Key words: interval fasting, thyroid gland, morphometric indicators.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED APPROACH TO RESEARCH OF INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OF CONTEMPORARY COMMUNICATION DEVICES ON THE HUMAN BODY

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-622
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Yashchenko ◽  
S. E. Shibanov ◽  
S. Yu. Rybalko ◽  
O. A. Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Experimental Animals

To date, the greatest «contribution» to the electromagnetic load experienced by young people is made by modern means of communication, namely mobile phones (MPhs) and personal computers (PCs). Electromagnetic radiation generated by a PC can cause the development of functional disorders and pathological conditions. The possibility of formation of antibodies in the body under the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the PC is established. The prevalence rate of gestosis and the risk of spontaneous miscarriages are high. At the same time, the exposure dose of 20 hours per week is considered critical. Experimental studies of EMF in the operation of laptops revealed EMF of the microwave range in 25% of cases. A separate problem is the use of mobile communications. In studies conducted on adult volunteers-MPh users, changes in the electroencephalogram were found. Experimental studies in experimental animals have shown that the effect of EMF of MPhs on experimental animals in the embryonic period influences the development of the fetus in the uterus and the subsequent formation of the organism. In adult animals, the reproductive function is impaired: the number of spermatozoa decreases, morphological changes in the testicles appear. In real conditions, EMF from various sources operates on the population. But, as a rule, we consider the danger from one or two sources. The interference of the dangers of these sources is not established taking into account the age and specificity of the subject’s work. At present, the investigation of the complex effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic factors of the external environment on the human body is topical.

Clinical, morphological and biochemical signs of polymycotoxicosis in highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Irina A. Shkuratova ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila I. Drozdova ◽  
Aleksander I. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Mycotoxicological monitoring of forages shows that the problem of mycotoxicosis has been relevant for several decades. Minimal doses of mycotoxins in feed lead to a decrease in milk productivity, increased sensitivity to infectious and non-infectious diseases. When several mycotoxins enter the body simultaneously, a synergistic effect develops, causing a significant increase in toxicity. Feed contaminated with several types of fungi and their toxins is dangerous for dairy cattle. It was found that the feed mixture contained the types of associations of Aspergillus spp. fungi + Fusarium; Aspergillus spp. + Penicillium spp. + Mucor spp; Fusarium + Penicillium; Mucor spp. + Fusarium + Ustilaginales. Pathogenetic features of metabolic and morphological changes in highly productive cows with polymycotoxicosis were studied. Feeding food contaminated with various metabolites of mold fungi leads to the development of signs of chronic toxemia in animals. Clinical manifestations are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, with a decrease in milk productivity. Metabolic disorders feature the development of an inflammatory process, metabolic acidosis, hyperfermentonemia, with an increase in the amount of creatinine and urea in the blood serum. Metabolic signs indicate the development of hepatorenal syndrome due to structural disorders of the liver and kidneys. Histological signs of polymicotoxicosis are intracapillary and hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, hepatocyte micronecrosis, and proliferation of connective tissue stroma cells, which leads to the development of atrophic cirrhosis in the interstitial and circular phases.

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

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