scholarly journals Guidelines for patients with thyroid diseases (A lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
G. A. Gherasimov ◽  
T. O. Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
The Past

We continue to discuss problems regarding patients with thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism is a disease that develops due to a decrease in the function of the thyroid gland, which cannot produce the amount of hormones necessary for the body. If little hormone enters the bloodstream, the saturation of the body with thyroid hormones is significantly reduced and, accordingly, all metabolic processes slow down. Screening for newborns for hypothyroidism means that every newborn is screened for his disease. In the past, treatment of newborns with hypothyroidism only began a few months after birth. Many of these children later had problems with studying at school or they were a little awkward, which could have been prevented if treatment had been started at an earlier time. Unfortunately, in our country there is no such system for screening newborns with all the ensuing consequences.To screen hypothyroidism in all newborns, a drop of blood is taken on filter paper. Subsequently, the level of TSH is determined in this blood sample. If it is elevated (and this is the main laboratory symptom of hypothyroidism), then the children are examined again more carefully, and with the confirmation of the diagnosis, they are prescribed treatment with thyroxine.

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

The Thyroid Gland: Physiology and Pathophysiology

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Kirsten
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Radiologic Findings

The thyroid gland contains many follicular cells that store the thyroid hormones within the thyroglobulin molecule until they are needed by the body. The thyroid hormones, often referred to as the major metabolic hormones, affect virtually every cell in the body. Synthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormones depend on the presence of iodine and tyrosine as well as maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system. Interruption of this development, as occurs with premature delivery, results in inadequate production of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine, leading to a variety of physiologic conditions. Pathologic conditions occur in the presence of insufficient thyroid production or a defect in the thyroid gland. Laboratory tests are important in diagnosing conditions of the thyroid gland. A thorough history in combination with clinical manifestations and radiologic findings are also useful in diagnosing specific thyroid conditions. Nurses play an important role in identifying and managing thyroid disorders and in providing supportive care to infants and their families.

scholarly journals Computational way of Classifying Thyroid Disorder Patients and Identifying the Similar Patients using a Novel Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-438
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Machine Learning Technique ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Algorithm

The thyroid hormones secreted by thyroid gland are interrelated with many metabolic processes of our body. Any dysfunction of thyroid gland leads to thyroid diseases. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are the very common thyroid disorders which affect the large number of people nowadays. Prediction of thyroid diseases at right time and giving suitable medicines to the patients help them to overcome the health problems. A machine learning technique will definitely assist the physicians for the prediction and treatment of thyroid diseases. In this work, the datasets are taken from UCI repository and Fuzzy- C Means algorithm is used for the clustering the thyroid diseases

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardiac Function: From Bench to Bedside

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamakawa ◽  
Tomoko S. Kato ◽  
Jaeduk Yoshimura Noh ◽  
Shinsuke Yuasa ◽  
Akio Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function

Thyroid hormones (THs) are synthesized in the thyroid gland, and they circulate in the blood to regulate cells, tissues, and organs in the body. In particular, they exert several effects on the cardiovascular system. It is well known that THs raise the heart rate and cardiac contractility, improve the systolic and diastolic function of the heart, and decrease systemic vascular resistance. In the past 30 years, some researchers have studied the molecular pathways that mediate the role of TH in the cardiovascular system, to better understand its mechanisms of action. Two types of mechanisms, which are genomic and non-genomic pathways, underlie the effects of THs on cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the action of THs in the cardiac function, the clinical manifestation and parameters of their hemodynamics, and treatment principles for patients with hyperthyroid- or hypothyroid-associated heart disease. We also describe the cardiovascular drugs that induce thyroid dysfunction and explain the mechanism underlying the thyroid toxicity of amiodarone, which is considered the most effective antiarrhythmic agent. Finally, we discuss the recent reports on the involvement of thyroid hormones in the regulation of myocardial regeneration and metabolism in the adult heart.

scholarly journals Long term effect of nutrition on thyroid disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salah Hussein ◽  
Lama Samir Asiri ◽  
Sadeem Wadia Asali ◽  
Abdulaziz Mohsin Alawlaqi ◽  
Gadeer Sameer Sibah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Long Term Effect

Many forms of thyroid diseases have been classified under autoimmune thyroid disease. These include hyperthyroidism or commonly known as Grave’s disease, and hypothyroidism commonly identified as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Many nutritional elements have been linked to the function of the thyroid gland as any disturbance in these elements can lead to the development of relevant thyroid diseases. The most important elements include iodine, iron, selenium, zinc, and soy. In this current manuscript, we aimed to discuss the effect of these nutritional elements on the development of thyroid diseases by reviewing relevant studies in the literature. Although it is widely known that iodine is an essential component for the synthesis and release of these hormones, exaggerated intake of iodine can also lead to the development of hypothyroidism by negative feedback mechanisms. Besides, it can also trigger abnormal autoimmune reactions which can lead to the development of AITD. Selenium is another important factor and evidence shows that it has been associated with Grave’s thyroiditis, however, further evidence is needed as recommended by previous investigations. Clinicians should also take care of iron, zinc, and soy levels during management to obtain a better prognosis.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CARBIMAZOLE, PROPYLTHIOURACIL & L-THYROXINE FOR LIVER MARKERS IN THYROID PATIENTS FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Maria Fareed Siddiqui ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Liver Markers

Hepatic functions dependency on thyroid hormones has been reported in many past studies. Momentous change in physiology and chemistry of thyroid gland not only affects the glandular function but also profoundly impinge working of liver markers causing hepatic dysfunction. Consequently, in order to give better response for thyroid diseases, the efficiency of thyroid drug is also calculated in persuading liver markers towards standard ranges which previously have been disturbed due to thyroid invasion.

scholarly journals Connection between the disorder of the function of the thyroid gland and the appearance of the somatic symptoms with the patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (80) ◽  
pp. 7-33
Author(s):  
Gordana Stanić ◽  
Snežana Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Length Of Treatment

Introduction: The thyroid gland is one of the most important endocrine glands that has the function of releasing hormones that regulate metabolism in adults. Thyroid hormones act directly or indirectly on almost all systems in the body, so they can negatively affect the health of an individual, who have a high risk of developing disorders in psychosomatic symptoms. The occurrence of somatization in patients can be accompanied by a direct impact of thyroid disorders on certain organs and systems, but it can also be non-specific in relation to the disease itself. Objective: To examine the relationship between different disorders of the thyroid gland and the occurrence of somatic symptoms in patients, according to age, body mass index and length of treatment. Material and methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 221 outpatients with thyroid disease at the Special Hospital for Thyroid Diseases and Metabolic Diseases "Zlatibor", from February to July 2018. In addition to the sociodemographic questionnaire, a four-dimensional symptom questionnaire subscale (4DSQ) was used in the study to assess the occurrence and level of somatization in subjects. Results: There is an association between different thyroid disorders and a high score on the somatization scale (16.05 ± 8.34), in 69.7% of subjects. In our subjects, the most pronounced somatic symptoms have subjects with hypothyroidism (M = 17.5; as = 16.44 ± 8.26), subjects over 61 years (19.29 ± 8.29). Musculoskeletal somatic symptoms were expressed in 72.4% of subjects. Pronounced somatization (19.40 ± 8.32) have subjects who have elevated body mass index values (35-39.9), as well as subjects who have been treated for thyroid disease for more than ten years (19.7 ± 8.7). Conclusion: This study showed that there is an association between thyroid disorders and the appearance of somatic symptoms in patients. In patients, there are moderate somatic symptoms that are associated with age, body mass index and length of treatment.

scholarly journals Thyroid diseases detection rate in screenings of the population of the Kherson region

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
V. I. Yaroshenko ◽  
A. I. Golunov
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

In many regions of the world, regardless of the presence of iodine endemic, a steady increase in thyroid pathology has been recorded over the past three decades. Given the unfavorable environmental situation that is typical for most countries today, one can think that this trend will continue and problems of the state of the thyroid gland will take place among the most relevant and significant in modern clinical medicine. A natural consequence of this is the growing interest of scientists and practitioners of endocrinologists in the issues of early diagnosis and monitoring, the etiology and epidemiology of thyroid diseases. In this study, we assessed the state of the thyroid gland with the aim of epidemiological analysis of the frequency of various forms of goiter in 5423 people living in 18 districts of Kherson region.

scholarly journals Goitre or Iodine deficiency disorder – there is more than meets the eye

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shariq R Masoodi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder

THIS ARTICLE HAS NO ABSTRACT (FIRST 100 WORDS OF THE ARTICLE ARE DISPLAYED): Iodine deficiency is the world's most widespread, yet easily preventable, cause of brain damage. Iodine is an essential element that is needed for the production of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which are essential for the normal growth and development, and well being of all humans. Iodine was discovered by Courtois in 1811 as a violet vapor arising from seaweed ash while manufacturing gunpowder for Napoleon's army. Gay-Lussac identified it as a new element, and named it iodine, from the Greek for “violet.” Iodine was found in the thyroid gland by 1 Baumann in 1895. The body does. JMS 2012;15(1):1-3.

Clinical and experimental studies of the effect of chronic fluoride intoxication on the hormonal status of the body and morphological changes in the thyroid gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Tatyana K. Yadykina ◽  
Maria S. Bugaeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Kochergina ◽  
Nadezhda N. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Fluoride Intoxication

Introduction. The systemic violation of the body's homeostasis under the conditions of the negative impact of production factors scientists determine by the mismatch of neurohumoral mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes. There are endocrinopathies. They occur with disorganization of the metabolism and violation of the thyroid gland's functional activity with disorganization of the metabolism, infringement of the thyroid gland's available action. The study aimed to learn the nature of endocrine dysfunction, histological changes of the thyroid gland associated with the dynamics of chronic fluoride intoxication of the body. Materials and methods. We analyzed the state of bone tissue and assessed the degree of articular syndrome during the large-scale structural reconstruction of the skeleton in aluminum production workers. The scientists examined the workers using double photon densitometry. The researchers studied the metabolic parameters based on a range of biochemical and instrumental methods. The experiment involved sexually mature male white laboratory rats with a bodyweight of up to 300 grams. We analyzed hormonal status disorders with an assessment of the degree of morphological changes in the thyroid gland. Results. The researchers analyzed the severity of disorders of individual endocrine mechanisms of homeostasis regulation and thyroid morph structure in hyperfluorosis. We treat fluorosis as a polyfunctional pathology. A high proportion of endocrinopathies is a clinical syndrome. It increases the pathological course of chronic fluoride intoxication in workers. We confirm the study with experimental data on metabolic disorders with a persistent toxic effect. We revealed hyperfunction of the thyroid gland against the background of a decrease in glucocorticoid activity, stable electrolyte, and mineral shifts. The researchers conducted an experiment on the late stages of fluoride intoxication. Conclusions. Clinical studies of individuals with chronic fluoride intoxication and concomitant endocrinopathy revealed a significant increase in the number of workers with abdominal obesity, musculoskeletal disorders, mineral metabolism disorders. Also, with deforming osteoarthritis of the joints, osteoalgia against the background of thyroid insufficiency. Experimental data confirm this. The fluorine accumulation in the body causes multidirectional disorders of the hormonal mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes, alternation of hypo- and hyperfunction changes in the thyroid gland associated with fluoride duration intoxication.

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