Scientific and Technological Development of Egypt in the XXI Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Sergey Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Current State ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Modern Egypt ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Ministry Of Higher Education ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The author analyzes the scientific and technological development of modern Egypt, which the country’s leadership considers to be one of the main means for building a knowledge economy and ensuring national sovereignty. The current Constitution of Egypt contains a provision on the priority development of science and technology, as well as the obligation of the state to increase the share of spending for these purposes to 1% of GDP. Using mainly data from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, as well as papers of Egyptian scientists, the author draws a detailed picture of the current state of science and technology in Egypt. He also provides data on their development plans until the 2021/22 financial year, according to which public investment for these purposes should be increased to 1.2% of GDP. This will not only strengthen the material base for the development of science and technology, significantly increase the number of researchers, their salaries and publication activity, but also create favorable conditions for improving the commercialization of scientific achievements. To this end, the country’s government is building science cities, encouraging the conclusion of scientific and technological alliances that combine the capabilities of science and business, and creating a favorable regulatory environment and incubators for the development of national startups, one of which has already turned into a unicorn. All this strengthens Egypt’s position as one of the leaders of scientific and technological progress in Africa.

FIELDS OF POSSIBLE USING THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1820-1828
Author(s):  
K.N. Andrianov ◽  
◽  
Y.V. Popkov ◽  
A.K. Markov ◽  
E.E. Mozhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Strategic Program ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

In this article, the authors assess the possibilities and formulate the directions of potential using Chinese experience of scientific and technological strategic planning in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the development and experience in managing strategic planning of scientific and technological development of the PRC made it possible to identify some areas of improving the system of strategic planning and management of scientific and technological development in Russia. The main directions of improving the innovative economic policy of Russia are proposed: to actively develop the private sector; to reduce the role of government intervention in the economy; to attract foreign investors for stimulating the economy at the macro and micro levels; to support all spheres of production, to create favorable conditions for national enterprises; to stimulate the development of production, to develop infrastructure: transport, construction, communications, the financial sector; to increase investment in education and health; to raise the standard of living of the population; to develop and improve innovation policy (in particular, increase funding for R&D, development of high technologies, improvement of the sphere of innovation and implementation services). A conclusion was made about the possibility of using various elements of the “Chinese economic miracle” in Russia, first of all, it is a systematic, consistent approach to the formation of medium-term and long-term development plans; and appropriate recommendations were given. The authors give recommendations on the possible using in Russia the Chinese experience in the development and implementation of the strategic program “China Manufacturing 2025”. The main provisions that determine the successful technological development of China, which may be of interest for use in the Russian Federation, are formulated.

Management of sustainable innovation for national development

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cristian Sánchez Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World ◽  
End Use ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Throughout history the development of the countries has been generated mainly by the impulse in two complementary axes: Science and Technology, and Trade. At present we are experiencing an exponential scientific and technological development and the Economy in all its fronts is driven by the intensive application of technology. According to these considerations, this research tries to expose the development of Innovation Management as a transversal mechanism to promote the different socioeconomic areas and especially those supported by engineering. To this end, use will be made of Technology Watch in order to identify the advances of the main research centres related to innovation in the world. Next, there will be an evaluation of the main models of Innovation Management and related methodologies that expose some of the existing Innovation Observatories in the world to finally make a proposal for Innovation Management applicable to the reality of Peru, so that it can be taken into consideration by stakeholders (Government, Academy, Business and Civil Society) committed to Innovation Management in the country

scholarly journals SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN KEBBI STATE: A SITUATION ANALYSIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
Science And Technology Education ◽  
Education Policy Implementation ◽  
Implementation Problems ◽  
Education Science ◽  
National Policy On Education ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Kebbi state and Nigerian educational system as indicated in the national policy on education are oriented towards scientific and technological development of the state and nation in general, among other values. Since the acquisition of sound knowledge, particularly science and technology, is crucial for individual and societal development. The paper seeks to philosophically examine the effectiveness of Kebbi state’s school system in providing sound scientific and technological knowledge to their products, with particular reference to Science and Technical schools. The method of philosophical analysis was adopted in undertaking the study. Although some traces of pragmatist's and empiricist’s educational ideas could be found enshrined in Kebbi State’s guiding policy on education, science and technology, a number of implementation problems render the practice ineffective. Thus, the paper highlighted the need to ensure that practice is in consistence with the policy to ensure the acquisition of sound scientific knowledge.

The Evolution of Russian Government Priorities for Scientific and Technological Development: 1990s — 2010s

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Denis Sekirinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Science And Technology Policy ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

As the Soviet Union collapsed, science and technology policy in Russia turned out to be out of the decision-makers’ attention focus. The socio-economic transformations of the early 1990s negatively affected the scientific and research organizations, which led to a gradual stagnation in the development of scientific knowledge. By the mid-1990s it had posed a threat to the whole scientific potential of the country. Such a crisis triggered debates on what measures should be taken to reorganize state science and technology policy. The reorganization was marked by the practice of goal-setting, a process based on both historical background and socio-economic tasks of a specific time period with all the participants sharing common perspective of the future. This article is an overview of the key program and strategic documents adopted in the period from the mid-1990s till the late 2010s. These documents reflect the evolution of state priorities for scientific and technological development. The analysis of these documents allows us to trace how the scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation has been transformed from the principle of preserving and supporting the already existing scientific potential to the principle of finding response to specific challenges.

Technology Development as Innovative Crisis: Georg Simmel's Reflections on Modern Science and Technology

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Matthias Gross
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

AbstractThis paper introduces some of Georg Simmel's neglected reflections on modern science and technology and their implications for the understanding of the development of technology in modern societies in general. Using Simmel's perspective on the production of side effects via accumulating non-knowledge as a touchstone, this paper suggests how unexpected occurrences can be incorporated into a model of scientific and technological development that includes the re-cursive handling of "surprises." Simmel, therefore, outlines his understanding of progress as an innovative crisis, where unexpected occurrences—both positive and negative—are positioned at the core of modern science and technology and are not understood as mere side efiects.

scholarly journals Innovation management in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology of the Brazilian Northeast: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Nogueira Albert Loureiro ◽  
Gabriel Francisco da Silva ◽  
Silvio Sobral Garcez Júnior ◽  
João Antonio Belmino dos Santos ◽  
Márcio Vilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Knowledge Protection ◽  
Intellectual Assets ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

With the Law nº 11.892 of 2008, Brazilian´s professional education acquired new status, based on the conception of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs). In essence, FIs have the responsibility to stimulate applied research in the development of technical and technological solutions; entrepreneurship; and scientific and technological development with a view to innovative processes. Despite their intrinsic proximity to the productive sector, giving them an environment conducive to the development of intellectual assets, some FIs still have difficulties in managing innovation. Conversely, some of these institutions have developed mechanisms to promote innovation management and the improvement of knowledge protection indicators developed in their locus. In this perspective, the FIs of the Northeast region of Brazil stand out, through their Technological Innovation Centers, presenting the best Intellectual Property (IP) safeguard indexes between the years 2008 to 2016. In this sense, the present work aims to present the innovation actions of the FIs of the referred region that culminated in a greater protection of IP, and may serve as a reference for other institutions in the network. 

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-485
Author(s):  
Irina Ilina ◽  
◽  
Andrey Klypin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the research and development sector in the Russian Federation during the transition from the first to the second stage of the implementation of the Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. In addition, the authors also prepare proposals for improving the state scientific and technical policies. Methods. This paper employs theoretical methods, including non-comparative and comparative analysis, cognitive synthesis, abstraction and concretization, systemic approach and structural-functional method. Results and Discussion. The paper presents the dynamics of changes in the key indicators of scientific and technical activity in the Russian Federation as well as significant risks and threats/challenges constraining scientific and technical activities, which are divided into two groups: organisational and economic (internal) challenges and global technological (external) challenges. The main research results are: a set of measures in the framework of the state scientific and technological policy, ensuring the further scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, including the improvement of the public administration system through the development of mechanisms for financing research and development; creation of favourable conditions for involving enterprises of the real economy and other companies in all stages of research and development; creation of an integrated system for assessing scientific, research and technology results; introduction of a holistic system to support scientific, research, technological and innovation activities, providing targeted support at every stage of the innovation life cycle; introduction and development of the mechanism of scientific diplomacy in Russia; development of science and technology at the regional level; development of mechanisms for involving qualified personnel to scientific activities; development of a holistic system of expertise, monitoring and forecasting for scientific, research and technological activities. Conclusion. Results of this research substantiate the assertion that such areas as science, technology and innovation should operate as a whole structure integrated into the socio-economic system of the country and ensuring the technological selfsufficiency and competitiveness of the national economy.

scholarly journals Leadership and Management in Science and Technology: Competency Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
O. V. Vorobyeva ◽  
E. M. Ivannikova ◽  
V. V. Malandin ◽  
D. S. Sekirinsky ◽  
E. V. Karavaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Competency Model ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Technology Competency ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The article deals with scientific and methodological substantiation and description of the competency model of a modern leader and manager in scientific and technological sphere. This model has been developed by the authors on the initiative of the Coordinating Council for Youth Affairs in Scientific and Educational Spheres of the Presidential Council for Science and Education in the framework of the managers’ contest “Leaders of Russia” (specialization “Science”, season 2019– 2020). The competency model is aimed at improving the efficiency of solving the problems of scientific and technological development of Russia by overcoming the lack of personnel which is ready not only to conduct research at the world level, but also to take responsibility for the formation of priorities for scientific and technological development that meet the interests of Russia, as well as for their implementation. The proposed model is the first of its kind developed and tested system of competencies for improving leadership and management potential of Russian science.

scholarly journals Results of the Scientific and Practical Conference 'Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation: Resources, Results, Prospects' with Foreign Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-314
Author(s):  
Andrey Klypin ◽  
Sergey Vyunov ◽  
Vladislav Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Science And Research ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development ◽  
Practical Conference

Currently, there is a complex system of science governing in Russia, which incorporates programs and goals defining mechanisms and documents, as well as government tools of support for science for selected challenges and risks. However, Russian science has an issue of low mobility and scarce essential resources. For example, the amount of funding of science and research in Russia does not allow for the technological breakthrough if compared to figures of the countries, leading in scientific and technological development. With the state budget providing two thirds of the gross expenditure on R&D, it remains the main source of funding for science and research. The Government of Russia has still not reached the goals of making research, development, and engineering in Russia attractive to investors, and creating the financial basis of technological breakthrough with the significant ratio of non-budgetary funds. To analyze the existing problems in the field of science and technology in Russia, The Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPL) hosted a scientific and practical conference "Scientific and Technological development of the Russian Federation: Resources, Results, Prospects." The discussion pertained to topics of science popularization and improvement of the status of science; development of the shared scientific infrastructure; cooperation between universities, scientific organizations, businesses, and government; science diplomacy; regional development of science in Russia; the usage of international scientometrics databases, and statuary and regulatory basis of scientific work. Following the conference, the list of proposals for the development of state policy in the field of science and technology has been prepared. This list can be used by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to determine transformation directions for the governance system of scientific and technological development.

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