The Contribution of Modern Chinese African Studies to the Promotion of National Interests in the African Direction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Olga Fituni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern China ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Institutional Foundations

The article examines the development of African studies in modern China and the interrelationship between the attitude of the Chinese state to the development of national African studies, on the one hand, and the promotion of the national interests of the People’s Republic of China in the African direction, on the other. The paper explores the stages of the formation of Chinese African studies, the existing institutional foundations for the development of African studies in the country, the connection between the rapid quantitative growth and qualitative rise of African studies in China during the last decade and a half with the success of regular China–Africa Forums. The author exposes the scope of research topics of Chinese Africanists. A separate part of the article is devoted to the analysis of Chinese studies on relations between Russia and African states. It displays the assessments on the part of Chinese scholars of the Sochi (2019) Summit and the Russia–Africa Business Forum as well as the influence of the Russian Federation on the continent.

scholarly journals Economic-geographical study of Сhina in the domestic geographical literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Aguirrechu ◽  
K. V. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Regional Studies ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Geographical Study ◽  
Main Period ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
General Reduction

The paper provides an overview of the economic and geographical studies of China carried out in our country. There are several stages of the formation and development of this area of China country studies. The origin of research dates back to the early 1930s, when China research was national interests of our country. The main period of study of this country by domestic economic geographers fell down in the 1950s — on the one hand, the period of the most favorable relations between the USSR and China, on the other — the period of the maximum flourishing of regional studies in our country. The cooling in political relations between the countries in the first half of the 1960s dramatically reduced the interest of economic geographers in Chinese studies, although Oriental studies in the field of humanities continued. Subsequent periods are associated with the resumption of economic and geographical research in China, but in much lesser amount, which is particularly due to the general reduction trend in regional studies.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE AMERICAN-CHINESE CONFRONTATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS OF RUSSIA. PART 3: IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS OF RUSSIA ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE AMERICAN-CHINESE CONFRONTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

With the intensification of the struggle for leadership between the United States and China, the task of realizing its own national interests is becoming especially urgent for Russia. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the prospects for the realization of the national interests of the Russian Federation in the context of an aggravated struggle for leadership between the United States and China. The paper proposes an approach to the analysis and studies the prospects for the realization of the national interests of the Russian Federation in the context of an aggravated struggle for leadership between the United States and China, which determine the interdependence of the countries of the "strategic triangle" Russia-China-USA. The proposed approach to assessing these prospects allows us to forecast the develop-ment of relations between the countries of the "strategic triangle". The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations for the leadership of our coun-try. It is concluded that the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China and the United States of America are important partners for each other.

The Bible and Christian Poetry in Modern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-362
Author(s):  
Guangqi Rong ◽  
Zhaohui Bao
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One

With the arrival of Christianity and the translation of the Bible in China, Chinese culture and society have experienced tremendous transformation. On the one hand, the Chinese Bible, Chinese Union Version (CUV) in particular, influences modern Chinese poets in that they learn from the Bible words, images, imagination, stories, and narrative modes different from traditional literature; on the other hand, it affects them spiritually, with concepts of life, world, and values from the Bible. This essay looks at the above relationship between the Chinese Bible and Christian poetry in People’s Republic of China. Many Chinese poets in the twentieth century have indispensable dialogues with Christianity in their writing, particularly the Bible, which endows Chinese modern literature with unique life experience and world imagination. From modern to contemporary times, Chinese Christian literature has gradually improved, from the initial superficial influence of the Bible to the internalized life experience, thus leading to a profound artistry that gains respect in the public sphere.

scholarly journals THE PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION IN FRAMEWORK OF “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD” INITIATIVE IMPLEMENTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 68-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Smaliakou
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One

Introduction. Nowadays, the steadily growing relationship with the People’s Republic of China is one of the priority directions of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. According to the author of the present paper, new opportunities for active constructive interaction between the countries are provided with the One Belt and One Road Initiative (OBOR or BRI) adopted by China for the purpose of combination of efforts of the states for stable development of economy in the Eurasian space and peaceful co-existence of the people on the basis of the principles of openness, inclusivity of different civilizations, tolerance, safety, mutual benefit and training.The aimof the paper is to discuss the status and prospects of the RussianChinese cooperation in the humanitarian field and search for new narrative for development cooperation.Methodology and research methods. The research was performed with a support on philosophical and general scientific methods: comparative, structurally functional and system types of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and forecasting.Results and scientific novelty. The Russian-Chinese recent cooperation was considered. Special attention was given to education communication strategy as one of the reliable and checked channels of establishment and consolidation of international economic relations. The educational component of humanitarian interaction enables to provide effective tools for adjustment and support for the international dialogue and has an extensive range of opportunities for harmonization of cultural, social and even political standards.It is emphasized that further strengthening of the productive bilateral interaction of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation is prevented by its developed model which is under construction and functions mainly at the level of public authorities. In spite of the fact that the relations between two countries are on the rise, the potential of the existing model has become exhausted, and it is therefore necessary to search for other ways of future joint collaborative work. Strengthening of partnership requires the transition to multilateral cooperation with other states and mutual participation of Russia and China in the course of overcoming the social and economic imbalance in the zone of their shared interests – the territory of the revived Silk Road. The third countries located along its southern transit corridor, unlike the states of the northern direction, are characterized by the backwardness of economics, high unemployment rate, lack of the fair system of upward mobility, poverty and ignorance of the population, thus promoting the spread of religious extremism and escalation of international conflicts. The author proposed to involve the humanitarian sphere as the mechanism of the start of transcontinental infrastructure projects in order to normalize the social and economic situation in these regions, to overcome socio-cultural barriers and to achieve integration of economics of various states for the sake of their steady growth and effectivization. The coordinated actions of China, Russia and EU countries for the promotion and maintenance of modern models of education can become a decisive factor to stabilize and implement the One Belt and One Road Initiative in problematic regions. In the author’s view, partner States should focus on actions for modernization of national education systems and dissemination of scientific worldview, e.g. in the regions of the Northern Silk Road. Otherwise, the South will remain the centre of regularly military conflicts and terrorism financing, whereas the Russian and Chinese companies will continue to spend considerable personnel and financial resources for the safety of the ongoing joint projects.Practical significance. Materials of the research can be useful as a guide to reconsider the objectives of the Russian-Chinese alliance in the humanitarian sphere and generate new ideas on development and ways of implementation of the international educational programs. 

Russia’s foreign policy in the age of Boris Yeltsin through the eyes of Slovak diplomats (1993–1999)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Nikitin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
Foreign Ministry

ased on archival documents from the Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Moscow, which are being introduced into scholarly use for the first time, this essay discusses the two basic approaches of Slovak diplomats to Russian foreign policy. The first approach, utilised during the era of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Andrei V. Kozyrev, was described by Slovak representatives in Russia criticising its pro-Western policy that they said did not meet Russian national interests, but was then being pursued by the then top of the Russian Foreign Ministry. They saw the main problems of Russian diplomacy as being the deterioration of the socio-economic situation of the population of the Russian Federation on the one hand, and Kozyrev's emphasis on “strategic partnership” with the United States on the other, which gave rise to growing anti-American sentiments both among the political elite and the Russian electorate. This led, in particular, to a situation where even the most important bilateral agreements between Russia and the United States were perceived by the deputies of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation as a betrayal of Russian national interests. The second approach, which appeared in Slovak diplomatic reports under the next head of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Evgeny M. Primakov, was characterised by, after modifying both their rhetoric and approach to foreign policy, criticism of the minister, which resulted in an attempt by Western countries, especially the United States, to have him removed from his post. This is because Slovakia did not need even a hint of a conflict between Russia and the West, since both the Western and the post-Soviet spaces became the most important and, in a sense, even irreplaceable areas of Slovak foreign policy.

Impact of the “One Belt, One Road” Strategic Initiative of the People's Republic of China on the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Gulnara N. KHADIULLINA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Strategic Initiative ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The One

The aim of the study is to identify objective and subjective prerequisites, as well as the consequences of the participation of the Russian Federation in the implementation of the Chinese strategic initiative “One Belt, One Road”. During the study, we set and solved the following tasks: analyzed the stages of formation and implementation of the strategic initiative in the period from 2013 to the present; studied the impact of the Silk Road Economic Belt project on the dynamics of indicators of the development of the Chinese economy; identified the main directions for the development of Russian–Chinese foreign economic relations, as well as the advantages and threats of the project implementation for the Russian economy. The multidimensional nature of the problem predetermined the need to use the provisions of theories of the world economy, state regulation of the economy, theories of international trade and international economic relations. In order to achieve its objectives, the study used a systematic approach, which made it possible to consider the strategic initiative of the People's Republic of China “One Belt, One Road” as a result of realizing the absolute and relative advantages of the participating countries and determine the nature of its impact on the dynamics of their economic development. The study concluded that the absolute and relative advantages of the Russian economy, historical and cultural factors, as well as the leading role of the Russian Federation in integration processes and in maintaining regional security within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, are among the prerequisites for the participation of the Russian Federation in the implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” strategic initiative. The analysis showed that the prospects of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and China within the framework of the strategic initiative “One Belt, One Road” are due to the predicted steady growth rate of domestic aggregate demand and supply, as well as the development of policy documents aimed at the formation of effective institutions that regulate integration processes.

scholarly journals Prawna ochrona zwierząt w Chinach. Aspekty filozoficzne i prawne

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The One

Animal protection in China. Philosophical and legal aspects Organizations involved in the protection of animals have long indicated the need for changes in Chinese legislation, which, in their opinion, insufficiently protects the welfare of animals (both wild and farmed). This matter has recently been a subject of debate in China itself. Some Chinese scholars point out the negative aspects of the Chinese economic miracle, including the environmental degradation and bad situation and living conditions of livestock and wild animals. Postulates to improve the situation of animals, however, also have their opponents, and one of the more often cited critical arguments is the one about the “extraneousness” of the concept of animal rights and animal welfare in Chinese intellectual culture, and the imposing of “western values” on China. In the article, I verify the above statement by analyzing the most important Chinese philosophical systems: Taoism, Confucianism and the Chinese type of Buddhism, as well as the Chinese communist thought, in terms of their positions regarding the obligation of humans towards animals. I also analyze changes in the contemporary approach to animal protection and animal welfare, based on the example of the amendment to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife.

Non-Participation in Compulsory Procedures of Dispute Settlement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Franckx ◽  
Marco Benatar
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Joint Declaration ◽  
Peculiar Form ◽  
The Russian Federation

Erik Franckx and Marco Benatar consider the peculiar backlash in the form of states rejecting the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals (ICs). They discuss how the People’s Republic of China (PRC) rejected jurisdiction in the Philippines v PRC arbitration. The authors draw comparisons with how the Russian Federation rejected the jurisdiction of an arbitration panel in the Arctic Sunrise case. But both states participated in the peculiar form of forwarding ‘position papers’. This allows states new modes of influencing the bench without formally participating in the proceedings, argues Franckx and Benatar. This may tempt other states to apply a similar approach. For example, Croatia has presented its views to an arbitration panel in a dispute with Slovenia, despite its non-participation after irregularities by one of the arbitrators. The PRC and the Russian Federation have also issued a joint declaration encouraging non-participation in international legal proceedings.

The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Madoka Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.

Russian experience in assessing informal employment indicators and their compliance with SDG indicators

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Elena Zarova ◽  
Dr Konstantin Laykam ◽  
Elvira Dubravskaya ◽  
Sergey Musikhin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components

This article describes on the one hand statistical methods for assessing informal employment based on the requirements as set by international standards. On the other hand it describes the potential of integrating various data sources to generate informal employment statistics. With as example official statistics of the Russian Federation, the authors show the features of applying the requirements of international standards. Methods are proposed for assessing informal employment in the formal sector of the economy, i.e. in enterprises that submit employment reports to the National Statistical Office. This phenomenon appears in the employment situation of many countries. However, there is no uniformity between countries in how they evaluate the application of the international standards in such assessment exercises. A theoretical model of informal employment is developed and validated based on statistical data published by international organizations. The validation focuses on assessing the causal relationships between informal employment indicators and the main components of the sustainable development goals. This analysis contributes to coordinated decisions on regulating informal employment and ensuring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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