scholarly journals Clinical and metabolic effects of metaprebiotic therapy for some functional bowel diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
O. N. Minushkin ◽  
L. V. Maslovsky ◽  
M. D. Ardatskaya ◽  
M. I. Bulanova ◽  
N. I. Beilina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Stool Frequency ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Functional Diarrhea ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bowel Diseases

Aim of investigation: to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of dietary supplements (BAA) STIM and STIM LaxMaterials and methods: The analysis of the treatment of 73 patients who were divided into 2 groups. Group 1-32 patients with functional constipation (8 men and 24 women; mean age — 45.7 ± 12.4 years), Group 2-41 patients with functional diarrhea (19 men and 22 women; mean age — 41.0 ± 15,8 years). The study of clinical symptoms was carried out according to the data of an individual diary, using specialized questionnaires with a scoring of symptoms before and after the course of treatment, before and after treatment, the result of the carbolene test, the content of short-chain fatty acids in the feces was assessed. Tolerability was assessed by recording side effects and adverse events.Monotherapy was carried out with STIM LAX for patients with functional constipation at a dose of 1 tablet 3 times a day for 30 days. STIM for patients with functional diarrhea was prescribed in a dose of 2 tablets 3 times a day for 30 days.Results of the study: The results of the study showed that FC therapy with StimLax effectively reduces the frequency and intensity of symptoms such as difficulty / pain, discomfort during defecation, feeling of incomplete emptying, abdominal pain, time spent in the toilet and the number of failed bowel movements. We observed the normalization of transit time according to the carbolene test and an increase in stool frequency up to 5 times a week.Treatment of patients with FD with Stim led to a significant decrease in the intensity of abdominal pain, rumbling, flatulence, stool frequency, an increase in the time of the carbolene test and the normalization of its consistency.Adverse events were observed in 8 (10.9%) patients (4 patients with FD and 4 patients with FD). On the 3-5th day of treatment, there was an increase in flatulence, rumbling in the abdomen. A temporary decrease in the dose of the drug to 1-2 tablets per day removed these phenomena and the symptoms that appeared were resolved within 1-3 days. After that, the dose of the drug was gradually increased to the initial (effective), which the patients tolerated normally.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate high clinical efficacy and good tolerability of treatment with drugs StimLax and Stim in patients with FC and FD. In some cases, it is necessary to titrate the dose of the drug (downward), but this is not accompanied by a decrease in the effectiveness of therapy. The use of these drugs with metaprebiotic properties helps to modify the microbiota of patients with functional bowel diseases. With constipation, the number and activity of both lactic acid flora and microorganisms that produce butyric acid are stimulated; in addition, calcium lactate is an additional source of butyric acid due to metabolism. With diarrhea, along with the stimulation of the number and activity of the lactic acid flora, there is an improvement in the utilization of butyrate by intestinal cells.

scholarly journals Disaharidase deficiency – is one of the causes of functional disorders of intestine.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Asfold I. Parfenov ◽  
O. V. Ahmadullina ◽  
N. I. Belostoskij ◽  
E. A. Sabelnikova ◽  
S. V. Bykova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Functional Bowel Disease ◽  
Functional Diarrhea ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

The aim of the study was to show the importance of intestinal carbohydrase (glucoamylase, maltase, sucrase and lactase) in the etiology and pathogenesis of functional bowel diseases. Material and methods. It was examined 74 patients with FBD in age from 18 to 50 years (36 men and 38 women.). According to Rome IV criteria (2016) 21 had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with predominance of diarrhea , 33 functional diarrhea, 6 - IBS with predominant constipation , 4 functional constipation and 10 IBS mixed type. Karbohidrase activity in mucosa of the small intestine was investigated by the method of Dahlquist modification Trinder in duodenal biopsies obtained during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Results. Lactase deficiency identified in 87.8%, maltasa - 48.6 percent, saharasia - 51,3%, the lack of glucoamylase - in 85.1% of patients. The activity of all investigated enzymes was reduced in 23 (31.1%) patients with functional bowel disease. Normal activity of enzymes have 4 (5,4%) patients. Conclusion. In 70 of 74 patients with functional bowel disease violations of the chair, abdominal pain and flatulence due to the decrease in the activity of carbohydrase of mucosa. The reason of disaccharidase deficiency may be due to the acute intestinal infections, antibiotic and medicine (NSAIDs) treatment.

scholarly journals Disaccharidase deficiency and functional bowel diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Parfenov ◽  
O V Akhmadullina ◽  
E A Sabelnikova ◽  
N I Belostotsky ◽  
M V Kirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Functional Diarrhea ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Intestine Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Aim. To elucidate the role of intestinal carbohydrases (glucoamylase, maltase, sucrose, and lactase) in the etiology and pathogenesis of functional bowel diseases (FBD). Subjects and methods. 74 patients (36 men and 38 women) aged 18 to 50 years with FBD were examined. According to Rome IV criteria (2016), there was diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in 21 patients, functional diarrhea (FD) in 33, constipation-predominant IBS in 6, functional constipation (FC) in 4, and mixed IBS in 10. The activity of carbohydrases in the small intestine mucosa (SIM) was investigated by the Dahlquist method modified by Trinder in the duodenal biopsy specimens obtained during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Results. Lactase deficiency was identified in 87.8% of the patients; maltase deficiency in 48.6%; sucrose deficiency in 51.3%; and glucoamylase deficiency in 85.1%. The activity of all the investigated enzymes was reduced in 23 (31.1%) patients with FBD; deficiency of 1—3 carbohydrases was found in 47 (63.5%). Normal enzymatic activity was established in 4 (5.4%) patients. Conclusion. In the majority of patients with FBD, the intestinal symptoms are caused by the decreased activity of SIM carbohydrases. Therefore, disaccharidase deficiency associated with an established damaging agent (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, acute intestinal infections, etc.) should be considered to be a more precise diagnosis.

Effect of a synbiotic, ColonFit, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation and functional diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-542
Author(s):  
Radek Kroupa ◽  
Jiří Jarkovský ◽  
Barbora Packová ◽  
Šárka Doležalová ◽  
Hana Junková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Bowel Symptoms ◽  
Functional Diarrhea ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Bristol Stool Scale ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background: Supplementary dietary fiber and probiotics may improve bowel symptoms due to changes in microbiome and fermentation. The aim of the study was the evaluation of symbiotic with psyllium, ColonFit, in patients with functional colonic diseases. Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation and functional diarrhea for a 4-week intake of ColonFit 10 g daily. The type and severity of bowel symptoms (scale 1–5), number and consistency of stool and quality of life features were analyzed in subgroups according to dominant initial symptoms. Results: Complete data were available from 110 patients (mean age 49.9 ± 15.3 years, 58.2% females). Constipation related symptoms were predominant in 46 (41.8%) patients, diarrhea in 28 (25.5%) and mixed type in the rest. The symptoms in constipation predominant group were more severe than in others. The significant change in softening of stool consistency (from 1.9 to 3.8 in Bristol stool scale; p < 0.001), an increase in spontaneous bowel movements (from 3.1 to 5.6× weekly; p = 0,001) and reduction of incomplete bowel movements of 40% and abdominal pain of 42% were observed in constipated patients. The reduction in a number of bowel movement per week (from 17.8 to 13.6; p = 0.001) and improvement of abdominal cramps by 27% and reduction of dietary limitations by 30% were recorded in diarrhea subgroup. The beneficial effect lasted for a two-week follow up after the discontinuation of ColonFit use. Conclusion: The ColonFit use was most beneficial in constipated patients. The improvement of several symptoms was observed in other subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome without any worsening of troubles. The use of the combination of psyllium, inulin and probiotics may offer an effective alternative for the management of functional bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Algorithmic prediction of failure modes in healthcare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala Kobo-Greenhut ◽  
Ortal Sharlin ◽  
Yael Adler ◽  
Nitza Peer ◽  
Vered H Eisenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Complete Identification ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fmea Method

Abstract Background Preventing medical errors is crucial, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is the most widely used prospective hazard analysis in healthcare. FMEA relies on brainstorming by multi-disciplinary teams to identify hazards. This approach has two major weaknesses: significant time and human resource investments, and lack of complete and error-free results. Objectives To introduce the algorithmic prediction of failure modes in healthcare (APFMH) and to examine whether APFMH is leaner in resource allocation in comparison to the traditional FMEA and whether it ensures the complete identification of hazards. Methods The patient identification during imaging process at the emergency department of Sheba Medical Center was analyzed by FMEA and APFMH, independently and separately. We compared between the hazards predicted by APFMH method and the hazards predicted by FMEA method; the total participants’ working hours invested in each process and the adverse events, categorized as ‘patient identification’, before and after the recommendations resulted from the above processes were implemented. Results APFMH is more effective in identifying hazards (P &lt; 0.0001) and is leaner in resources than the traditional FMEA: the former used 21 h whereas the latter required 63 h. Following the implementation of the recommendations, the adverse events decreased by 44% annually (P = 0.0026). Most adverse events were preventable, had all recommendations been fully implemented. Conclusion In light of our initial and limited-size study, APFMH is more effective in identifying hazards (P &lt; 0.0001) and is leaner in resources than the traditional FMEA. APFMH is suggested as an alternative to FMEA since it is leaner in time and human resources, ensures more complete hazard identification and is especially valuable during crisis time, when new protocols are often adopted, such as in the current days of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Clara Depommier ◽  
Rosa Maria Vitale ◽  
Fabio Arturo Iannotti ◽  
Cristoforo Silvestri ◽  
Nicolas Flamand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Palmitoyl Glycerol

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We hypothesize that PPARα activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical, Biochemical and Microbiological Markers Related to Dental Caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6049
Author(s):  
Maria D Ferrer ◽  
Salvadora Pérez ◽  
Aránzazu López Lopez ◽  
José Luis Sanz ◽  
Maria Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Caries Lesions

Our aim was to evaluate clinical, biochemical and microbiological markers related to dental caries in adults. A sample that consisted of 75 volunteers was utilized. The presence of caries and the presence of plaque and gingival indices were determined. Unstimulated salivary flow, pH, lactate, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus dentisani were measured in the participants’ plaque and saliva samples before and after rinsing with a sugar solution. Lactate in plaque was found to be significantly related to age, gender, tooth-brushing frequency, the presence of cavitated caries lesions and plaque and gingival indices (p < 0.05). The levels of S. dentisani in plaque increased significantly with tooth-brushing frequency (p = 0.03). Normalized plaque S. dentisani values and the percentage of S. dentisani were slightly higher in patients with basal lactic acid levels ≤ 50 mg/L. After rinsing with a sugary solution, the percentage of S. mutans levels in plaque were higher in patients with lactic acid levels > 350 mg/L (p = 0.03). Tooth-brushing frequency was the factor which was most associated with oral health. Women reflected better clinical and biochemical parameters than men. Low pH and high lactic acid levels tended to be associated with high caries rates. No association was found between bacteria levels and caries indices.

scholarly journals Anti-PD-1-Induced Hidradenitis Suppurativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Alexia Maillard ◽  
Damien Pastor ◽  
Rastine Merat
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Zinc Gluconate ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Mucocutaneous adverse events are commonly observed under immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a stage IIIC melanoma disease who developed hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) three months after the beginning of an anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) adjuvant therapy. The patient had no comorbidities other than obesity and severe acne during adolescence. After an unsuccessful course of lymecycline while he was still treated with nivolumab, he gradually improved under zinc gluconate therapy and, more importantly, after nivolumab cessation. HS is a recurrent follicular inflammatory disease in the apocrine gland-bearing areas of the body often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, tobacco smoking, inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis, and arthritis. In our patient, the latency period between drug initiation and onset of HS symptoms and the improvement after immunotherapy discontinuation, argued strongly in favor of an anti-PD-1-induced HS. Anti-PD-1 therapies often trigger T cells-mediated adverse events that mimic Th17-mediated inflammatory and neutrophilic diseases. We suggest that HS, as other pustular skin reactions and ICIs-induced neutrophilic colitis, can be part of the anti-PD-1 mucocutaneous adverse event spectrum.

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