scholarly journals On the Cult of Prince Andrey Bolshoy in Uglich and the Creation of his Life

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-506
Author(s):  
Elizaveta G. Sosnovtseva
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time

The article studies the local practice of the cult of Prince Andrey Bolshoy in Uglich, where he ruled during the last third of the 15th century. This work is based on data from the chronicles, especially the Uglich Chronicle of the 18th century; this is the primary source used in this study, and the most detailed information appears in the latest full versions, which date to the second half of the 18th century. These chronicles have “moved” the key biographical events of the last years of Prince Andrey’s life (his arrest and funeral) from Moscow to Uglich, which differs from other historical sources. According to the hagiography of Uglich saints, Prince Andrey was buried in the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Uglich Kremlin, not in the Cathedral of the Archangel in Moscow. The cult of Prince Andrey was mentioned for the first time in hagiographic writings, not only for saints who were contemporaries of Prince Andrey (SS. Paisius and Cassian), but also for saints who lived later (Prince Roman of Uglich and Tsarevich Dmitry of Uglich). It was only later, in the 18th century, that the unique copy of the Life of Prince Andrey appeared. This source is now held in the State Historical Museum in Moscow. The article shows how the text of the Life is connected with other hagiographic texts relating to Uglich.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION AND OPERATION OF THE TU-144 SUPERSONIC AIRLINER (according to memoir sources)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Alsu Sh. Ayzatullova ◽  
Mikhail A. Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Design And Testing

For the first time, the history of the creation and operation of the Tu-144 airliner is investigated on the basis of the memoirs of aviation specialists. The development of an airliner has been studied taking into account the socio-political processes of the 1960s-1970s, and that left a serious imprint on the development of science and technology in this period. The specifics of the historical sources used, highlighting important aspects of the topic, are shown, and their criticism is carried out. The results of the analysis of memories that capture the key moments of the programme of the Soviet supersonic airliner are presented. A comparison was made of the opinions of the authors of memoirs on certain issues (the reasons for the creation of the airliner, problems in its design and testing, as well as the reasons for the completion of the programme). The differences in the assessments of the memoirists of certain aspects of the project are revealed. It is pointed out exactly what lessons can be learned from the project by contemporary Russian statesmen and aviation specialists

The Challenge of a Jewish State

2015 ◽  
pp. 135-180
Author(s):  
David H. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Of Israel

This chapter investigates the first of three external challenges which defined Jewish life in western Europe in the late 1940s and 1950s. This was the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. For the first time in modern history, Jews could choose whether or not to live in the diaspora. There were hundreds of survivors in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands who were convinced that they had no future in Europe and migrated to Palestine as soon as they could. Those who chose not to were now forced to think more seriously about their decision to remain in western Europe. Zionist stalwarts, in particular, were challenged to reassess their role now that the Jewish state was a reality. What resulted was a transformation in collective and personal behaviour and attitudes that largely strengthened collective Jewish identity and commitment.

scholarly journals Origins of Vulcanello based on the re-examination of historical sources (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. VO548
Author(s):  
Marco Manni ◽  
Mauro Rosi
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Volcanic Structure ◽  
Volcanic Island ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Aeolian Islands ◽  
Main Island ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Plausible Hypothesis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Creation

   The lava platform and the three pyroclastic cones of Vulcanello constitute the northernmost volcanic structure of the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands). The sandy isthmus connecting the platform to the main island was definitively formed in the first half of the 1500s; before then, Vulcano and Vulcanello were two close but separate islands. For a long time, the interpretation of the sources of the II-I century BC, had considered the islet as built up about 2200 years ago. This belief, which proliferated among naturalists from the 17th century, is not confirmed in the ancient texts or even in the geographical documents of the time, which do not indicate the presence of Vulcanello as a new and stable island near Vulcano. The islet would only be mentioned at the dawn of the second millennium, and named in Arabic “Gabal’ al Burkān”, meaning Mount of Vulcano; shortly thereafter the toponym changed to the Latin “Insulam Vulcanelli” and then, towards the 15th century, finally to Vulcanello.  Since the creation of a volcanic island certainly occurred in the Aeolian Islands in the classical era, but traces of it were quickly lost, the most plausible hypothesis is that it was formed in the area of the current Vulcanello, to be subsequently erased by the sea. The shallow, flat seabed, likely remaining as a result of sea abrasion, might have represented the morphological element on which the circular lava platform we know today was formed sometime between 950 and 1000 AD. 

scholarly journals Czeladź city gate and walls in light of archaeological research

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Alan Jaskot ◽  
Jacek Pierzak ◽  
Krzysztof Rak
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Face ◽  
First Time ◽  
Face Side

Up until recently, Czeladź (Silesia, Poland) was generally believed to have been an “open” city, with no stone or brick fortifications. This belief persisted due to lack of historical sources from the period and insufficient archaeological research. In 2016, the authors of this article carried out archaeological investigations 70 m east of the Market Square. The investigations led to the discovery of two wall remains. The width of the first one was 1.40 m. The wall was built from stones of various sizes, hewn only on the face side. The wall was added to another wall, 0.60 m wide at the foundation; however, the second wall was sunk into a compact layer of marl and clay, which reinforced it from its inner side. It was over 0.80 m wide, 2.07 m long and was preserved up to a height of 0.47 m. Five layers of stone have survived. Two fragments of earthenware were discovered in the fill of this cut, dated to, respectively, between the 15th/16th centuries and the 16th century. A lime and sand mortar was used in the construction of both walls. This mortar is characterized by a grey and beige colouration and admixture of significant amounts of sand, limestone lumps, small brick fragments and charcoals. Such admixtures were used in the Medieval Period, and date the mortar to the 14th/15th century. Through architectural and cartographic analysis it can be said that these wall remains are remnants of an element of city fortifications, namely a city wall and a fragment of the eastern city gate. The opening of the presumed gate lies on the same axis as the exit from Rynkowa Street. The investigations provided further evidence for the fact that Czeladź had defensive walls. The research also proved, for the first time in source archaeological material, the existence of a city gate.

scholarly journals Serbian medieval law: From revenge to ruler’s prerogative

2012 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Djordje Djekic
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Written Law ◽  
Court Orders ◽  
Medieval Law ◽  
First Time

Since legal norms have come a long way from revenge to the ruler?s prerogative in the period between the Slavic arrival to the Balkans and the 12th century, this paper is an attempt to offer solutions for the chronology of these events. As the ruler?s prerogative occurs for the first time at the end of the 12th century, it is clear that this process had to have been completed by then. In the pre-state period Serbs had revenge and pacification of blood (godfatherhood), which were retained even after the state was established. In the state period the phenomenon of blood brothers occured as another form of pacification of blood. The existence of the system of composition payments can be proven indirectly. At the end of the 12th century the Old Serbian Law was created, which proscribed that the ruler tried for murder and theft of church property. This is the evidence that revenge disappeared in the meantime. Revenge and the system of composition payments remained legally valid ways of settling disputes in Bosnia until the end of the 15th century. As Bosnia was part of Serbia until the end of the 10th century, this implies that until that time revenge was a legally valid way of settling disputes in Serbia. This would mean that the abolishment of revenge and the transfer of this dispute to the competence of the ruler, when a blood debt was settled, which had been a remnant of the system of composition payments, occurred in the period between the end of the 10th century and the end of the 12th century, when it became part of the written law. As for the theft of church property, it must be said that the decisions of the Split (Spalatum) Assembly of 925 AD lead to the conclusion that the state accepted to regulate the theft of church property, which indicates that the mention of the theft of church property could have been the record of the ruler?s prerogative. Finally, it was noticed that at least one more felony - treason - had to be the regulated by the ruler?s prerogative. It was a felony that could be committed only against the ruler and the throne, for which the ruler himself tried the guilty party. Examples have proven that this is the oldest ruler?s prerogative and a presupposition was made that other forms of court orders were introduced after this model.

scholarly journals Jaspar de Isaac’s Engraving “Narcissus”: On the Sources of Konstantin Somov’s Early Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Anna E. Zavyalova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
French Edition ◽  
State Museum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Artistic Heritage

The article reveals and introduces into scientific circulation the previously unknown artistic source of Konstantin Andreyevich Somov’s early art – Jaspar de Isaac’s engraving “Narcissus”. There is traced the course of work with this one along with other art sources (works of European masters of the 16th—18th centuries depicting hunting scenes, paintings by Antoine Watteau, Jugendstil graphics), revealed the context of reference to it, and analyzed the stylistic features of including this source in Somov’s work on the watercolor “Rest after a Walk”. These tasks are addressed in the context of the role of artistic sources from the heritage of past eras in early works of Konstantin Somov. The topic’s relevance is determined by the fact that Jaspar de Isaac’s engraving “Narcissus”, made at the very beginning of the 17th century for a French edition of the “Imagines” by Philostratus the Elder, for the first time becomes the object of research as a source of Somov’s art. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time it attempts to identify (basing on a combination of formal and contextual analysis), and to use a source from the artistic heritage of France of the beginning of the 17th century in the work of K. Somov on the themes of the 18th century. The reveal of the source — the engraving “Narcissus” by J. de Isaac — made it possible to reconstruct the artist’s work on the “Rest after a Walk”. The article examines not only the sketch for this work from the collections of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, but also the drawing “A Date” from the State Tretyakov Gallery. There is stated that it is a preparatory drawing for the watercolor “Rest after a Walk”, basing on the general iconography of the watercolor, sketch and engraving “Narcissus”. The author concludes that Somov’s appeal to the engraving by J. de Isaac was not conscious, it should be attributed to the phenomenon of artistic memory, and his probable acquaintance with it had taken place before the artist left for Paris in the autumn of 1897.

Femmes des Mille et une nuits

Arabica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-293
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Garcin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Jewish Woman ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Good Wife ◽  
First Time

We can assume that we find for the first time in the 15th century the character of Šahrazād as a courageous woman who had taken upon herself to get the king away from his bias against the women after his wife deceived him. Šahrazād tells him stories in which women have not infrequently more fortitude and deserve more to be trusted than men who are sometimes immature. But there are also from the same century other stories in which ancient themes continue, for instance about crafty and lustful women. In the 16th century, “Dalila the wily” upgrade crafty women, but in the seventeeth century, the Ottoman’s connections with Protestant communities in Germany introduced to the Arabian Nights European witches and bird-women. Anyway men have to avoid to fall in love with women. During the 18th century, a solution to the problem of good relationship between men and women is sketched in the “Masrūr and Zayn al-Mawāṣif” story. The two characters, a christian man and a jewish woman, live happily after they had both converted to Islam. In the same way, the Arabian Nights end when the king gives up his bias against the women and marry Šahrazād, “a good wife [. . .] a pure, a chaste, a devout one”. But he has to keep faith with his wife and preserve responbility for her, according to Islamic Law. Du ixe/xve siècle semble dater le personnage d’une Šahrazād qui s’est donné pour mission de faire revenir le roi de ses préventions sur les femmes, après qu’il ait découvert l’infidélité de son épouse. Šahrazād lui présente des contes où les femmes apparaissent souvent comme plus fortes et dignes de confiance que les personnages masculins, parfois immatures. Mais le recueil enregistre également pour cette époque, des contes où les vieux topoï de la femme rusée et lubrique persistent. Au xe/xvie siècle, le personnage de « Dalila la Rusée » revalorise la ruse des femmes, mais, au xie/xviie siècle, les contacts du pouvoir ottoman avec les protestants d’Allemagne introduisent dans les contes des Nuits, sorcières et femmes-oiseaux venues d’Europe, et les femmes à nouveau sont renvoyées à leur rôle de reproductrices dont il ne faut surtout pas s’éprendre. C’est au xiie/xviiie siècle, qu’une solution s’ébauche. Dans le conte de « Masrūr et Zayn al-Mawāṣif », les deux héros, un chrétien et une juive, trouvent leur bonheur dans une conversion à l’islam. De même à la fin des Nuits, lorsque le roi abandonne ses préventions à l’égard des femmes et épouse Šahrazād, la « bonne épouse [. . .] pure, chaste et pieuse », devient l’épouse du roi revenu de ses erreurs, et au roi s’imposent pour sa part les devoirs de fidélité et d’autorité sur sa femme, comme l’enseigne l’Islam. This article is in French.

Gypsies: from Belarus to Siberia (according to documents and materials of the 18th - first half of the 19th century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov ◽  
Tadeush Novogrodsky ◽  
Galina Sinko ◽  
Stepan Zakharkevich
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Archive Material

In the 14th — 15th century the Belarussian part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth became a center of ethnic minorities, among which Gypsies stood out. Until the first half of the 18th century, they enjoyed the patronage of the local magnates, thanks to which they got a lean system of self-government and were able to fill their own economic niche. In the 18th century, Gypsies of Belarus were forced to leave their traditional places of residence. As a result, they came to Walachia, Moldavia and Siberia. At the end of the 18th — early 19th century Romani had a mostly semi-nomadic lifestyle in Siberia, many of them settled in cities and engaged in trade and crafts. The present paper approaches the issues of the ethnic-dispersive Gypsies community setup in Siberia, the basis of which was laid by Belarusian Gypsies. The paper is written mainly based on archive material, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

The Police-State

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Chapman
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way

THE WAY THAT THE TERM ‘POLICE STATE’ ENTERED THE ENGLISH language is curious. It is simply the transliteration of the German term Polizeistaat. In German constitutional and administrative law the Polizeistaat was one of the triad of categories used to describe the characteristics of particular states. The other two categories were the Rechtsstaat and the Justizstaat. The Polizeistaat was the creation of 18th-century Prussia. The devastation of the Thuty Years War led the Prussian leaders to conclude that only a state based upon internal discipline, rigorously controlled, and economically self-sufficient could provide a proper basis for survival. This involved breaking the feudal powers of the aristocracy, substituting for them as the principal instrument of government a civil service wholly obedient and responsive to the rulers of the state, and creating a powerful army capable of protecting the heartland of Prussia, if necessary by wars of expansion. The permanent possibility of war became the basis of stable government, and stable government, even at the price of war, was the major blessing a state could bestow on its citizens.

scholarly journals REPRESSIVE-PUNITIVE ACTIVITY OF “TROIKA” ATTACHED TO THE STATE POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UKRAINIANS’ GENOCIDE

Skhid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
OLESIA STASIUK
Keyword(s):  
Central Office ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
First Time

The repressive-punitive activity of the DPU’s “Troika” as an extrajudicial body was analyzed in the article. Their involvement into the Ukrainians’ genocide during 1932-1933-s was proved by the archival documents. New historical sources that proved a role of “Troika” of the State political administration of the Ukrainian SSR (DPU of the Ukrainian SSR) as a repressive-punitive body were introduced into scientific usage for the first time. The author has used historical-systematic method, critical analysis of the sources, problem-chronological, typological analysis as well as synthesis and generalization that permit to understand a role of “troika” as a crucial instrument in the planned, systematically organized criminal campaign of grain procurement as well as in the struggle of the communist regime with acts of resistance (real or fabricated by the body of the DPU). Extrajudicial punishment with “Troika’s” involvement was demonstrated to be a tool for suppression of the national-liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people at the beginning of 1920-s in Ukraine. According to implementation of the NEP and suppression of the resistance movement, the activity of “Troikas” was ceased by a relevant order of the CPC of the Ukrainian SSR, however, it was renewed at the beginning of grain procurement campaign, and total collectivization. At that time “Troikas” should decongest the judicial branch of the United State Political Administration (ODPU) and Special Council of the ODPU from rebels and other “counter-revolutionary elements” presented by the central office and local authorities.

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