scholarly journals Serbian medieval law: From revenge to ruler’s prerogative

2012 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Djordje Djekic
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Written Law ◽  
Court Orders ◽  
Medieval Law ◽  
First Time

Since legal norms have come a long way from revenge to the ruler?s prerogative in the period between the Slavic arrival to the Balkans and the 12th century, this paper is an attempt to offer solutions for the chronology of these events. As the ruler?s prerogative occurs for the first time at the end of the 12th century, it is clear that this process had to have been completed by then. In the pre-state period Serbs had revenge and pacification of blood (godfatherhood), which were retained even after the state was established. In the state period the phenomenon of blood brothers occured as another form of pacification of blood. The existence of the system of composition payments can be proven indirectly. At the end of the 12th century the Old Serbian Law was created, which proscribed that the ruler tried for murder and theft of church property. This is the evidence that revenge disappeared in the meantime. Revenge and the system of composition payments remained legally valid ways of settling disputes in Bosnia until the end of the 15th century. As Bosnia was part of Serbia until the end of the 10th century, this implies that until that time revenge was a legally valid way of settling disputes in Serbia. This would mean that the abolishment of revenge and the transfer of this dispute to the competence of the ruler, when a blood debt was settled, which had been a remnant of the system of composition payments, occurred in the period between the end of the 10th century and the end of the 12th century, when it became part of the written law. As for the theft of church property, it must be said that the decisions of the Split (Spalatum) Assembly of 925 AD lead to the conclusion that the state accepted to regulate the theft of church property, which indicates that the mention of the theft of church property could have been the record of the ruler?s prerogative. Finally, it was noticed that at least one more felony - treason - had to be the regulated by the ruler?s prerogative. It was a felony that could be committed only against the ruler and the throne, for which the ruler himself tried the guilty party. Examples have proven that this is the oldest ruler?s prerogative and a presupposition was made that other forms of court orders were introduced after this model.

scholarly journals AN IMMORTAL POEM IN THE WORKS OF UKRAINIAN ARTISTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Petro Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
State Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Soviet School ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
First Time

Abstract. For the first time, the article highlights the continued interest of researchers and artists in the memorial of ancient Russian literature of the end of the 12th century, "The Tale of Igor’s Campaign" at the present stage. The peculiarities of the decoration of editions dedicated to the poem performed by domestic artists in the second half of XX — beginning of XXI centuries are investigated. The pearl of ancient Russian literature of the end of the XII century, «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign» does not leave many generations of its admirers indifferent. The 200 th anniversary of the release of the monument of Ukrainian culture has passed, and the interest in the «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign» has not subsided. The magic of this work continues to attract new researchers and artists. Anniversary dates helped to increase interest in the landmark. On the occasion of the 150 th anniversary of the first printing of the poem, J. Hnizdovsky in New York illustrated and artfully decorated the anniversary edition. A quarter of a century the design and illustrations for the poem were performed by Kyiv’s I. Selivanov. G. Yakutovich’s editions, created in the Dnipro publishing house as souvenirs, look like real masterpieces. The engravings of G. Yakutovich were already heard in another edition of «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign», which came out of print in the Kiev publishing house Veselka in 2008. In 1989, the publishing house «Soviet School» published a thorough edition of «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign», illustrations, layout and decoration of which were made by V. Lopata, and the editing and notes by O. Mishanych. The artist’s works are multifaceted in composition and imbued with special drama and symbolism with expression. Equally interesting was the 2015 edition, commissioned by the State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine under the Ukrainian Book program. Particularly noteworthy are the graphic works by V. Yefimov from Odessa and M. Bondarenko from Sumy region, who embodied their preferences and unique manners in the work on the poem.

scholarly journals Waqfs in the kazâs of Leskovac, Prokuplje, Kursumlija and Pirot in 18th and 19th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Dragana Amedoski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Real Property ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The topic of this work are muslim pious endowments, waqfs, introduced by Ottomans on the Balkans. The most intensive Muslim endowment activity on the territory of nowadays Southeast Serbia was noticed after final Ottoman conquest in the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 16th century. The aforementioned period is also the time when the reshaping of the existing Christian settlements into predominantly Muslim, Ottoman ones mainly took place. The Ottoman sources on the basis of which this institute in Serbia is presented, is new, unresearched so far and kept in the Ottoman archives of the Directorate of the State Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey in Istanbul. The source presents the 1839 census of endowments whose translation and comments are given in the attachment hereby. In the paper, I compared the sources on waqfs from the earlier period with the census from 1839. In this way, I was able to determine the changes that have occurred in the meantime, i.e. which endowments survived on the territory of the kaz?s of Leskovac, Prokuplje, Kursumlija and Pirot until the time of compiling this document. According to 1839 census I determined that at the time of the census there were a total of 70 waqfs in the area of today's Southeast Serbia, 36 of which waqfs were active in the Pirot kaz?, 10 in the Prokuplje kaz?, 21 in the Leskovac kaz? and three in the Kursumlija kaz?. These consist mainly of real property, including various facilities of religious, educational, public, communal structure.

scholarly journals On the Cult of Prince Andrey Bolshoy in Uglich and the Creation of his Life

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-506
Author(s):  
Elizaveta G. Sosnovtseva
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time

The article studies the local practice of the cult of Prince Andrey Bolshoy in Uglich, where he ruled during the last third of the 15th century. This work is based on data from the chronicles, especially the Uglich Chronicle of the 18th century; this is the primary source used in this study, and the most detailed information appears in the latest full versions, which date to the second half of the 18th century. These chronicles have “moved” the key biographical events of the last years of Prince Andrey’s life (his arrest and funeral) from Moscow to Uglich, which differs from other historical sources. According to the hagiography of Uglich saints, Prince Andrey was buried in the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Uglich Kremlin, not in the Cathedral of the Archangel in Moscow. The cult of Prince Andrey was mentioned for the first time in hagiographic writings, not only for saints who were contemporaries of Prince Andrey (SS. Paisius and Cassian), but also for saints who lived later (Prince Roman of Uglich and Tsarevich Dmitry of Uglich). It was only later, in the 18th century, that the unique copy of the Life of Prince Andrey appeared. This source is now held in the State Historical Museum in Moscow. The article shows how the text of the Life is connected with other hagiographic texts relating to Uglich.

Politični položaj na Slovenskem leta 1919

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (2) ◽  
pp. 359-394
Author(s):  
Jurij Perovšek
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
New Era ◽  
Party Organisation ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
First Time ◽  
Similar Development

For Slovenes in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes the year 1919 represented the final step to a new political beginning. With the end of the united all-Slovene liberal party organisation and the formation of separate liberal parties, the political party life faced a new era. Similar development was showing also in the Marxist camp. The Catholic camp was united. For the first time, Slovenes from all political camps took part in the state government politics and parliament work. They faced the diminishing of the independence, which was gained in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and the mutual fight for its preservation or abolition. This was the beginning of national-political separations in the later Yugoslav state. The year 1919 was characterized also by the establishment of the Slovene university and early occurrences of social discontent. A declaration about the new historical phenomenon – Bolshevism, had to be made. While the region of Prekmurje was integrated to the new state, the questions of the Western border and the situation with Carinthia were not resolved. For the Slovene history, the year 1919 presents a multi-transitional year.

Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminists Tackle Islamic and Jewish Oral Law: Maintenance and Rebellion of Wives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
First Time

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.

Mosses of the State Nature Reserve "Kurgalskiy" (Leningrad Region)

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-384
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
E. G. Ginzburg ◽  
L. E. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
The State ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Nature ◽  
Area Data

The paper provides the data on mosses of the State Nature Reserve ”Kurgalskiy” situated in the Kingisepp District of the Leningrad Region. The list includes 136 species. Among them Plagiothecium nemorale is new for the Leningrad Region, 83 species are recorded for the first time for the protected area, 12 species are protected in the region, Aulacomnium androgynum is protected in Russia. Of the protected species, Plagiothecium latebricola is recorded for the first time for the protected area. Data on habitats, substrates and frequency of every species are provided.

Development of Interethnic Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the First Decades after the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the 1940s and 1960s. The article is based on materials from the archives of BiH, Croatia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. The documents show the state of affairs in the Republic – both in the economy and in ideology. In one or another way, all of them reflect the level of tension in the interethnic relations. For the first time, the article presents the discussion on interethnic relations, on the new phenomenon in multinational Yugoslavia – the emergence of a new people in BiH under the name of “Muslim”. The term “Muslims” is used to define the ethnic identity of Bosniaks in the territory of BiH starting from the 1961 census.

The Influence of Islam on Albanian Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 389-408
Author(s):  
Fatmir Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Of Greece

This paper examines the influence of Islam on Albanian culture. The Islamization process of the Albanian culture was very crucial for the Albanians themselves as it gave them a new identity, which they lacked since their settlement on the Adriatic shores. According to history, Albanians, the biggest Muslim nation dwelling in the Balkans, South-East of Europe, are believed to be the descendents of the ancient Illyrians, who settled in Europe around 2500 years ago. They lived a social life based on tribalism, where every tribe had established its own cultural system and way of life. Thus, their cultural differences disallowed them to unite. Such situation did not change, even when Christianity was introduced to them. Because, Christianity came to Albania through two great dominations: Christian Catholics of Vatican (the Northern part of Albanian) and Christian Orthodox of Greece (the Southern part of Albania). The continuous religious and political suppression faced by the Albanians from their Byzantine and Latin masters enabled them to be the first people of the Balkans, who welcomed openheartedly the Ottoman Muslims and embraced Islam as their new way of life in the 15th century. The study focuses on the following issues: (1) Historical background of Albania and Albanians; (2) The genesis of Albanian culture; and (3) The process of integration between Islamic culture and Albanian culture. This research attempts to provide important findings, which will be very helpful to the Muslims and others.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

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