scholarly journals The Aletic Republic – A Fictional World as Inspiration for the Real World Beyond Borders

2021 ◽  
pp. 469-479
Author(s):  
Selim Özgür

In our everyday life, as we work or travel, we are always confronted with many kinds of borders: political ones when we travel to other countries, or cultural ones, when we meet people with different backgrounds or lifestyles. We generally take these borders as something natural or let alone as something sacrosanct. And although in the Western civilization, we are aware of the fact that we have big difficulties in accepting the other‘s point of view or her way of life, we rather reinforce the borders and isolate ourselves from influences alien for our traditional or so-called pristine world. How could people of different cultures, religions, or languages manage to live together in the most harmonic way possible? Music is one kind of art which inspires and unites people across borders, but so does imagination: The Aletic Republic as a fictional republic transcends a world from imagination into a tangible place full of persons, landscapes, stories, poetry, and moods.

Author(s):  
Anni Lappela

Mountains and City as Contrary Spaces in the Prose of Alisa Ganieva I analyze Alisa Ganieva’s novel Prazdnichnaia gora (2012) and her novella Salam tebe, Dalgat! (2010) from a geocritical (Westphal, Tally) point of view. Ganieva was born in 1985 in Moscow, but she grew up in Dagestan, in North Caucasia. Since 2002, she has lived in Moscow. All Ganieva’s novels are set in present-day Dagestan, not only in the capital Makhachkala but also in the countryside.  I study the ways the two main spaces and main milieus, the mountains and the city, oppose each other in Prazdnichnaia gora. I also analyze how this opposition constructs the utopian and dystopian discourses of the novel. In this high/low opposition, the mountains appear as the utopian place of a better future, and the city in the lowlands is depicted as a dystopian place of the present-day life. The texts’ multilayered time is also part of my analysis, which follows Westphal’s idea of the stratigraphy of time. Furthermore, the mountains are associated with the traditional way of life and the Soviet past. In this way, the mountains have two kinds of roles in the texts. Nevertheless, the city is a central element of the postcolonial dystopian discourse of Prazdnichnaia gora. In my opinion, Ganieva’s texts problematize referentiality, one of the key concepts of geocriticism. Whilst the city tends to be very referential, the mountains escape the referential relationship to the “real” geographical space.


spontaneously invented a name for the creature derived from the most prominent features of its anatomy: kamdopardalis [the normal Greek word for ‘giraffe*]. (10.27.1-4) It is worth spending a little time analysing what is going on in this passage. The first point to note is that an essential piece of information, the creature’s name, is not divulged until the last possible moment, after the description is completed. The information contained in the description itself is not imparted directly by the narrator to the reader. Instead it is chan­ nelled through the perceptions of the onlooking crowd. They have never seen a giraffe before, and the withholding of its name from the reader re-enacts their inability to put a word to what they see. From their point of view the creature is novel and alien: this is conveyed partly by the naive wonderment of the description, and partly by their attempts to control the new phenomenon by fitting it into familiar categories. Hence the comparisons with leopards, camels, lions, swans, ostriches, eyeliner and ships. Eventually they assert conceptual mastery over visual experience by coining a new word to name the animal, derived from the naively observed fea­ tures of its anatomy. However, their neologism is given in Greek (kamdopardalis), although elsewhere Heliodoros is scrupulously naturalistic in observing that Ethiopians speak Ethiopian. The reader is thus made to watch the giraffe from, as it were, inside the skull of a member of the Ethiopian crowd. The narration does not objectively describe what they saw but subjectively re­ enacts their ignorance, their perceptions and processes of thought. This mode of presentation, involving the suppression of an omniscient narrator in direct communication with the reader, has the effect that the reader is made to engage with the material with the same immediacy as the fictional audience within the frame of the story: it becomes, in imagination, as real for him as it is for them. But there is a double game going on, since the reader, as a real person in the real world, differs from the fictional audience inside the novel precisely in that he does know what a giraffe is. This assumption is implicit in the way the description is structured. If Heliodoros* primary aim had been to describe a giraffe for the benefit of an ignorant reader, he would surely have begun with the animal’s name, not withheld it. So for the reader the encounter


1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Laughton ◽  
Roger Ottewill

As part of their attempt to embed their teaching more firmly in the ‘real world’ of business, some university tutors have incorporated ‘commissioned’ or ‘live’ projects into their learning and teaching strategies. These projects enable students to make a direct contribution to their business clients while simultaneously fulfilling key educational objectives. Drawing on their experience of the use of commissioned projects on an MSc in International Business (MSclB) course, the authors analyse in detail both the potential benefits and the problems that arise in implementing such schemes. In this paper, they outline some of the key features of the MSclB course, focusing on the commissioned project component; indicate the reasons for using commissioned projects from the point of view of both tutors and students; describe and evaluate the methodology used to generate data for informing the identification and discussion of issues; and explore a number of key factors for tutors and students in the use of commissioned projects. The paper thus raises awareness of the nature of commissioned projects as a pedagogic tool and of what needs to be done if their contribution to the enhancement of students' understanding of the business world is to be maximized.


2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Ellen Hines

Functions are an important component in the study of mathematics (NCTM 1989, 2000). Learning about the concept of functions can be a natural way for students to “mathematize” the real-world relationships that they observe. Everyday life abounds with opportunities for students to observe and describe dynamic relationships that can be classified as functions.


1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Laura Chernaik

This article analyses an anti-essentialist SF novel, focusing on the extent to which anti-foundationalism enables a more accurate as well as a more productive representation of postmodernity. My argument stresses the ways in which Pat Cadigan's novel Synners, mostly because of its remarkable narrative form, challenges some of the most dangerous norms and normativity of American thought and culture. I argue, that, in order to understand this complex novel correctly, we must approach technoscience and transnational capitalism as separate, interacting discourses and material practices. The representations of technoscience, in the novel, are definitely not ‘figures’ for late capitalism: they are representations of a discourse which interacts with capitalism in the fictional world as in the real world. Contrary to what has been suggested by a number of critics writing about Foucault, use of this notion of discourse does not preclude use of notions of agency. As the queer theorists who have drawn on Foucault's work show, agency can be theorized in terms compatible with the notions of discourses, material practices and technologies. My discussion of Synners thus focuses on questions of agency, showing how Cadigan uses a deconstruction of Judeo-Christian religious tropes to argue for a responsible, and knowledgable, ‘incurably informed’ approach to technology.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Technium Editor-in-chief ◽  
Janos Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay

From the philosophical point of view, the real world is of stratified construction. It contains five main strata: the inorganic, the organic, the social, the intellectual and the spiritual one. The specific character of the respective strata is constituted by their governing principles, categories which are fundamental predicates related to the existing entity as such, determinants (definitenesses) but not simple intellectual concepts or statements. Biophysics, by virtue of its character, creates connections between the inorganic, organic and spiritual stratum searching for their regularities. The predicamental (categorical) laws may be of horizontal type, connecting fields within the same stratum, and of vertical type when they create connections between different strata. The biophysics is moving in vertical dimensions which, however is not characteristic for every borderline science. Biophysics is a border science which deals with physical processes taking place in the living organisms and systems as well as with tools and methods used of their study.


Author(s):  
BARTOLOMIEJ SKOWRON ◽  

From an ontological point of view, virtuality is generally considered a simulation: i.e. not a case of true being, and never more than an illusory copy, referring in each instance to its real original. It is treated as something imagined — and, phenomenologically speaking, as an intentional object. It is also often characterized as fictive. On the other hand, the virtual world itself is extremely rich, and thanks to new technologies is growing with unbelievable speed, so that it now influences the real world in quite unexpected ways. Thus, it is also sometimes considered real. In this paper, against those who would regard virtuality as fictional or as real, I claim that the virtual world straddles the boundary between these two ways of existence: that it becomes real. I appeal to Roman Ingarden’s existential ontology to show that virtual objects become existentially autonomous, and so can be attributed a form of actuality and causal efficaciousness. I conclude that the existential autonomy and actuality of virtual objects makes them count as real objects, but also means that they undergo a change in their mode of existence.


enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinatin Moseshvili

Each author happily writes about himself, about the difficulties encountered in writing, about literature, - we read in Roland Duhamel's book “The Poet in the Mirror: About Metaliterature” (Dichter im Spiegel: Über Metaliteratur) [Duhamel, 2001]. This is also the case with German-speaking Georgian migrant author Givi Margvelashvili. In a 2009 German-language novel, Givi Margvelashvili in his book “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” (“Der Kantakt, Aus den Lese-Lebenserfahrungen eines Stadtschreibers”), in parallel with his account of his life, experiences and work, shows the mystery of literary fiction and invites the reader into a metafictional game. Literary critic Patricia Waugh, who plays a special role in the study of metafiction, believes metafictional texts are those that deliberately refer to themselves as an artificial creation in order to raise questions about the relationship between fiction and reality. According to her concept, metafictional texts are created by an infinite linguistic game with the world, reality, fiction, narrative [Waugh, 1984]. In the present article we will try to review the novel “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” by Givi Margvelashvili, the main motives, elements or narrative techniques, characteristic of the metafictional literature, which show the metafictional nature of The Kantakt.It should be noted from the very beginning that Givi Margvelashvili's novel “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” is based on the artistic reality of the German writer Kurt Tucholsky’s - “Rheinsberg - A Picture Book for Lovers” (“Rheinsberg - Ein Bilderbuch für Verliebte”). The Kantakt is an intertextual game with a pretext. The latter appears in the work as a book in a book, which is one of the most common motifs in metafictional literature. Because Tucholsky’s work is often found in the Kantakt, the readers cannot forget it, therefore they constantly think about it, and even compare the pheno-text with the pretext. Naturally, there are many passages in the Kantakt in which we recognize intertextual metafiction.An important metafictional event in the novel is the transformation of the main character of the work - the first "City Writer" of the German city of Rheinsberg into a "reader" character. From the "real" world of the "City Writer" - from the second layer of the novel to the fictional world of the book - the first layer (the same as his own consciousness), the "transition" into the imaginary world blurs the line between "reality" and fiction. This is where one of the techniques of metafictional literature comes into play - metalepsis.The metafictionality of the novel is evidenced by the characters in the first layer, who are aware of their fictional existence. The aim of the "reader" is for the main characters of Kurt Tucholsky’s work to realize their fictional essence too. Because of this, he leaves a message to Claire and Wolf, which is written on a blank sheet of the same book the characters belong to: “This is your mirror-book. It accurately describes how you live through readers: everything you think, say and do here, you think, say and do in your reading-life” [Margvelashvili, 2009:461). In the work, the characters are presented as reading-creatures, whose lives depend on the reader and their imagination. The function of the characters also becomes a subject of discussion in the novel: "The characters in the book are committed to reflect the lives of real people, to serve people as a kind of reading-mirror" [Margvelashvili, 2009:200], - we read in Margvelashvili's novel.Based on the fragments of the life and memoirs of the "City Writer” scattered within the work, which coincide with the life and memoirs of Givi Margvelashvili, we can argue about the biographical auto-reflexivity in the work, which is also one of the forms of metafiction. It should also be noted that there are signs of autofiction in the Kantakt.In the Kantakt, as in most metafictional texts, the character, the reader, and the author are repeatedly thematized, as well as the act of writing, narrating, and reading. The language games in the novel also have a metafictional meaning. Auto-reflexive phrases and words reveal the fictional world of the book, through which often even a parallel is drawn between the fictional and the real world. Linguistic issues, including phonology, morphology, syntax, etc., are thematized and discussed in the Kantakt as a metafictional novel.Based on these and other examples discussed in the article, we can conclude that Givi Margvelashvili's “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” is a metafictional novel, revealing the fictitiousness of this work as well as other literary texts in general, primarily the pre-text of “Rheinsberg - A Picture Book for Lovers”.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Altair Pivovar

  RESUMO Assentado no pressuposto de que o ser humano se vê na contingência incessante de decidir como agir satisfatoriamente nos multifacetados espaços pelos quais se vê obrigado a circular, defende-se neste texto que a leitura se dá sempre a partir do ambiente em que o indivíduo se encontra, já que as condições do entorno são essenciais para que uma reação adequada à manutenção de sua existência possa ser tomada. Na esteira dessa compreensão, o texto procura demonstrar de que forma a sala de aula, por ter se tornado um ambiente repetitivo e que não dá condições ao sujeito de reagir ao meio, teria perdido o potencial para desenvolver a capacidade leitora das crianças, jovens e adultos que a frequentam. O texto propõe então que histórias em quadrinhos, desde que o trabalho não fique restrito às publicações oriundas da comunicação de massa, podem cumprir essa finalidade, proporcionando aos alunos o contato com obras que ofereçam sempre novos modos de organização do espaço ficcional, chamados de “protocolos de leitura”, que fazem as vezes da chamada leitura de mundo.     Palavras-chave: Leitura. Histórias em quadrinhos. Ensino-aprendizagem.     ABSTRACT   Supposing human beings constantly have to make expected decisions according to social conventions, the following paper is based on the idea that reading must reflect the environment where one lives since the contradictions of such environment are essential for a full life. Thus, it tries to show how classroom activities, as they have become repetitive and do not offer one the conditions to interact with the real world, have lost the potential to develop students’ reading capacity. It suggests that comic books, since the activity is not constrained to popular publications, can show students a new fictional point of view called “reading protocol”, which can be seen as a way of reading the world.     Keywords: Reading. Comic books. Teaching-learning.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Andrea González-López ◽  
Ramin Gholizadeh ◽  
Aliakbar M. Shirazi

Waiting lines or queues are commonly occurred both in everyday life and in a variety of business and industrial situations. The various arrival rates, service rates and processing times of jobs/tasks usually assumed are exact. However, the real world is complex and the complexity is due to the uncertainty. The queuing theory by using vague environment is described in this paper. To illustrate, the approach analytical results for M/M/1/8 and M/M/s/8 systems are presented. It optimizes queuing models such that the arrival rate and service rate are vague numbers. This paper results a new approach for queuing models in the vague environment that it can be more effective than deterministic queuing models. A numerical example is illustrated to check the validity of the proposed method.


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