scholarly journals LAJU INFEKSI PENYAKIT WHITE PLAGUE DAN WHITE BAND DISEASE DI PERAIRAN PULAU TIKUS, KOTA BENGKULU

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Dewi Purnama ◽  
Aradea Bujana Kusuma ◽  
Bertoka F. S. P Negara ◽  
Person Pesona Renta ◽  
Mulstory Wander Simarmata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
White Band ◽  
White Plague ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
White Band Disease ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
The Impact

Penyakit karang adalah gangguan terhadap kesehatan karang yang menyebabkan gangguan secara fisiologis bagi biota karang. Penyakit karang dapat memberikan dampak buruk terhadap proses pertumbuhan karang hingga dapat menyebabkan kematian karang disuatu perairan. Dampak dari penyakit karang terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang sangat besar, selain mengakibatkan kematian karang dalam skala yang luas, penyakit karang juga berdampak pada berkurangnya tingkat keanekaragaman sumberdaya alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis laju infeksi penyakit White Plague dan White Band Disease di perairan Pulau Tikus, Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Oktober 2019 di Perairan Pulau Tikus, Kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung di Lapangan. Hasil Penelitian ini didapatkan bentuk pertumbuhan yang terinfeksi penyakit White Plague di Perairan Pulau Tikus Kota Bengkulu adalah bentuk pertumbuhan karang Massive dan penyakit White Band Disease pada karang Acropora. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung di lapangan.Laju infeksi penyakit White Plague di perairan Pulau Tikus Kota Bengkulu adalah 0,009 - 0,023 cm/hari. Laju infeksi penyakit White Plague mengalami kenaikan setiap minggu dengan rata rata laju infeksi 0,015 cm/hari dan nilai laju infeksi penyakit White Band Disease yang terdapat pada karang Acropora di Perairan Pulau Tikus, Bengkulu yaitu 0,013 cm/hari – 0,030 cm/hari. Rata – rata yang diperoleh yaitu 0,024 cm/hari. Nilai laju infeksi karang menandakan bahwa sebagian besar kerusakan terumbu karang diakibatkan oleh penyakit karang.THE RATE OF WHITE PLAGUE AND WHITE BAND DISEASE IN TIKUS ISLAND, BENGKULU CITY. Coral disease is a disorder of coral health that causes physiological disruption to coral biota. The coral disease can adversely affect the coral growth process until it can lead to coral death in a waterway. The impact of coral disease on coral ecosystems is very large. In addition to resulting in coral death on a wide scale, a coral disease also affects natural resources' reduced diversity. This research aimed to determine and analyze the White Plague and White Band Disease's infection rate in Tikus Island, Bengkulu City. The research was conducted in September-October 2019, located in Tikus Island Water, Bengkulu City. The methods used in this study are direct survey, observation, and measurement methods in the Field. This study obtained a form of growth infected with White Plague disease in the Waters of Tikus Island Bengkulu City. The infection rate of White Plague Disease in Tikus Island was 0.009-0.023 cm/day. The quality of the condition of White Plague disease increased every week with an average infection rate of 0.015 cm/day, and the rate of infection rate of White Band Disease found in Acropora coral in the Waters of Tikus Island, Bengkulu which was 0.013 cm/day – 0.030 cm/day. The average obtained 0.024 cm/day. The coral infection rate indicates that most of the damage to coral reefs was caused by coral disease.

scholarly journals Experimental antibiotic treatment identifies potential pathogens of white band disease in the endangered Caribbean coral Acropora cervicornis

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1788) ◽  
pp. 20140094 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sweet ◽  
A. Croquer ◽  
J. C. Bythell
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Band ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
White Band Disease ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Coral diseases have been increasingly reported over the past few decades and are a major contributor to coral decline worldwide. The Caribbean, in particular, has been noted as a hotspot for coral disease, and the aptly named white syndromes have caused the decline of the dominant reef building corals throughout their range. White band disease (WBD) has been implicated in the dramatic loss of Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata since the 1970s, resulting in both species being listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red list. The causal agent of WBD remains unknown, although recent studies based on challenge experiments with filtrate from infected hosts concluded that the disease is probably caused by bacteria. Here, we report an experiment using four different antibiotic treatments, targeting different members of the disease-associated microbial community. Two antibiotics, ampicillin and paromomycin, arrested the disease completely, and by comparing with community shifts brought about by treatments that did not arrest the disease, we have identified the likely candidate causal agent or agents of WBD. Our interpretation of the experimental treatments is that one or a combination of up to three specific bacterial types, detected consistently in diseased corals but not detectable in healthy corals, are likely causal agents of WBD. In addition, a histophagous ciliate ( Philaster lucinda ) identical to that found consistently in association with white syndrome in Indo-Pacific acroporas was also consistently detected in all WBD samples and absent in healthy coral. Treatment with metronidazole reduced it to below detection limits, but did not arrest the disease. However, the microscopic disease signs changed, suggesting a secondary role in disease causation for this ciliate. In future studies to identify a causal agent of WBD via tests of Henle–Koch's postulates, it will be vital to experimentally control for populations of the other potential pathogens identified in this study.

scholarly journals PREVALENSI DAN JENIS PENYAKIT YANG MENGINFEKSI KARANG DI PERAIRAN PULAU ENGGANO BENGKULU

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Person Pesona Renta ◽  
Dewi Purnama ◽  
Bertoka Fajar Surya Prawira Negara ◽  
Dwi Ari Yasinto Rahmantyo ◽  
Nico Deodatus Adhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Yellow Band ◽  
White Spots ◽  
White Band ◽  
White Plague ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Belt Transect

Penyakit karang merupakan salah satu permasalahan ekosistem terumbu karang yang diakibatkan oleh manusia. Penyakit karang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas dan daya imun karang yang ditandai dengan terhambatnya laju pertumbuhan pada karang dan berdampak pada matinya karang di suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis penyakit dan bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang sering terinfeksi penyakit serta menganalisis prevalensi penyakit karang di Perairan Pulau Enggano, Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Pengambilan data penyakit karang dengan metode transek sabuk (Belt Transect). Hasil penelitian didapatkn 9 jenis penyakit yang ditemukan di Pulau Enggano, yaitu Yellow Band Desease, Black Band Desease, White Band Desease, Red Band Desease, Dark Plague,  White Plague, Pink Plotch, dan Ulcerative White Spots,  serta White Spot. Sedangkan bentuk pertumbuhan (lifeform) karang yang terinfeksi adalah Coral Massive dan Acropora Branching. Tingkat prevelensi karang tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi Kahabi, sedangkan terendah pada Pulau Dua di bagian windward. Tingginya tingkat prevalensi di Kahabi dimungkinkan karena tingginya kedalaman di lokasi tersebut. Rendahnya tingkat prevalensi karang pada Pulau Dua di sisi windward dimungkinkan karena pada sisi ini merupakan daerah yang terkena arus tiap saat, sehingga membantu karang dalam membersihkan sedimen yang menempel pada permukaan yang dimungkinkan membawa bakteri penyebab penyakit karang.CORAL DISEASE PREVALENCE IN ENGGANO ISLAND, BENGKULU. Coral disease is one of the coral reef ecosystem problems caused by humans. Coral disease causes a decrease in the quality and immunity of corals characterized by stunted growth rates on corals and impacts on the death of corals in waters. This study aims to identify the types of coral disease and coral lifeform that are often infected and analyze the prevalence of coral disease in Enggano Island Waters, Bengkulu. This research used survey method. Coral disease data were obtained using the belt transect method. The results obtained 9 types of coral diseases found on Enggano Island, namely Yellow Band Desease, Black Band Desease, White Band Desease, Red Band Desease, Dark Plague, White Plague, Pink Plotch, and Ulcerative White Spots, and White Spot. While infected lifeforms were Coral Massive and Acropora Branching. The highest level of coral prevalence was at the Kahabi site, while the lowest was on Pulau Dua in the windward area. The high prevalence rate in Kahabi might be due to the high depth at the location. The low level of coral prevalence on Pulau Dua on the windward side might be caused by being exposed to the current at any time, thus helping the coral in cleaning sediments attached to the surface which could carry the bacteria that cause coral disease.

scholarly journals Zooplankton as a potential vector for white band disease transmission in the endangered coral,Acropora cervicornis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Certner ◽  
Amanda M. Dwyer ◽  
Mark R. Patterson ◽  
Steven V. Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bocas Del Toro ◽  
White Band ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
White Band Disease ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Coral diseases are a leading factor contributing to the global decline of coral reefs, and yet mechanisms of disease transmission remain poorly understood. This study tested whether zooplankton can act as a vector for white band disease (WBD) inAcropora cervicornis. Natural zooplankton communities were collected from a coral reef in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Half of the zooplankton were treated with antibiotics for 24 h after which the antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated zooplankton were incubated with either seawater or tissue homogenates from corals exhibiting WBD-like symptoms. A total of 15 of the 30 asymptomaticA. cervicorniscolonies exposed to zooplankton incubated in disease homogenate in tank-based experiments showed signs of WBD, regardless of prior antibiotic incubation. These results indicate that in our experimental conditions zooplankton were a vector for coral disease after exposure to disease-causing pathogens. Given the importance of heterotrophy on zooplankton to coral nutrition, this potential mode of disease transmission warrants further investigation.

Coral disease prevalence and coral health in the Wakatobi Marine Park, south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haapkylä ◽  
A.S. Seymour ◽  
J. Trebilco ◽  
D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Spot Disease ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Impact

This is the first study on coral diseases in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP), south-east Sulawesi. It aimed to provide baseline knowledge of coral disease prevalence and coral health in this remote region. Results indicate a low disease prevalence of 0.57% with only two known diseases occurring within the sampling unit, white syndrome (0.42%) and tumours (0.15%). They affected 15 taxonomic groups from a total of 32 taxonomic groups. The presence of black-band disease (BBD), skeletal eroding band (SEB) disease and Porites ulcerative white spot disease (PUWSD) was identified outside the study area. A large number of corals were affected by previously undescribed conditions (9.7% of colonies). The impact of lesions named as green spot, green band, pigmented spot, and flatworm infestation is not known and represents an important area for future studies.

scholarly journals Kondisi Kesehatan Karang Genus Porites di Perairan Jemeluk dan Penuktukan-Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Febbi Mellani ◽  
I Gede Hendrawan ◽  
Widiastuti Karim
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Plague ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Coral Health

This research was conducted to determine the coral health condition of genus Porites at Jemeluk beach and Penuktukan beach with the different of reef geomorphology. Coral reef data was collected  for two days in Jemeluk beach (reef flats) in March 2017 and in Penuktukan beach (reef slope) in April 2017. Each observation location consisted of 3 stations parallel to the coastline. Observation of coral health data using belt transect method size 2 x 25 m with width of 1 meter each to left and right side. Photo documentation was performed on coral reefs of Porites and subsequently identified the types of diseases and forms of health problems using Coral Disease Handbook, Guidelines for Assessment, Monitoring and Management. The types of coral diseases found in both beaches are ulcerative white spot and white plague. The number of dominant colonies that infected with the disease was found on Jemeluk beach which has coastal morphology of coral reefs. The coral health conditions of the genus Porites found on Jemeluk and Penuktukan beaches are in an unhealthy condition. Compromised health is dominant in Jemeluk beach, this is estimated to be caused by the presence of river flow at observation sites which  is relatively high. In addition, the coral reef morphology in Jemeluk beach is reef flat causing the reefs in this area to be more susceptible to damage.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF THE QUALITY OF NANOMATERIALS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CIRCULATING RESOURCES IN CONSTRUCTION

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
S. Plehanova ◽  
N. Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disad Vantage

the advantage of the equality indicator is the relative simplicity of definition and the possibility of periodic moni-toring. According to the equality indicator, it is possible to assign repairs and predict the service life, assess the condition of the road surface. Experimental studies have proved that there is a connection between the evenness of the coating and the strength of the pavement, which opens up the possibility of determining the structural strength of non-rigid pavement, which provides a given evenness of the coating for the last year of operation be-fore major repairs. The question of assessing the impact of the unevenness of the road surface on the processes of development and accumulation of deformations, changes in the evenness of the coating during operation remain largely open. This is due to the multifactorial nature of the problem of predicting the equality of coverage, so it is advisable to use approaches based on direct measurement methods. Most of the existing models of interaction of a pneumatic or rigid wheel with a coating are designed for problems of pavement mechanics or car theory, therefore they cannot be unambiguously applied to determine the value of the dynamism coefficient. A significant disad-vantage of these solutions is insufficient consideration of the deformative properties (modulus of elasticity) of the pavement.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of White-Plague Coral Disease in Climate Change Scenarios

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e1004151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Zvuloni ◽  
Yael Artzy-Randrup ◽  
Guy Katriel ◽  
Yossi Loya ◽  
Lewi Stone
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
White Plague ◽  
The Impact

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

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