APPLICATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND ITS MIXTURES AS A STIMULATOR OF SEED GERMINATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Chursinov ◽  
E. S. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Productivity Potential

The intensification of the germination of seed material of different crops is a promising direction for improving agricultural technologies. The use of safe and highly effective germination activators allows to accelerate the biological processes of plant growth, to reveal the productivity potential inherent in each variety. Increasing the rates, such as energy and germination, significantly increase crop yields. The scientific work objective was to expand the range of universal crop growth stimulants that would be able to provide uniform germination, increased energy and the ability to germinate seed material, as well as shorten the period from sowing to seedlings. The use of organic acids is proposed: nicotinic (3-pyridinecarboxylic), folic (pteroylglutamic), succinic (butanedioic) with a given concentration of active substances. This technological solution allows to intensify the processes of seed germination of various crops. The presented organic acids and their solutions are recommended to be used in pre-sowing treatment of seeds by spraying or one-time soaking in aqueous solutions of these acids. The studies were carried out on the base of the scientific and production laboratory for determining the quality of grain and grain products of the Dnepropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University. The studied growth stimulants have established themselves as substances with a stable effect and low toxicity. They can be used both in crop production in pre-sowing seed treatment in order to intensify growth, and for the production of germinated grain in the production technologies of alcohol, beer, mono-and polysalt malt extracts in order to obtain malt.

scholarly journals Effect Of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments With Silicon Nanoparticles On Germinability Of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nano Silicon ◽  
Sowing Seed

AbstractSilicon is one of the most widespread macro elements that have beneficial effects on plant growth. Although its positive effects on plant growth and development have been widely considered, little information is available about possibility of nano-silicon utilization in seed invigoration treatments. Enhanced seed germination may lead to improved stand establishment and it can play important role in successful crop production. Partial hydration of the seeds followed by dehydration in a controlled environment often results in rapid seed germination and more uniform seedling emergence compared to untreated seeds. In the present study, the effect of seed soaking in different concentration nano-silicon solutions (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 mM for 8 h) on germination characteristics of sunflower was investigated. Seed soaking in low concentration nano-silicon solutions (0.2 and 0.4 mM) significantly reduced days to 50% germination and mean germination time and improved root length, mean daily germination, seedling vigour index and final germination percentage. These results suggest that the incorporation of nano-silicon in priming solution, in an appropriate concentration, remarkably enhances germination performance and causes an effective invigoration of the seedling. These results underline the importance of pre-sowing seed soaking in diluted nano-silicon solutions for improving the germinability of sunflower.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO2and temperature on seed quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. HAMPTON ◽  
B. BOELT ◽  
M. P. ROLSTON ◽  
T. G. CHASTAIN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Vigour

SUMMARYSuccessful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. By 2050 global climate change will have influenced crop yields, but will these changes affect seed quality? The present review examines the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature during seed production on three seed quality components: seed mass, germination and seed vigour.In response to elevated CO2, seed mass has been reported to both increase and decrease in C3plants, but not change in C4plants. Increases are greater in legumes than non-legumes, and there is considerable variation among species. Seed mass increases may result in a decrease of seed nitrogen (N) concentration in non-legumes. Increasing temperature may decrease seed mass because of an accelerated growth rate and reduced seed filling duration, but lower seed mass does not necessarily reduce seed germination or vigour.Like seed mass, reported seed germination responses to elevated CO2have been variable. The reported changes in seed C/N ratio can decrease seed protein content which may eventually lead to reduced viability. Conversely, increased ethylene production may stimulate germination in some species. High-temperature stress before developing seeds reach physiological maturity (PM) can reduce germination by inhibiting the ability of the plant to supply the assimilates necessary to synthesize the storage compounds required for germination.Nothing is known concerning the effects of elevated CO2on seed vigour. However, seed vigour can be reduced by high-temperature stress both before and after PM. High temperatures induce or increase the physiological deterioration of seeds. Limited evidence suggests that only short periods of high-temperature stress at critical seed development stages are required to reduce seed vigour, but further research is required.The predicted environmental changes will lead to losses of seed quality, particularly for seed vigour and possibly germination. The seed industry will need to consider management changes to minimize the risk of this occurring.

scholarly journals Smart technologies and robotic means in agricultural production

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-538
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Izmaylov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Smart Technologies

A necessary condition for a sharp increase in production is the introduction of digital smart technologies. With the use of digital technologies, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in labor productivity and crop yields, reduce energy and material costs. Digital machine technologies should be used in crop production, animal husbandry, power engineering, storage and processing of agricultural products. The effective production development requires a comprehensive system of management of agricultural enterprises, which, based on the obtained data, will ensure timely and correct processing. In digital machines and agricultural technologies, four main areas can be identified: monitoring of environment and parameters of processes; transmission and storage of information; artificial intelligence and cloud technologies; implementation of management decisions by robotic technical means. The main objects of monitoring are soils, plants, animals, weather and climatic conditions, technical means, and technological processes. Ground and air monitoring tools receive and transmit real-time data to the cloud platform. Artificial intelligence optimizes technological operations and gives a command to the actuators using the monitoring data.

Theoretical Prerequisites for Subsurface Broadcast Seeding of Grain Crops in the Conditions of Pneumatic Seed Transportation to the Coulters

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-64
Author(s):  
Sergey Senkevich ◽  
Pavel Aleksandrovich Ivanov ◽  
Pavel Vladimirovich Lavrukhin ◽  
Zarifdzhan Yuldashev
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Field Area

Only 30-40% of the plant productivity potential is realized in crop production technologies, which leads to a situation where the growth of field yields lags behind the growth of production costs. Increasing the realization of the productivity potential of cultivated plants is a way to improve the efficiency of the crop industry. The task of sowing machines is the uniform placement of seeds on the field area, while plants get their living space and, accordingly, form a crop. The practice of using such working bodies has shown that to achieve the necessary seeding regimes under the coulter elements, the use of additional sources of kinetic energy is required.

GRAINS BIOACTIVATION WITH USING OF FRUIT ACIDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Chursinov ◽  
E. S. Kovaleva ◽  
V. S. Koshulko ◽  
V. S. Kalina ◽  
V. M. Prishedko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Grain Surface ◽  
Fruit Acids

Bioactivation of different crops grain is a promising area for improving agricultural technologies. Safe and highly effective bioactivators accelerate biological processes in grain, which must be taken into account when using it in feeding farm animals. The scientific work objective was the selection of safe bioactivators that would not have a negative effect on animals. The use of organic acids was proposed such as citric, malic and grape with a given concentration of active substances. This technological solution allows to intensify the biological processes in the grain material, namely, to cause the enzymatic depolymerization of grain or the crops germination intended for animal feeding. In addition, fruit acids partially disinfect the grain surface and inhibit the development of pathogenic microflora. The presented organic acids and their solutions are recommended for processing grain before feeding, by spraying or one-time soaking in aqueous solutions of these acids. The studies were carried out on the basis of the scientific and production laboratory for determining the quality of grain and grain products of the Dnieper State Agrarian and Economic University. Growth stimulants were characterized by a stable effect and low toxicity. They can be used both in agriculture and in the bioactivated grain production for other technologies.

scholarly journals Ефективність проростання насіння ріпаку при передпосівному опроміненні його УФ-випроміненням різного спектрального складу

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
А. О. Семенов ◽  
Г. М. Кожушко ◽  
Т. В. Сахно
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Seed Irradiation ◽  
Sowing Seed

У роботі досліджено вплив трьох різних областей С (200–280 нм), В (280–320 нм) та А (320м400 нм) ультрафіолетового опромінення насіння. Встановлено, що УФ-випромінювання, незалежно від спектрального діапазону, позитивно впливає на біологічні процеси: енергія проростання, здатність до проростання та схожість насіння для області С більша на 5–11%, у порівнянні з УФ областями А і В, за однакових доз УФ-опромінювання. One of the main tasks of the agricultural complex is to increase the quantity and quality of crop production. Great interest in stimulating growth and increasing the resistance of plants to external factors and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops is the use of optical radiation – pre-sowing processing of seeds of crops by ultraviolet radiation. The effect of three different regions C (200–280 nm), B (280–320 nm) and A (320–400 nm) of ultraviolet irradiation of seeds was investigated. It is established that UV irradiation irrespective of the spectral range positively affects biological processes: germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination. The energy of germination, the capacity to germinate and the germination of seeds were determined in laboratory conditions. These indices were compared for seeds irradiated in different energy regions A, B, C of ultraviolet radiation at the same radiation dose of 120 J/m2 with control samples (without irradiation). Investigations of germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination showed that UV irradiation in different energy regions A, B, C at doses of 120 J/m2 positively affects rape seeds, as the germination energy increases by 23–31 %, the capacity to sprouting by 14–25 %, and the similarity increases by 8–17 %. In addition, studies at similar doses of UV irradiation show that the germination energy for the C region is 5–8 % higher in comparison with the UV regions A and B, while the germination capacity for the C region is greater by 9–11 %, and the similarity for region C is large by 9.2 % compared with region B, and by 6.6 in comparison with region A. Comparing the effect of the energy regions of different UV ranges on pre-sowing seed irradiation, it can be stated that UV irradiation irrespective of the spectral range positively affects the germination energy, germination capacity and seed germination.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of OsbZIP09 Target Genes in Rice Reveal Its Mechanism of Controlling Seed Germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chao Zhu ◽  
Chu-Xin Wang ◽  
Chen-Ya Lu ◽  
Jin-Dong Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Rice Seed

Seed dormancy and germination are key events in plant development and are critical for crop production, and defects in seed germination or the inappropriate release of seed dormancy cause substantial losses in crop yields. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population, and preharvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most severe problems in rice production, due to a low level of seed dormancy, especially under warm and damp conditions. Therefore, PHS leads to yield loss and a decrease in rice quality and vitality. We reveal that mutation of OsbZIP09 inhibited rice PHS. Analysis of the expression of OsbZIP09 and its encoded protein sequence and structure indicated that OsbZIP09 is a typical bZIP transcription factor that contains conserved bZIP domains, and its expression is induced by ABA. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analyses were performed and 52 key direct targets of OsbZIP09 were identified, including OsLOX2 and Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) family genes, which are involved in controlling seed germination. Most of these key targets showed consistent changes in expression in response to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and OsbZIP09 mutation. The data characterize a number of key target genes that are directly regulated by OsbZIP09 and contribute to revealing the molecular mechanism that underlies how OsbZIP09 controls rice seed germination.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

Dynamics of Farm Power Sources and their Availability in Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM K. SUNDARAM ◽  
BIKAS SARKAR ◽  
PAWAN JEET ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR PATEL ◽  
ANUKUL P ANURAG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
National Average ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
North Western

The production levels of agriculture have remained low in eastern region of India mainly due to lack of location-specific production technologies, natural calamities like floods, water logging, drought, inadequate timely supply of critical inputs and social constraints. Bihar is one of the important agrarian states of Eastern India. The crop yields are low and almost stagnating in Bihar compared to the north-western and other parts of the country. To improve the productivity in this region mechanization of farms is of critical importance. The farm power availability in Bihar in 2017 is 2.80 kW/ha and is more than the national average of 2.03 kW/ha. Still there are 14 districts in Bihar which is below national average. The number of marginal farmers has increased from 84.18 to 91.21 during 2014-17, an increase of 7.03 percent. Increase in Small and fragmented land will further hindrance the farm mechanization process. The present study was conducted to understand dynamics of farm power availability in Bihar, so as to take substantial measures for improved mechanization and in turn crop productivity in the region.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Miao ◽  
Xuesong Lin ◽  
Wanzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

AbstractAs the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.

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