scholarly journals Maritime container terminal service quality in the face of COVID-19 outbreak

Pomorstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Charłampowicz
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
The Face ◽  
Maritime Container Terminal ◽  
Key Aspects

The COVID-19 pandemic had a serious impact on global trade in 2020. The interruption of the supply chains due to various restrictions influenced the rapid drop in the transport demand. In the last decade, the global containerized trade has noted the growth of approximately 55,5%, with an average pace of growth of about 5% yearly. Container shipping, as one of the industries vulnerable to economic shocks, has noted a significant drop in trade. The role of maritime container terminals as an integrator and facilitator of global trade in the global supply chains is undisputed. Therefore, the role of services provided by the maritime container terminals has grown in importance. This situation generates the necessity to adapt to these circumstances in a way that expresses the need of improving the service quality, as one of the key aspects of competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to determine the possibility to verify the relation between COVID-19 impacts on maritime container transport and maritime container terminal service quality. Based on the findings the suggested actions for service quality improvement are proposed.

Intelligent Control for Container Terminal AGV

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Masanori Ito ◽  
◽  
Feifei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
And Control

The world's container cargo trading is increasing daily, and the role of the container terminal is becoming more important as the center of cargo transportation. In Japan, new container terminals being constructed face very severe competition with larger, cheaper terminals so they must handle cargo more efficiently and cheaply. To cope, handling systems such as container cranes, yard cranes, and conveyers are being automated to enable unattended operation unloading and loading schedule planning, etc., are being computerized. In these system, crane automation and control computerization are already generalized, but automatic control of container conveyers is not completed yet. The container conveyer -15m long, 4m wide, and 1.5m high - picks up containers from container ships with a container crane and hauls them to the shift yard for release to the yard crane. Both crane are operated automatically, so the conveyer must stop at the desired position within a permissible error of ±7.5cm, and run on a predetermined course and speed. Collision avoidance is required because many vehicles oparate on the same course. The automated guided vehicle (AGV) system, which is diesel-driven, 4WS and 4WD, was thought to be effective, but container weights very widely, as do road conditions which depend on weather, so conventional control is not sufficient to maintain the required accuracy. We applied learning control to maintain the desired course and for stopping at the desired position. Speed was controlled, conventionally. The system's applicability was confirmed with computer simulation and vehicle performance testing. This system will be used at the Kawasaki container terminal in 1999 and we are currently working on improving performance.

scholarly journals Digital maritime container terminal - an element of digitalization of container transportation systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Elena Koroleva ◽  
Sergey Sokolov ◽  
Irina Makashina ◽  
Evgeniya Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Container Terminal ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Maritime Container Terminal ◽  
Large Container

Sea container terminals are an important infrastructure element in the global supply chain. An increase in the number and size of container ships, as well as an increase in container traffic, led to the expansion of sea container terminals and an increase in their capacity. Extra-large container vessels require more handling equipment, as well as more storage space for containers, and increased throughput capacity for supporting infrastructures. To solve these complex problems in a global competition, the search for integrated effective solutions is required. The article proposes a solution to the integrated digitalization of the sea container terminal.

scholarly journals Container terminals competitive factors – results of an international survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Adam Kaliszewski ◽  
Arkadiusz Kozłowski ◽  
Janusz Dąbrowski ◽  
Hanna Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Container Port ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Port Development

Container terminals require continuous benchmarking of competitiveness factors. This paper discusses factors of competitiveness with a main focus on feeder and mixed terminals (in which both feeder and transshipment services are provided). Method statement includes an economic literature review with respect to competitiveness factors and a container port expert survey process to achieve a list of most important factors among global container port operators. Experts were selected from different countries and private container terminals. A questionnaire was developed and sent online to them. Questions required both a ranking of factors as well as assigning monetary values to critical variables. Responses were analyzed using a pre-established strategy. Overall, experts ranked first the role of market related competitiveness factors related to service quality, price level and adaptability to the changing market environment. Intermodal links and general hinterland connections factors were more often mentioned than factors relating to nautical accessibility or other factors. Both assignment of monetary values as well as ranking have produced mutually coherent results. The paper does not claim to be definitive; it aims to provide an update of competitive factors hierarchy and highlights issues for further port development.

Transshipment Modeling and Simulation of Container Port Terminals

2013 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Roşca ◽  
Şerban Raicu ◽  
Mircea Augustin Roşca ◽  
Ştefan Burciu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Maritime Container Terminal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Characteristics

The growth of containerization and transporting goods in containers has generated capacity and equipment allocation problems in maritime ports. Container terminals represent complex systems with dynamic interactions between the various handling, transportation and storage units, and uncertainties about future events. Maritime container terminal operates at full capacity if the arrival of vessels to berth is uniform according to its capacity and equipment operating at constant parameters. Since there are random factors both on the arrival of ships and on the operation of equipments, the paper analyzes the influence of these factors on the terminal capacity. Therefore, we proposed a generic simulation model structure for the comparative assessment of the measures of performance of maritime terminal in ideal conditions (without perturbations in the terminal operation) and in different statistical assumptions of vessels inflows to berth and number of containers to unload per vessel. Based on event driven and virtual reality technology, the handling technology simulation model is developed using ARENA simulation software. The model is set-up by combining three basic functions: transport, transfer, and stacking. The transport activity is assumed by the flows of the container vessels and trucks. Different characteristics of the arrival flows are assumed (intervals between transport units, number of containers to unload). Quay cranes provide the container transfer. The stacking areas consist in one capacity area on the quay for the quick transfer on trucks. The simulation results lead to the conclusion that it can be achieved berth high occupancy and minimization of vessels waiting time at the port if the vessels inflows follow a distribution with small variance around the ideal value.

scholarly journals Management of cargo flow processes at a maritime terminal container with the use of information systems of the TOS type

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Daria Kubowicz
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Gantry Crane ◽  
Automated Guided Vehicle ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Maritime Container Terminal

The article explains and discusses the logistic processes occuring inside a maritime container terminal. The processes relate to import as well as export of the goods. A brief characteristisc of the handling equipment, such as: Automated Guided Vehicle, Rail Mounted Gantry Crane, Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane and Ship-to-shore crane has been carried out. During the internal transportation of the containers within the terminal, all the procedures must integrate together. Due to large number of processes taking place in terminals, they base on operating systems such as: Terminal Operating Systems. The characteristics of TOS operating in polish container terminals has been performed. The TOS are IT tools facilitating management of the terminal and leading to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of the article is to highlight advantages and benefits of using systems such as TOS..

scholarly journals Spatial Evolution of the European Container Ports’ System in Perspective of the Location Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 01016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina A. Krośnicka
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Model ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Location Theory ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Spatial Evolution ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Transportation Corridors ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Maritime Container Terminal ◽  
Dendritic Shape

The maritime container terminal is no longer a spatially coherent object. Functionally it ends, where their most external components are located. The process of location splitting of container terminals (ger. Standortspaltung) can be treated as next stage of their discrete growth. The new container facilities are being built to improve the containers’ flow, passing from port terminals to cities situated in their hinterland and vice versa. The external components of container terminals have a very diverse program, are functionally complex, and due to advanced technologies of information and logistics they are interconnected into one system. The structure of the functional bindings of a maritime container terminal could be compared to the dendritic shape of a neuron, the kernel of which is a terminal, and the arms are transportation corridors ended with distant land intermodal terminals. The physical feature of this system is the logistics landscape with vast areas and large cubature. The aim of the paper is to present the graphical model explaining the changes in distribution and hierarchy of container terminals’ external elements in relation to the network of cities and transportation.

scholarly journals PLANNING ORGANIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY SIMULATION TOOL FOR MARITIME CONTAINER TERMINALS

Transport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Beškovnik ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Maritime Container Terminal

The article describes a proposed planning organization and productivity simulation tool, with a special emphasis on orientations to the optimization of operations in a maritime container terminal. With the application of an adequate model frame for traffic and technical‐technologic forecasting, infrastructure and manpower planning and productivity simulation are possible to measure and increase the productivity in the whole subsystem of the maritime container terminal. The emphasis is mainly put on setting up planning organization in order to collect important information and consequently to raise productivity. This is the main task and goal of terminal management that must develop elements and strategies for optimal operational and financial production. An adequate planning structure must use simplified but efficient simulation tools enabling owners and management to take a vast number of adequate financial and operational decisions. Considering all important and very dynamic facts in container and shipping industry, the proposed simulation tool gives a helpful instrument for checking productivity and its time variation and monitoring a competitive position of a certain maritime terminal with the terminals from the same group. Therefore, the management of every maritime container terminal must establish an appropriate internal planning system as a mechanism for strategic decision support relating basically to the assessment of the best development and optimization solutions for the infrastructure and suprastructure of the entire system.

scholarly journals The Role of Liner Shipping Services in Small and Medium Sized

Economics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Bagrat Devadze Bagrat Devadze
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
General Cargo ◽  
East West

The Liner services provides regular shipments of goods between ports within the set timeframe. A fixed route, the obligation of receiving cargo and to go to sea with established schedule distinguishes line service from the sea transportation of bulk cargo. Containerization, establishment and improvement of routes and infrastructure helped liner shipping to become the driving force of Global economy, which supports the growth of international trade, development of different business forms such as mainly small and medium sized businesses. The shipment volume of containerized cargo was 37.1 M.TEU in 1994, by 2020 the figure reached up to 143.3 M.TEU. This indicator was growing at a high rate on East-West route during 1990-2016; In terms of North-South, South-South and intraregional route same measure was high between 1990-2004 years. Afterwards, Abovementioned growth has become more stable. Containerization changed the structure of Liner fleet. If general cargo vessels deadweight was growing during 1970-2010 (From 40.5M Dwt to 99.7M Dwt), in the latest 10 years, the tonnage has been decreasing and as for 2020 it was 74.6M Dwt. In exchange for this the number of container ships have been growing consistently and in 2020 it consisted of 274.7M Dwt. Maersk became the largest line operator since 2001 (with a market share of 9.4%) and by 2020 it’s share of the business has grown to 17%. The company owns container terminals worldwide, including the Poti container terminal. MSC is on second place (9.4% market share), COSCO is on third place (12.4%) and CMA CGM takes forth place (11.8%). Keywords: Liner Shipping Services, Containerization, East–West routes, North–South routes, Intraregional routes, General cargo ship, Containership, Liner operator, Container port.

scholarly journals The Role of Awareness for Complex Planning Task Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Lukosch ◽  
Daan Groen ◽  
Shalini Kurapati ◽  
Roland Klemke ◽  
Alexander Verbraeck
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Integrated Planning ◽  
Container Terminal Operations ◽  
Planning Task

This study introduces the concept of microgames to support situated learning in order to foster situational awareness (SA) of planners in seaport container terminals. In today's complex working environments, it is often difficult to develop the required level of understanding of a given situation, described as situational awareness. A container terminal represents an important, complex node in the multimodal transportation of goods. Many operations have to be planned in order to ensure a high performance of the whole system. To evaluate the relation between SA and planning task performance, the authors conducted tests with 142 participants. They evaluated the role of SA in integrated planning activities, and the playability and usefulness of the microgame. In conclusion, the authors can state that SA is very conducive to integrated planning tasks in container terminal operations. The microgame approach allows for an enjoyable game activity, while providing a meaningful situated learning experience towards SA.

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