scholarly journals Uveitis [Only for Educational Purpose]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattatreya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
General Term ◽  
Educational Purpose ◽  
Eye Tissues ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
White Part

Uveitis is a general term describing a group of inflammatory diseases that produces swelling anddestroys eye tissues. These diseases can slightly reduce vision or lead to severe vision loss.The uvea is the middle layer of the eye. It lies beneath the white part of the eye (the sclera). It ismade of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. These structures control many eye functions,including adjusting to different levels of light or distances of objects. The term “uveitis” is used because the diseases often affect a part of the eye called the uvea.Nevertheless, uveitis is not limited to the uvea. These diseases also affect the lens, retina, opticnerve, and vitreous, producing reduced vision or blindness.It is characterized as seen in young adults with both eyes affected to it, mostly recurrent and cancause blindness.Uveitis may be caused by problems or diseases occurring in the eye or it can be part of aninflammatory disease affecting other parts of the body.It can happen at all ages and primarily affects people between 20-60 years old.Uveitis can last for a short (acute) or a long (chronic) time. The severest forms of uveitis reoccurmany times.

Attentional processing of information related to illness: Biases and associations with emotional response in young adults with different levels of illness anxiety

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532096743
Author(s):  
Chrysanthi Leonidou ◽  
Georgia Panayiotou
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Illness Anxiety ◽  
Different Levels

This study investigated attentional processing of illness-related information and associations with emotional reactivity. 100 young adults with low to high illness anxiety levels underwent free and cued viewing tasks, while eye-tracking and emotional reactivity were recorded. During free viewing, participants showed early orienting bias and sustained vigilance bias toward illness vs neutral pictures. Increased illness anxiety predicted vigilance bias to illness vs fearful pictures. During cued viewing, participants showed avoidance bias for illness vs neutral pictures, predicted by greater cardiac acceleration. Task nature appears to influence attentional processing patterns of illness stimuli. Preliminary evidence supports that attention allocation may be an emotion regulation mechanism.

scholarly journals Role of Vascular Adaptation in Determining Systolic Blood Pressure in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Yu ◽  
Jessica E. Middlemiss ◽  
Chiara Nardin ◽  
Stacey S. Hickson ◽  
Karen L. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Vessel Structure ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Forearm Vascular Resistance

Background Two individuals can have a similar pulse pressure ( PP ) but different levels of systolic blood pressure ( SBP ), although the underlying mechanisms have not been described. We hypothesized that, for a given level of PP , differences in SBP relate to peripheral vascular resistance ( PVR ); and we tested this hypothesis in a large cohort of healthy young adults. Methods and Results Demographic, biochemical, and hemodynamic data from 3103 subjects were available for the current analyses. In both men and women, for a given level of PP , higher SBP was associated with significantly higher body weight, body mass index, heart rate, and PVR ( P <0.05 versus those with lower BP for all comparisons). Moreover, stratifying individuals by quartiles of PP and PVR revealed a stepwise increase in SBP from the lowest to highest quartile for each variable, with the highest SBP occurring in those in the highest quartile of both PP and PVR ( P <0.001 for overall trend for both sexes). PVR was also increased with increasing tertile of minimum forearm vascular resistance, in both men ( P =0.002) and women ( P =0.03). Conclusions Increased PVR , mediated in part through altered resistance vessel structure, strongly associates with the elevation of SBP for a given level of PP in young adults. An impaired ability to adapt PVR appropriately to a given level of PP may be an important mechanism underlying elevated SBP in young adults.

scholarly journals Kinetochore structure: electron spectroscopic imaging of the kinetochore.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Rattner ◽  
D P Bazett-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Outer Plate ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Biochemical Features

The structure of the kinetochore in thin section has been studied in the Indian muntjac by an electron spectroscopic imaging technique. This procedures allows the analysis of the distribution of phosphorus within the layers of the kinetochore. The results indicate that this element is a major component of both the inner and outer plates whereas it is largely absent in the middle plate and fibrous corona. The majority of the phosphorus is localized to a 30-nm fiber(s) that is woven through the layers of the kinetochore. The presence of phosphorus within this fiber, along with its morphological and biochemical features, indicates that it contains DNA. The fiber(s) occupies a major portion of the inner and outer plate where it forms a series of rows. It is rarely observed in the middle layer except where it passes between the inner and outer layers. The absence of structure in the middle plate suggests that it may represent a space rather than a plate that in turn may be related to the function of this region. The distribution of phosphorus within the kinetochore is neither altered by treatment with colcemid nor by the presence of microtubules at the kinetochore. Analysis of conventional micrographs of the kinetochore together with structural information obtained by electron spectroscopic imaging suggests that most microtubules insert and terminate between the rows of kinetochore fibers in the outer plate. However, some microtubules continue through the middle layer and terminate at the lower plate. The insertion of microtubules at different levels of the kinetochore may reflect the existence of functionally distinct microtubule classes. Electron spectroscopic imaging indicates that the microtubules associated with the kinetochore are phosphorylated.

AN EXTENSIBLE ARCHITECTURE-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR COORDINATION LANGUAGES

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
TORSTEN FINK ◽  
KARSTEN OTTO
Keyword(s):  
Middle Layer ◽  
Distributed Applications ◽  
Target System ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Coordination Languages ◽  
Coordination Systems ◽  
Coordination Framework ◽  
Time Overhead ◽  
Different Levels

The dynamic and heterogeneous nature of distributed systems makes the development of distributed applications a difficult task. Various tools, such as middleware systems, component systems, and coordination languages, offer support the application developer at different levels. There are several coordination systems that integrate such tools into a complete environment to build applications from heterogeneous components. To achieve extensibility they usually have a layered architecture: an application is first mapped to a middle layer and then to a target system. But this approach hides the specific features of a target system from the developer, as they are not represented in the middle layer, and often induces additional run-time overhead. In this paper, we introduce the extensible coordination framework ECF that allows developers to build efficient distributed applications which exploit the specific features of the target systems. Support for target systems and application domains are encapsulated by extension modules. Modules can be built on top of other modules to support refined functionality.

scholarly journals Psychosocial and mental health challenges faced by emerging adults living with HIV and support systems aiding their positive coping: a qualitative study from the Kenyan coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses K. Nyongesa ◽  
Carophine Nasambu ◽  
Rachael Mapenzi ◽  
Hans M. Koot ◽  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, there is little data on the challenges faced by young people living with HIV transitioning into adult life. Adapting the socio-ecological framework, this qualitative study investigated the challenges faced by emerging adults living with HIV from a rural Kenyan setting. Additionally, the study explored support systems that aid positive coping among these young adults. Methods: In April 2018, in-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 22 young adults living with HIV (12 females), 18-24 years old, from rural Kilifi, coast of Kenya. Data were analyzed thematically using NVIVO 11 software. Results: Young adults living with HIV from this setting face various challenges at different levels of the social ecosystem. At the individual level, key challenges they reported included acceptance of HIV positive status, antiretroviral adherence, economic burden associated with access to healthcare, building an intimate relationship, mental health problems, and HIV status disclosure. At the family level, death of parents, poverty, and being unaccepted were the commonly mentioned challenges. At the community level, socialization difficulties and long waiting time at the HIV clinic were highlighted. HIV stigma and discrimination were frequently reported across the different levels. Economic independence, social support (from families, friends, organizations, healthcare providers and peer meetings), and reliance on spirituality aided positive coping among these young adults amidst the challenges of living with HIV.Conclusions: In this rural setting, emerging adults living with HIV face various challenges at the individual, family, and community level, some of which are cross-cutting. Our findings underscore the need for designing multi-level youth-friendly interventions that can address modifiable challenges encountered by emerging adults living with HIV in this and similar settings. Such interventions should incorporate appropriate context-specific support structures that may help these young people smoothly transit into adult life.

Toward Theory and Technique for Online Focus Groups

2011 ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albino Claudio Bosio ◽  
Guendaline Graffigna ◽  
Edoardo Lozza
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Discussion Groups ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Focus Groups ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Different Levels

Starting from a review of current dominant points of view about online focus groups, the authors outline the results of a research project in which they compared face-to-face discussion groups with different formats of online focus groups (forum; chat; forum plus chat) in order to identify their methodological specificities. The comparison was conducted with young adults on three health-related topics with different levels of social sensitivity. Systematic analysis of the conversational and thematic characteristics of all discussion transcripts revealed interesting characteristics of the four focus group techniques considered. The results corroborate the view that the research setting influences the findings production process in qualitative research, and might be the basis for a theory of online focus group techniques that can orient the researcher in choosing the online focus group technique best suited to his or her study aims and topics.

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