scholarly journals Androcentrism in the Scientific Field: Brazilian Systems of Graduate Studies, Science and Technology as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C Barbosa ◽  
Roberta Areas ◽  
Alice R. P Abreu ◽  
Ademir E Santana ◽  
Carlos Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
Methodological Procedures

This article will carry out an analysis of female participation in science,considering the Brazilian system of graduate studies and scientific research as a casestudy. Goals. Considering that science is a central supporting structure for modernsocieties, a detailed analysis of the scientific power structure behind academic policycreation can reveal aspects of androcentrism in scientific activity. The main goal of thiswork is to identify the process of misogyny in science through the description of itsreproductive pattern. Theoretical and methodological procedures. The concept of ascientific field developed by Bourdieu is used to analyze the data identifying thedynamic structure of misogyny in science. Initially, a historical and present-day outlineis constructed in such a manner. This panoramic description is analyzed, taking intoconsideration the essential elements for knowledge production in Brazil, includingwomen participation in the initial levels of scientific research as undergraduate andgraduate students, in the organization of research groups, and in their participation atsenior management positions in science. Results. A significant increase in femalepercentage in scientific activities is observed at the initial and intermediary levels,except for the most prestigious areas as hard science. However, a scissor effect isidentified between the initial level and the more prominent positions. At the top of thescientific career, the presence of women is extremely low. This unbalanced participationreveals that female occupations in science are basically as labor force since in thiscareer, women are quite far from the social circles of decisions.

Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chomel (1671–1740): A Case Study in Problems Relating to the Social Status of Scientists in the Early Modern Period

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-322
Author(s):  
David Sturdy
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practice Of Science

Consider this statement: the practice of science influences and is influenced by the civilization within which it occurs. Or again: scientists do not pursue their activities in a political or social void; like other people, they aspire to make their way in the world by responding to the values and social mechanisms of their day. Set in such simple terms, each statement probably would receive the assent of most scholars interested in the history of science. But there is need for debate on the nature and extent of the interaction between scientific activity and the civilization which incorporates it, as there is on the relations of scientists to the society within which they live. This essay seeks to make a contribution mainly to the second of these topics by taking a French scientist and academician of the eighteenth century and studying him and his family in the light of certain questions. At the end there will be a discussion relating those questions or themes to the wider debate. There is an associated purpose to the exercise: to present an account of the social origins and formation of Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chomel (botanist, physician and member of the Academic des Sciences) which will augment our knowledge of this particular savant.

scholarly journals Socio-epistemic analysis of scientific knowledge production in little science research

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pepe
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conference Papers

The processes that drive knowledge production and dissemination in scientific environments are embedded within the social, technical, cultural and epistemic practices of the constituent research communities. This article presents a methodology to unpack specific social and epistemic dimensions of scientific knowledge production using, as a case study,  the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS), a National Science Foundation “little science” research center involved in theoretical and applied work in the field of wireless communication and sensor networks. By analysis of its scholarly record, I construct a social network of coauthorship, linking individuals that have coauthored scholarly artifacts (journal articles and conference papers), and an epistemic network of topic co-occurrence, linking concepts and knowledge constructs in the same scholarly artifacts. This article reports on ongoing work directed at the study of the emergence and evolution of these networks of scientific interaction. I present some preliminary results and introduce a socio-epistemic method for an historical analysis of network co-evolution. I outline a research design to support further investigations of knowledge production in scientific circles.

scholarly journals SOCIAL-ECONOMIC AND IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATONS OF MORALS IN THE ETHICAL HERITAGE OF EUGENE FEDORENKO

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Nataliia Yarmolitska ◽  
◽  
Maryna Moskalchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Ethic Research ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Soviet Marxism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Problems

In the article are considered the main moral-ethical research ukrainian soviet philosophy E. Fedorenko. Based on the conducted theoretical reconstruction of scientific-research activity scientist was defined the direction his scientific research, this: the study of ethical problems from the history ethical teachings to relevant questions current life, development of methodological problems history-ethical researches, research work and moral-ethical enlightenment. From the analysis of scientific heritage E. Fedorenko was determined the basis moments his scientific activity, first of all, this investigation of occurrence and originality the theoretical ethic, research in the field social-economic and ideological basics moral and installation its relationship with others forms the social consciousness. He tried to find his own, special for scientific justification moral and designing ethics of the future perfect the soviet human. However, main merit E. Fedorenko, like most soviet scientists, there was an attempt to show, what domestic soviet ethics the gradually departs from inherent in it the ideological form soviet marxism, from moralistic philosophy.

Arendt, role theory and the ethical evaluation of action

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reflexive Sociology

In what way can social action be simultaneously inquired into and ethically evaluated by social theory? This paper explores the responsibility sociology has with regard to the political and ethical implications of its knowledge production and does so through a case study examination of the sociological concept of role. It compares and evaluates the different orientations that ground the concept of role and Arendt’s concept of action, which is then expanded to address the critique of the social sciences by theorists like Arendt and Foucault. The paper engages a particular tradition of reflexive sociology in the context of the danger of banal evil (Eichmann) and in the context of modern structures of domination that makes that danger more prevalent. Arguing that a theoretical non-empirical reflexivity is called for, and drawing on the phenomenological reflexivity of Berger and the constitutive reflexivity of Blum and McHugh, the paper seeks to demonstrate the need for a reflexive awareness of the actor’s responsibility for action and the theorist’s responsibility for formulating action that can make conceptual space for reasoned evaluation oriented by and to principle.

Travail d’articulation et organisations-frontières dans la recherche urbaine française

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Etude De Cas ◽  
Sciences Sociales ◽  
Organizational Problems

English The multiplication of locations and the differentiation of social actors encountered in contemporary sciences raise organizational problems. Basing itself on a case study in the social sciences, viz. French urban research, this article offers an analysis of the institutional articulation process that enables both the activities of knowledge production to be linked to other social activities and the researchers to interact with other classes of social actors. The article thus suggests a setting in perspective of the contemporary modes of knowledge production, taking into account their diversity as well as their political stakes. French La multiplication des sites et la différenciation des acteurs que l'on rencontre dans les sciences contemporaines posent des proble`mes en termes d'organisation. En s'appuyant sur une étude de cas en sciences sociales, la recherche urbaine française, cet article propose une analyse du travail institutionnel d'articulation qui a pour objet de permettre à la fois aux activités de production de connaissances scientifiques d'être connectées à d'autres activités sociales et aux chercheurs d'interagir avec d'autres types d'acteurs. C'est ainsi à une mise en perspective des actuels modes de production des savoirs qu'invite ce texte, qui fasse cas de leur pluralité et de leurs enjeux politiques.

scholarly journals Barriers to Interdisciplinary Studies in the Social Sciences: A Field Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sayid Bayoumy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Procedures

Based on the importance of the interdisciplinary studies and their methods in the social sciences, the current research is concerned with the diagnosis and description of the barriers to interdisciplinary studies in the social sciences with the aim of finding out the obstructions associated with the structure of the academic context and the characteristics of researchers that prevent or hinder the application of interdisciplinary studies. The study used a set of methodological procedures which were the analytical descriptive approach, the case study method, and the non-random sampling method for a group of faculty members at the College of Arts and Social Sciences at Sultan Qaboos University and the Faculty of Arts at Ain Shams University. Thirty-two cases were studied; 16 cases from each faculty. The study found that the size of hindrances related to academic context were found to be 60% higher in the Faculty of Arts at Ain Shams University compared to the College of Arts and Social Sciences at Sultan Qaboos University. The study concludes that interdisciplinary studies in the social sciences are still at the stage of identification and conceptualization in the research community. Moreover, teaching staff are keen to remain within the boundaries of their specializations. 

scholarly journals Community Peer Review: A Method to Bring Consent and Self-Determination into the Sciences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Liboiron ◽  
Alex Zahara ◽  
Ignace Schoot
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Community Member ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Meeting

Community peer review is a method that extends the ethics of consent into scientific practices. It gives communities affected by scientific research the ability to determine whether research may cause them harm and be part of determining how knowledge should best circulate to reduce or eliminate that harm. This paper introduces the method of community peer review by first looking at the concepts of consent and refusal, then outlining the steps to community peer review, using a case study of community meetings on a study of plastic ingestion by fish to elucidate the details of each step. Steps include: hiring a community member to the team; researching the social, cultural, and economic contexts of the community; identify the community; ensure skills for community conversation are in place; call the community meeting; conduct the community meeting; and analyze feedback for consent and refusal. Community peer review is premised on the idea that research is not inherently good and can cause harm, and that the best people to know whether and what kinds of harms are likely to occur are community members rather than researchers. The second premise is that the researcher’s “right” to research never supersedes a community’s right to not be harmed.

South American Fieldwork/Cytogenetic Knowledge: The Cytogenetic Research Program of Sally Hughes-Schrader and Franz Schrader

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-169
Author(s):  
Marsha L. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Social World ◽  
South American ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Critical Aspects

The marriage of Sally Peris Hughes (1895–1984) and Franz Schrader (1891–1962) in November 1920 launched a highly successful scientific collaboration that lasted over four decades. The Schraders were avid naturalists, adroit experimentalists, and keen theoreticians, and both had long, productive, and fruitful careers in zoology. They offer an extraordinarily rich case study that provides an insightful view of the work carried out in several areas of the life sciences from the 1920s to the 1960s—fieldwork, cytology, cytogenetics, and entomology—as well as critical aspects of the social world of contemporary science. By focusing on the fieldwork the couple carried out in Mexico and Central America in the late 1920s and early 1930s, this paper seeks to illuminate how this collaborative scientific marriage embodies a collective, complex, and integrated personal and social arrangement that served to enhance both knowledge production and disciplinary development in several areas of science. It also reveals ways in which marriage could serve as a means to help both parties navigate and negotiate restrictive sociocultural norms and institutional arrangements in science involving gender, power, and authority in the early twentieth century.

Identifying the Social Insurance Needs of Poor Families: Case Study on Social Insurance offices in Riyadh: A Research Supported by the Research Center of the College of Social Work – Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-225
Author(s):  
Hessa A. Alsanad ◽  
Badria S. Alamr
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poor Families

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد احتياجات الأسر الفقيرة (الاقتصادية والاجتماعية) المستفيدة من خدمات الضمان الاجتماعي في مدينة الرياض والوصول إلى مقترحات لإشباع تلك الاحتياجات، وهي دراسة وصفية استخدمت منهج المسح الاجتماعي الشامل للمسؤولين في وكالة الضمان الاجتماعي والأخصائيين والأخصائيات، وعينة عشوائية من الأسر المستفيدة من خدمات الضمان الاجتماعي، وتوصلت إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها: أن أهم الأساليب المتبعة لدراسة الاحتياجات هي المقابلات والزيارات وإجراء الدراسات، أهم الاحتياجات الاقتصادية للأسر الفقيرة هي الحصول على الإعانات المادية وتوفير المواد الغذائية وتسديد فواتير الخدمات وتوفير فرص العمل، أما الاحتياجات الاجتماعية فتركزت في توفير الاحتياجات المدرسية والخدمات الصحية، وكانت أهم المقترحات لإشباع تلك الاحتياجات هي: تفعيل مشروعات الأسر المنتجة، فتح مراكز التدريب للشباب والفتيات، نشر الوعي الصحي، فتح فصول محو الأمية).

Making Taiwan Relevant to Sociology: a Case Study on the Publication Pattern in the Major US Journals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chengpang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Search Method ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Publishing

The social science communities in Taiwan face significant difficulties in publishing their studies in top-tier international journals. In this paper, I problematise the phenomenon of international publishing and situate this inquiry within the literature on global knowledge production. I further discuss the ‘small country predicament thesis’ originally framed by Su-jen Huang and the proposed solution—the Moneyball approach. Using the keyword search method, I aim to answer two empirical questions: who and what kinds of papers related to Taiwan get published in the top US sociological journals. The findings of this case study suggest that most of the papers are authored by foreign scholars, most papers were published prior to 2000, and they all share methodological similarities. Comparing this pattern to other Asian countries, the case of Taiwan shows both similarities and differences in facing the challenges of academic publishing.

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