South American Fieldwork/Cytogenetic Knowledge: The Cytogenetic Research Program of Sally Hughes-Schrader and Franz Schrader

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-169
Author(s):  
Marsha L. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Social World ◽  
South American ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Critical Aspects

The marriage of Sally Peris Hughes (1895–1984) and Franz Schrader (1891–1962) in November 1920 launched a highly successful scientific collaboration that lasted over four decades. The Schraders were avid naturalists, adroit experimentalists, and keen theoreticians, and both had long, productive, and fruitful careers in zoology. They offer an extraordinarily rich case study that provides an insightful view of the work carried out in several areas of the life sciences from the 1920s to the 1960s—fieldwork, cytology, cytogenetics, and entomology—as well as critical aspects of the social world of contemporary science. By focusing on the fieldwork the couple carried out in Mexico and Central America in the late 1920s and early 1930s, this paper seeks to illuminate how this collaborative scientific marriage embodies a collective, complex, and integrated personal and social arrangement that served to enhance both knowledge production and disciplinary development in several areas of science. It also reveals ways in which marriage could serve as a means to help both parties navigate and negotiate restrictive sociocultural norms and institutional arrangements in science involving gender, power, and authority in the early twentieth century.

Zwischen Naturgeschichte, Statistik und Gesellschaftsroman. Soziographische Wissensordnungen im Kontext einer europäischen Publizistik im 19. Jahrhundert

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Christiane Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Periodical Publishing

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the rise of market-oriented periodical publishing correlated with an increasing desire to inspect the modernizing societies. The journalistic pursuit of examining the social world is in a unique way reflected in countless periodical contributions that, especially from the 1830s onwards, depicted social types and behaviours, new professions and technologies, institutions, and cultural routines. By analysing how these “sociographic sketches” proceeded to document and to interpret the manifold manifestations of the social world, this article discusses the interrelationships between epistemic and political shifts, new forms of medialization and the systematization of social research. It thereby focuses on three main areas: the creative appropriation of narratives and motifs of moralistic essayism, the uses of description and contextualization as modes of knowledge, and the adaptation of empirical methods and a scientific terminology. To consider nineteenth-century sociographic journalism as a format between entertainment, art, and science provokes us to narrate intermedial, transnational and interdisciplinary tales of the history of social knowledge production.

Social Learning and Macroeconomic Policy in Britain

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN GREENER
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Constructionist Approach ◽  
The 1960S

This paper examines the social learning models of policy of Hall and May attempting to create a synthesis of the best elements of each. We then apply the revised model to three specific instances of macroeconomic policy in Britain; the introduction of ‘Keynesian-plus’ policy in the 1960s, the movement from Keynesianism to monetarism, and the experiment with monetarism in the 1980s. In each case study, the degree of policy change is assessed, and possible reasons for that level of change explored. We conclude that a more social constructionist approach is required to understand the link between policy instruments, indicators, and paradigms, and, alongside this, a greater need to understand the implications of the assumptions underlying policy.

scholarly journals Double “Class”. On the Popularization of Dr. Martens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Crucq
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Design Objects ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Liberal Market Economy

In this paper processes of appropriation and commodification are discussed from the perspective of subcultures and their relation to class. Dr. Martens boots are discussed as a specific case-study. They were appropriated in the 1960s by British Skinheads to signify their working-classness. Besides being functional, design objects are apparently endowed with meaning and these can vary depending on different modes of appearance, on different styles. Today Dr. Martens, is primarily a fashion-item. This calls into question to what extent commercialization undermines the potential of design objects to be endowed with meaning. By critically discussing recent scholarly literature on subcultures and style I will explain how in recent decades the dynamics of the neo-liberal market economy with its emphasis on consumption, facilitated a further commodification of style-objects as desirable value-objects. What will be argued successively is that appropriation and commodification in late capitalist society might obscure but not obliterate the social realities of class that lie hidden beneath the flux of images in which we are engulfed today.

Reflexive dis/embedding: Personal narratives, empowerment and the emotional dynamics of interstitial events

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Ruebottom ◽  
Ellen R. Auster
Keyword(s):  
Social Bonds ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Social World ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Dynamics

Reflexivity is required for institutional work, yet we know very little about the mechanisms for generating such understandings of the social world. We explore this gap through a case study of an interstitial event that aims to create a community of ‘change-makers’. The findings suggest that such events can generate reflexive dis/embedding through two complementary mechanisms. Specifically, personal narratives of injustice and action and individual-collective empowering generate emotional dynamics that disembed actors from their given attachments and embed them within new social bonds. Through these mechanisms, the event in the case study was able to challenge audience members’ conceptions of self and others and change their worldview. This research advances our understanding of how reflexivity can be developed by uncovering the emotional dynamics crucial to the dis/embedding of actors.

The Company Oracle: Corporate Security and Diviner-Detectives in Angola's Diamond Mines

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Calvão
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social World ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

AbstractIn 1957, the security force of Angola's colonial diamond mining company recruited African diviners to help them solve a case of diamond theft in Lunda. This event reveals a peculiar convergence of divinatory practices with techniques of corporate surveillance in Lunda's political economy of security. In their overlapping features of secrecy and control, divination and corporate security can be understood as historically aligned evidentiary practices, or what I call “corporate divination.” By examining divinatory rituals in tandem with the “occult” apparatus of corporate surveillance, and the figure of a colonial sorcerer-detective renowned for his “divinatory” prowess, I ask how such seemingly opposed modes of knowledge production eroded or shored up colonial rule. The cultural significance of divination within the context of a mining company, I suggest, exposes the conditions under which a colonial corporation appropriates the social world in which it intervenes, and conversely, the cultural resources that potentially shape or undermine corporate life in a colonial context.

scholarly journals Socio-epistemic analysis of scientific knowledge production in little science research

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pepe
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conference Papers

The processes that drive knowledge production and dissemination in scientific environments are embedded within the social, technical, cultural and epistemic practices of the constituent research communities. This article presents a methodology to unpack specific social and epistemic dimensions of scientific knowledge production using, as a case study,  the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS), a National Science Foundation “little science” research center involved in theoretical and applied work in the field of wireless communication and sensor networks. By analysis of its scholarly record, I construct a social network of coauthorship, linking individuals that have coauthored scholarly artifacts (journal articles and conference papers), and an epistemic network of topic co-occurrence, linking concepts and knowledge constructs in the same scholarly artifacts. This article reports on ongoing work directed at the study of the emergence and evolution of these networks of scientific interaction. I present some preliminary results and introduce a socio-epistemic method for an historical analysis of network co-evolution. I outline a research design to support further investigations of knowledge production in scientific circles.

scholarly journals A model-based approach to social ontology

2021 ◽  
pp. 004839312110569
Author(s):  
Matti Sarkia
Keyword(s):  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social World ◽  
Theoretical Modeling ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Analytic Tradition ◽  
The Social

This paper argues for theoretical modeling and model-construction as central (but not necessarily the only) types of activities that philosophers of social ontology (in the analytic tradition) engage in. This claim is defended through a detailed case study and revisionary interpretation of Raimo Tuomela’s account of the we-perspective. My interpretation is grounded in Ronald Giere’s account of scientific models, and argued to be compatible with, but less demanding than Tuomela’s own description of his account as a philosophical theory of the social world. My approach is also suggested to be applicable to many (but not necessarily all) other methodologically naturalist accounts of collective intentionality and social ontology.

scholarly journals Tradition and Innovation in an Ultra-Orthodox Community: The Hasidim Of Outremont

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal F. Schnoor
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Residential Neighbourhood

Like other insular religious movements such as Hutterites and Amish, Hasidic communities are faced with the challenge of preserving their distinctive ideals in a technologically advanced, capitalist world. Studies done in the 1960s and 1970s documented the success of Hasidim in safeguarding their convictions and creating well-functioning communities in contemporary North America. Recent evidence has demonstrated, however, that unprecedented growth rates are presenting significant challenges to Hasidim trying to sustain their way of life. Focusing on a case-study of the Hasidic community of Outremont, a residential neighbourhood in central Montreal, this paper outlines the social and economic challenges facing the community and argues that, while some important changes have been implemented, there is a need to modify survival strategies further in order to maintain community viability.

Arendt, role theory and the ethical evaluation of action

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reflexive Sociology

In what way can social action be simultaneously inquired into and ethically evaluated by social theory? This paper explores the responsibility sociology has with regard to the political and ethical implications of its knowledge production and does so through a case study examination of the sociological concept of role. It compares and evaluates the different orientations that ground the concept of role and Arendt’s concept of action, which is then expanded to address the critique of the social sciences by theorists like Arendt and Foucault. The paper engages a particular tradition of reflexive sociology in the context of the danger of banal evil (Eichmann) and in the context of modern structures of domination that makes that danger more prevalent. Arguing that a theoretical non-empirical reflexivity is called for, and drawing on the phenomenological reflexivity of Berger and the constitutive reflexivity of Blum and McHugh, the paper seeks to demonstrate the need for a reflexive awareness of the actor’s responsibility for action and the theorist’s responsibility for formulating action that can make conceptual space for reasoned evaluation oriented by and to principle.

scholarly journals Androcentrism in the Scientific Field: Brazilian Systems of Graduate Studies, Science and Technology as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C Barbosa ◽  
Roberta Areas ◽  
Alice R. P Abreu ◽  
Ademir E Santana ◽  
Carlos Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
Methodological Procedures

This article will carry out an analysis of female participation in science,considering the Brazilian system of graduate studies and scientific research as a casestudy. Goals. Considering that science is a central supporting structure for modernsocieties, a detailed analysis of the scientific power structure behind academic policycreation can reveal aspects of androcentrism in scientific activity. The main goal of thiswork is to identify the process of misogyny in science through the description of itsreproductive pattern. Theoretical and methodological procedures. The concept of ascientific field developed by Bourdieu is used to analyze the data identifying thedynamic structure of misogyny in science. Initially, a historical and present-day outlineis constructed in such a manner. This panoramic description is analyzed, taking intoconsideration the essential elements for knowledge production in Brazil, includingwomen participation in the initial levels of scientific research as undergraduate andgraduate students, in the organization of research groups, and in their participation atsenior management positions in science. Results. A significant increase in femalepercentage in scientific activities is observed at the initial and intermediary levels,except for the most prestigious areas as hard science. However, a scissor effect isidentified between the initial level and the more prominent positions. At the top of thescientific career, the presence of women is extremely low. This unbalanced participationreveals that female occupations in science are basically as labor force since in thiscareer, women are quite far from the social circles of decisions.

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