Nanomaterials can inhibit planktonic and biofilm bacteria and can be used as topical therapy for mouth and wound-related infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Nanoparticles ◽  
Biofilm Dispersion ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Nanomaterials are an emerging therapeutic option for resistant planktonic MDR and biofilm diseases. The adjustable properties of nanomaterials, especially their surface functionalities, give design opportunities that can be fine-tuned to maximize therapeutic effectiveness while lowering host toxicity. This review shows how nanoparticles can attack bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm forms. Nanomaterials can access new multimodal antibacterial pathways, lowering or avoiding antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles can be employed as topical treatments for mouth and wound biofilm-related infections. Strategies combining bactericidal effects with biofilm dispersion, however, are best for total biofilm eradication. Stimulated nanoparticles that take advantage of particular microenvironments at infection sites, such as pH and pathogen-derived metabolites, are one of numerous strategies to target nanomaterial MDR bacteria. Nanoparticles' long-term effects on the body and their systemic safety remain important challenges to therapeutic use. Nanoparticles' pharmacokinetic profile is presently being defined to better comprehend their bodily destiny. Effective antimicrobial nanomaterials need interdisciplinary collaboration between chemists, biological researchers (including microbiologists), and engineers. Cooperation across basic, translational, and industrial groups will be important in delivering antimicrobial nanoparticles to the clinic. Overall, nanomaterial-based treatment approaches offer a feasible alternative to antibiotics for difficult-to-treat diseases, alleviating post-antibiotic issues.

Mechanisms and practical use of the bactericidal effects of ozone and ozonated oils

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
S. Schetinin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Viral Nature

The analysis of the clinical and immunological effectiveness of ozone therapy is carried out. The mechanism of the bactericidal action of ozone in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of a bacterial and viral nature is analyzed. Ozonation of oils leads to the formation of a complex and heterogeneous cascade of components. Ozonides provide the body with some prolonged supply of active oxygen to maintain aerobic metabolism and the required level of energy substrates.

scholarly journals Surgical excision: an effective initial therapeutic option in the management of giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moaied A. Hassan ◽  
Hasan K. Gatea ◽  
Thura K. Ja’afar
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphatic Malformations ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Cystic Tumors ◽  
Cystic Cavity ◽  
Embryologic Development

Abstract Background Lymphatic malformations are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system and can develop anywhere in the body, predominantly in the head and neck. These lesions are classified according to the diameter of the largest cystic cavity within the lesion into microcystic and macrocystic types. Historically, surgical excision has been considered the mainstay of treatment and still remains the first therapeutic option of choice for many surgeons particularly for giant macrocystic lesions. Several alternative therapeutic modalities emerged including intralesional sclerotherapy and laser therapy with encouraging results. The study is designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of surgical excision as an initial therapeutic option in the management of these malformations. Results Asymptomatic mass with parental cosmetic and functional concerns was the mode of presentation in six (66.7%) patients. Seven (77.8%) patients were presented before the age of 2 years. Six (66.7%) of the patients had their lesions in the neck. Complete surgical excision was achieved in eight (88.9%) patients without any evident significant injury to vital neurovascular structures. None of the patients had any difficulties with breathing, swallowing, or phonation and cosmetic results were satisfactory in the majority (88.9%) of them. Conclusion Radical surgical excision of giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in children is possible in experienced hands. It is an effective and safe initial therapeutic option and gives satisfactory esthetic and functional results.

scholarly journals Primary Congenital Lymphedema with More Than 10 Years of Treatment Using the Godoy Method Through to Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Pereira de Godoy ◽  
Jose Maria Pereira de Godoy ◽  
Maria de Fatima Guerreiro Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cervical Stimulation

Introduction: Lymphedema is a specific type of edema that affects regions of the body in a chronic, progressive manner. Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe the therapeutic evolution of more than ten years of treatment for primary congenital lymphedema using the Godoy and Godoy method. Method: Ten children with primary congenital lymphedema with more than ten years of treatment at the Godoy Clinic were evaluated. Children with a clinical diagnosis of primary congenital lymphedema in treatment for more than 10 years with the Godoy Method. Cervical stimulation is the first treatment option of the method and is performed as monotherapy. The patients were reevaluated with weekly, bi-weekly and monthly frequencies and then every three months or when the family was able to return to the clinic. Results: For cases in which cervical stimulation was not possible, grosgrain stockings as monotherapy was the second therapeutic option. Conclusion: The Godoy and Godoy Method is effective at reducing edema in cases of primary congenital lymphedema, with the maintenance of the results throughout the treatment period.

scholarly journals Dietary Curcumin: Correlation between Bioavailability and Health Potential

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dei Cas ◽  
Riccardo Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Poor Absorption ◽  
Oral Delivery Systems

The yellow pigment curcumin, extracted from turmeric, is a renowned polyphenol with a broad spectrum of health properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anti-dermatophyte, and neuroprotective. However, these properties are followed by a poor pharmacokinetic profile which compromises its therapeutic potential. The association of low absorption by the small intestine and the extensive reductive and conjugative metabolism in the liver dramatically weakens the oral bioavailability. Several strategies such as inhibition of curcumin metabolism with adjuvants as well as novel solid and liquid oral delivery systems have been tried to counteract curcumin poor absorption and rapid elimination from the body. Some of these drug deliveries can successfully enhance the solubility, extending the residence in plasma, improving the pharmacokinetic profile and the cellular uptake.

scholarly journals ‘The body says it’: the difficulty of measuring and communicating sensations of breathlessness

2021 ◽  
pp. medhum-2019-011816
Author(s):  
Alice Malpass ◽  
Coreen Mcguire ◽  
Jane Macnaughton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Uk

Breathlessness is a sensation affecting those living with chronic respiratory disease, obesity, heart disease and anxiety disorders. The Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile is a respiratory questionnaire which attempts to measure the incommunicable different sensory qualities (and emotional responses) of breathlessness. Drawing on sensorial anthropology we take as our object of study the process of turning sensations into symptoms. We consider how shared cultural templates of ‘what counts as a symptom’ evolve, mediate and feed into the process of bodily sensations becoming a symptom. Our contribution to the field of sensorial anthropology, as an interdisciplinary collaboration between history, anthropology and the medical humanities, is to provide a critique of how biomedicine and cultures of clinical research have measured the multidimensional sensorial aspects of breathlessness. Using cognitive interviews of respiratory questionnaires with participants from the Breathe Easy groups in the UK, we give examples of how the wording used to describe sensations is often at odds with the language those living with breathlessness understand or use. They struggle to comprehend and map their bodily experience of sensations associated with breathlessness to the words on the respiratory questionnaire. We reflect on the alignment between cognitive interviewing as a method and anthropology as a disciplinary approach. We argue biomedicine brings with it a set of cultural assumptions about what it means to measure (and know) the sensorial breathless body in the context of the respiratory clinic (clinical research). We suggest the mismatch between the descriptions (and confusion) of those responding to the respiratory questionnaire items and those selecting the vocabularies in designing it may be symptomatic of a type of historical testimonial epistemic injustice, founded on the prioritisation of clinical expertise over expertise by experience.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110559
Author(s):  
Victoria Amat-Samaranch ◽  
Eugènia Agut-Busquet ◽  
Eva Vilarrasa ◽  
Lluís Puig
Keyword(s):  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologic Agent ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Systemic Treatments

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the presence of painful nodules, abscesses, chronically draining fistulas, and scarring in apocrine gland-bearing areas of the body. The exact pathogenesis of HS is not yet well understood, but there is a consensus in considering HS a multifactorial disease with a genetic predisposition, an inflammatory dysregulation, and an influence of environmental modifying factors. Therapeutic approach of HS is challenging due to the wide clinical manifestations of the disease and the complex pathogenesis. This review describes evidence for effectiveness of current and emerging HS therapies. Topical therapy, systemic treatments, biological agents, surgery, and light therapy have been used for HS with variable results. Adalimumab is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved biologic agent for moderate-to-severe HS, but new therapeutic options are being studied, targeting different specific cytokines involved in HS pathogenesis. Comparing treatment outcomes between therapies is difficult due to the lack of randomized controlled trials. Treatment strategy should be selected in concordance to disease severity and requires combination of treatments in most cases.

scholarly journals Human Body Burden of Heavy Metals and Health Consequences of Pb Exposure in Guiyu, an E-Waste Recycling Town in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12428
Author(s):  
Wenlong Huang ◽  
Xiaoling Shi ◽  
Kusheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Pb Exposure

Guiyu accommodates millions of tons of e-waste from overseas and domestic sources each year and is notorious for its e-waste dismantling industry. As a consequence, Guiyu has been described as “the world’s most toxic place” and “junk town”. Informal e-waste recycling activities have caused severe pollution to the local environment and are associated with extensive health problems to the residents. This review provides updated insights on the body burden of heavy metals derived from e-waste and health outcomes resulted from lead (Pb) exposure. The review identified that Guiyu has been highly contaminated by heavy metals, especially Pb. Excessive exposure to Pb has been associated with multi-system and long-term effects in neonates and children, covering nervous, cardiovascular, adaptive immune, and hematologic systems as well as chromosome and DNA damage. Our review indicates strong associations that emphasize the need to develop strong regulations for prevention of exposure and health consequences in Guiyu and similar sites around the world.

scholarly journals The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist tirzepatide: a novel cardiometabolic therapeutic prospect

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Z. Fisman ◽  
Alexander Tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Gip Receptor

AbstractIncretin hormones are peptides released in the intestine in response to the presence of nutrients in its lumen. The main incretins are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion at pancreatic α cells and has also extrapancreatic influences as slowing of gastric emptying which increases the feeling of satiety. GIP is the main incretin hormone in healthy people, causative of most the incretin effects, but the insulin response after GIP secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly reduced. Therefore, in the past GIP has been considered an unappealing therapeutic target for T2DM. This conception has been changing during recent years, since it has been reported that resistance to GIP can be reversed and its effectiveness restored by improving glycemic control. This fact paved the way for the development of a GIP receptor agonist-based therapy for T2DM, looking also for the possibility of finding a combined GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist. In this framework, the novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide seems to be not just a new antidiabetic medication. Administered as a subcutaneous weekly injection, it is a manifold single pharmacological agent that has the ability to significantly lower glucose levels, as well as improve insulin sensitivity, reduce weight and amend dyslipidemia favorably modifying the lipid profile. Tirzepatide and additional dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists that could eventually be developed in the future seem to be a promising furthest advance for the management of several cardiometabolic settings. Obviously, it is too early to be overly hopeful since it is still necessary to determine the long-term effects of these compounds and properly verify the potential cardiovascular benefits. Anyway, we are currently facing a novel and very appealing therapeutic option.

Environments, Past and Present

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Duckworth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Flight Response ◽  
Fight Or Flight Response ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fight Or Flight

For more than a century, scientists have known that acute stress activates the fight-or-flight response. When your life is on the line, your body reacts instantly: your heart races, your breath quickens, and a cascade of hormones sets off physiological changes that collectively improve your odds of survival. More recently, scientists have come to understand that the fight-or-flight response takes a toll on the brain and the body—particularly when stress is chronic rather than acute. Systems designed to handle transient threats also react to stress that occurs again and again, for weeks, months, or years. It turns out that poverty, abuse, and other forms of adversity repeatedly activate the fight-or-flight response, leading to long-term effects on the immune system and brain, which in turn increase the risk for an array of illnesses, including asthma, diabetes, arthritis, depression, and cardiovascular disease. Pioneering neuroscientist Bruce McEwen called this burden of chronic stress “allostatic load.”

The American World Order

The New Deal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Klaus Patel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Deal ◽  
World Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Roosevelt Administration ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Military ◽  
The New Deal

This chapter assesses the medium- and long-term effects of the New Deal through 1945 and beyond. Seen from this perspective, discontinuities leap to the eye. With World War II, American society lost the markedly civilian nature that had characterized it during most of the interwar years. The concept of security, so central during the early Roosevelt administration, acquired a fundamentally different meaning, shifting from domestic welfare to international warfare. But there were significant continuities. Many features of the New Deal lived on or hibernated during the war. The global conflict even saved and strengthened many existing programs that peace might have seen canceled or shelved. State attempts at social control over the body loomed large. The military, government, and other institutions worked to overcome the crisis of masculinity of the 1930s and create a hypermasculinized ideal, reflecting the country's rising status as a world power.

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