Temporal and regional performance of dual and triple premixes for soybean rust management in Brazil: A meta-analysis update

Soybean rust in Brazil is currently controlled with several commercial premixes composed of demethylation-inhibitors (EPOXiconazole, CYPRoconazole, PROThioconazole, TEBUconazole), quinone-outside inhibitors (AZOXystrobin, TriFLoXystrobin, PYRAclostrobin, PICOxystrobin), and succinate demethylation inhibitors (BENZovindiflupyr, BIXaFen, FLUXapyroxad). We updated results on the performance of eight premixes evaluated in 177 cooperative trials conducted in 46 locations across 10 states during six crop seasons (2015 to 2020). All treatments were sprayed three times starting at R1 or R2. Percent control (C, %), from back-transforming meta-analytic estimates of the log of the ratio ranged from 56.2% (PICO + CYPR) to 76.8% (BIXF + TFLX + PROT). Estimates of mean yield difference (D, kg/ha) between fungicide-treated and untreated plots were greatest for BIXF + TFLX + PROT (1,080) followed by PICO + BENZ (1,010), PYRA + EPOX + FLUX (981.5), AZOX + BENZ (910), TFLX + PROT (891), PICO + TEBU (682), TFLX + CYPR (646) and PICO + CYPR (600). Significant declines in both C and D in a time period as short as four years were detected for AZOX + BENZ (35.3%; 550 kg/ha) and PICO + BENZ (15.5%; 359.8 kg/ha). Variance in D was partially reduced by the inclusion of baseline disease as covariate. In trials where baseline disease was ≥70%, yield was 250 kg/ha greater compared to low baseline disease. Disease control and yield response were generally better in the Southeast, where the frequency of profitable scenarios was 30% higher on average than in the Northwest. Results of this meta-analysis are critical to support decisions during planning fungicide programs.

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Meta-Analysis of Yield Response of Hybrid Field Corn to Foliar Fungicides in the U.S. Corn Belt

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-03-11-0091 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (9) ◽

pp. 1122-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

P. A. Paul ◽

L. V. Madden ◽

C. A. Bradley ◽

A. E. Robertson ◽

G. P. Munkvold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Yield Response ◽

Foliar Disease ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Field Corn ◽

Yield Difference ◽

Meta Analyses

The use of foliar fungicides on field corn has increased greatly over the past 5 years in the United States in an attempt to increase yields, despite limited evidence that use of the fungicides is consistently profitable. To assess the value of using fungicides in grain corn production, random-effects meta-analyses were performed on results from foliar fungicide experiments conducted during 2002 to 2009 in 14 states across the United States to determine the mean yield response to the fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole + trifloxystrobin, and propiconazole + azoxystrobin. For all fungicides, the yield difference between treated and nontreated plots was highly variable among studies. All four fungicides resulted in a significant mean yield increase relative to the nontreated plots (P < 0.05). Mean yield difference was highest for propiconazole + trifloxystrobin (390 kg/ha), followed by propiconazole + azoxystrobin (331 kg/ha) and pyraclostrobin (256 kg/ha), and lowest for azoxystrobin (230 kg/ha). Baseline yield (mean yield in the nontreated plots) had a significant effect on yield for propiconazole + azoxystrobin (P < 0.05), whereas baseline foliar disease severity (mean severity in the nontreated plots) significantly affected the yield response to pyraclostrobin, propiconazole + trifloxystrobin, and propiconazole + azoxystrobin but not to azoxystrobin. Mean yield difference was generally higher in the lowest yield and higher disease severity categories than in the highest yield and lower disease categories. The probability of failing to recover the fungicide application cost (ploss) also was estimated for a range of grain corn prices and application costs. At the 10-year average corn grain price of $0.12/kg ($2.97/bushel) and application costs of $40 to 95/ha, ploss for disease severity <5% was 0.55 to 0.98 for pyraclostrobin, 0.62 to 0.93 for propiconazole + trifloxystrobin, 0.58 to 0.89 for propiconazole + azoxystrobin, and 0.91 to 0.99 for azoxystrobin. When disease severity was >5%, the corresponding probabilities were 0.36 to 95, 0.25 to 0.69, 0.25 to 0.64, and 0.37 to 0.98 for the four fungicides. In conclusion, the high ploss values found in most scenarios suggest that the use of these foliar fungicides is unlikely to be profitable when foliar disease severity is low and yield expectation is high.

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A Quantitative Synthesis of the Efficacy and Profitability of Conventional and Biological Fungicides for Botrytis Fruit Rot Management on Strawberry in Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-19-0453-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 2505-2511

Author(s):

Leandro G. Cordova ◽

Felipe Dalla Lana ◽

Pierce A. Paul ◽

Natalia A. Peres

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Field Trials ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Yield Response ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Quantitative Synthesis ◽

Yield Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Yield Responses

Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) is a major disease that affects strawberry production in Florida and worldwide. BFR management relies on frequent fungicide applications. A meta-analysis was conducted on the outcomes from nine field trials to evaluate the efficacy and profitability of conventional and biological fungicides compared with a nontreated control (NTC). All trials were conducted in Florida between the 2005/06 and 2016/17 growing seasons. Fungicide treatments were applied weekly, and plots were harvested twice a week for yield and BFR incidence quantification. Treatments were grouped into four categories: NTC, multisite only (Thiram), Standard (captan alternated with fludioxonil + cyprodinil), and Bacillus. Following primary analyses, a random effects network meta-analytical model was fitted to estimate the mean yield and BFR incidence responses for each treatment group and to compare means between pairs of groups. The Thiram and the Standard treatment groups increased yield by 378.8 and 502.2 kg/ha/week, respectively, compared with the NTC. The yield difference between Bacillus and NTC was not statistically significant. Besides increasing yield, Thiram and Standard also reduced BFR incidence by approximately 10% compared with the NTC. The mean yield responses and among-study variability from the meta-analysis were used to estimate the probability of a given yield response in a new future trial. The Standard and Thiram treatment groups showed higher estimated probabilities of increasing yield and resulting in a profitable return on application investments than the Bacillus group of treatments. The results from this study provide growers with information that will aid their decision-making process regarding BFR management.

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Performance of dual and triple fungicide premixes for managing soybean rust across years and regions in Brazil: a meta‐analysis

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1111/ppa.13418 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jhonatan Paulo Barro ◽

Kaique S. Alves ◽

Cláudia V. Godoy ◽

Alfredo R. Dias ◽

Carlos A. Forcelini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Soybean Rust

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Is tank mixing site-specific premixes and multi-site fungicides effective and economic for managing soybean rust? a meta-analysis

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105839 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105839

Author(s):

Franklin J. Machado ◽

Jhonatan P. Barro ◽

Cláudia V. Godoy ◽

Alfredo R. Dias ◽

Carlos A. Forcelini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Site Specific

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META-ANALYSIS ON ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GEN. SURGERY P.M.C.H. & K.M.C.H., BIHAR

10.36106/ijsr/6700138 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Abhishek Chaudhary ◽

Kanchan Sone Lal Baitha ◽

Yasir Tajdar

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Abdominal Surgery ◽

Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Small Bowel Obstruction ◽

Bowel Obstruction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ileocaecal Valve ◽

Time Period ◽

Ligament Of Treitz

Background:The small intestine is the longest and convoluted portion in the digestive tract. It starts from pylorus and ends at ileocaecal valve. The small bowel consists of three parts measuring about 5 to 6 meters. The rst 25cm is the duodenum. Out of the rest part of small gut, jejunum th th. constitute the proximal 2/5 and ileum distal 3/5 The jejunum and ileum extend from the peritoneal fold that supports the duodeno-jejunal junction (Ligament of Treitz) down to ileocaecal valve. Material and Methods:All the patients admitted to PMCH, Patna and KMC, Katihar as intestinal obstruction was included for the study. The time period of study was from October 2014 to November 2016 in PMCH and December 2016 to January 2019 in KMC, Katihar. Out of all Intestinal obstruction 59 cases only of adult small gut obstruction were recorded for comparison and conclusive study.Conclusion: Small bowel obstruction remains a frequently encountered problem in abdominal surgery. Although modern day surgical management continues to focus appropriately on avoiding delayed operation, whatever surgery is indicated, not every patient is always best served by immediate operation

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Effect of the interaction between fungicide application time and rainfall simulation interval on Asian Soybean Rust control effectiveness

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p3881 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 3881 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marlon Tagliapietra Stefanello ◽

Ricardo Silveiro Balardin ◽

Simone Gripa Minuzzi ◽

Diego Dalla Favera ◽

Leandro Nascimento Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Control Effectiveness ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Negative Effect

Environmental factors affect the performance of fungicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). They also influence the residual activity of the products applied to the leaves. The objective of this study was to assess the control effectiveness of the interaction between fungicide application and rainfall simulation on Asian Soybean Rust (ASR). Two experiments were conducted, one in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, and the other in the field, in a randomized block design. Both the experiments had the same factorial arrangement of 6x5, with four replications. Factor A: Five fungicide applications time at 0400 h, 0900 h, 1400 h, 1800 h, 2300 h and, a control with no application; Factor B: four intervals of time between the application of fungicide and rainfall simulation at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min for the experiment in the greenhouse and at 2, 30, 60, 120 min for the experiment in the field. A control was included for both the experiments with no rainfall. The number of days to the appearance of the first pustules was determined, along with severity of ASR, relative chlorophyll index and productivity. It was found that the ASR control effectiveness of fungicide applications in soybean plants in sunlight was less efficient with rainfall simulation. The rainfall simulation had greater negative effect on disease control effectiveness in applications conducted at night under dew conditions. The application conducted at 0900 h showed the greatest disease control effectiveness in both greenhouse and in the field conditions. The 1400 h application showed decreased fungicide control residual and ASR control effectiveness, possibly due to a combination of the low relative humidity and high temperature. Rainfall simulation carried out at 120 min after application still had the ability to affect the ASR control effectiveness.

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Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-28-1-8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. P. Damicone ◽

K. E. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Wide Band ◽

Yield Response ◽

Application Method ◽

Sclerotinia Blight ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Application Methods ◽

Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with > 70% disease incidence and < 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P < 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of < 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided > 75% disease control and > 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

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Meta-Analysis of Present-Bias Estimation Using Convex Time Budgets

10.31222/osf.io/mjvt5 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Taisuke Imai ◽

Tom Rutter ◽

Colin Camerer

Keyword(s):

Time Budget ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Primary Source ◽

Monetary Reward ◽

Selective Reporting ◽

Bias Parameter ◽

Bias Estimation ◽

Current Time ◽

Present Bias ◽

Time Period

We examine 220 estimates of the present-bias parameter from 28 articles using the Convex Time Budget protocol. The literature shows that people are on average present biased, but the estimates exhibit substantial heterogeneity across studies. There is evidence of modest selective reporting in the direction of overreporting present-bias. The primary source of the heterogeneity is the type of reward, either monetary or non-monetary reward, but the effect is weakened after correcting for potential selective reporting. In the studies using the monetary reward, the delay until the issue of the reward associated with the "current" time period is shown to influence the estimates of present bias parameter.

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The correlation between serum Ca-125 level and clinical pregnancy in in vitro fertilization (IVF): A meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.18753/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xin-Lei Wang ◽

Zhuo Li ◽

Han Zhang ◽

Ce Shi ◽

Tong Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Pregnancy ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Time Period ◽

Central Register ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Several studies had investigated the role of serum Ca-125 in clinical pregnancy of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF); however, their conclusions had been inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum Ca-125 level and clinical pregnancy in IVF.Methods We systematically review the studies in the databases of Mediline OvidSP, EMBASE OvidSP and Cochrane (CENTRAL Central Register of Controlled Trials). Studies on the correlation between serum Ca-125 level and clinical pregnancy in patients underging IVF with or without Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were considered. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used in the analysis.Results Seven studies involving 558 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the serum Ca-125 level before embryo transfer (ET) between clinical pregnant group and nonpregnant group (SMD 0.72; 95% CI [0.01, 1.43], P = 0.05, I 2 = 88%), and the same conclusion was also reached in patients without endometriosis (SMD 0.31; 95% CI [-0.53, 1.16], P = 0.47, I 2 = 89%); However, after embryo transfer, the result showed that the Ca-125 level has a small but significantly increase in the clinical pregnant group than in the nonpregnant group (SMD 0.39; 95% CI [0.09, 0.69], P = 0.01, I 2 = 0%).Conclusions Berore ET, there was no significant correlation between serum Ca-125 level and clinical pregnancy in IVF; After ET, the Ca-125 level has a small but significantly increase in the clinical pregnant group than in the nonpregnant group, and it might reflect a successful interaction between the embryo and the endometrium in that time period.

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