scholarly journals Examining How Components of Devaluing and Fearing Happiness Connect at Different Levels of Depression: A Moderated Network Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C Collins ◽  
Alisson N. S. Lass ◽  
E. Samuel Winer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Moderate Range ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Different Levels

Meta-analytic findings have demonstrated that depressed individuals exhibit an attentional bias away from positive stimuli. Depressed individuals may avoid positivity due to previous associations with negative outcomes and thus exhibit fearful responses when presented with positivity. Fear of happiness (FHS) is a construct that examines the negative emotions associated with happiness and has been found to be greater in depressed individuals than non-depressed individuals. How the major components of FHS differentially relate in depressed versus non-depressed individuals is currently unknown. Thus, we examined the interactive components of FHS at different levels of depressive symptoms via a Moderated Network Model. Participants (N=966) were undergraduate students recruited from the psychology subject pool at a large southern university. Four models were conditioned to examine the network of individual FHS items with depressive symptoms as the moderator, measured by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report: (1) -1SD (no depressive symptoms), (2) mean (mild range), (3) +1SD (moderate range), and (4) +2SD (severe range). As depressive symptoms increased, items representing avoidance of positivity became more strongly connected. Additionally, a progressive change emerged such that connections that were positively related in individuals with no depressive symptoms were negatively related in individuals with elevated depressive symptoms (or vice versa). These findings provide further evidence that individuals who experience greater depressive symptoms may devalue positivity, demonstrating an opposite pattern seen among those without depressive symptoms.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

Parents' and Teachers' Sensitivity to Unhappiness Reported by Undercontrolled Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty C. Epanchin ◽  
Mary Sue Rennells
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Teacher Report ◽  
Behavioral Ratings ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Teacher Report Form

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate parents' and teachers' sensitivity to the unhappiness and depression of 110 elementary-aged undercontrolled children being treated in an inpatient program. Sensitivity was operationally defined as congruence between the child's responses on two self-report measures (Children's Depression Inventory and Hopelessness Scale for Children) and the adults' behavioral ratings of the children on behavior checklists (Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form). The first hypothesis that children's self-reports of depressive symptoms would not be significantly correlated with parents' and teachers' ratings of depressive symptomatology was supported. Secondly, it was hypothesized that there would be no differences in the level of self-reported depressive symptoms when children who were rated as depressed by their parents and teachers were compared with children rated as not depressed by their parents and teachers. This was also supported. Finally, it was hypothesized that children who reported significant levels of depressive symptomatology would be rated by their parents and teachers as having more behavior problems than children who did not report significant levels of depressed symptomatology. This was partially supported. The implications of these results in relation to identification and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Higher Residence Attachment and Religiosity Are Associated With Less Depressive Symptoms After Terror Event Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Korn ◽  
Miriam Billig ◽  
Gil Zukerman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Psychosomatic Complaints

Introduction: We examined how community type, residence attachment, and religiosity contribute to resilience to depressive symptoms, psychosomatic complaints, residential stress, and avoidance behavior among students exposed to terror.Methods: Undergraduate students from Ariel University (N = 1,413; 62.7% females; Mage = 26.5; SD = 6.03) completed a self-report questionnaire on socio-demographics, terror exposure, place attachment, and depressive/psychosomatic symptoms. Participants were divided into three residential groups: “Ariel,” “Small settlement communities in Judea and Samaria” or “Other places in Israel.”Results: Participants from small settlement communities in Judea and Samaria showed significantly fewer depressive symptoms and greater adjustment– less avoidance, psychosomatic symptoms, and residential stress– compared to those living in Ariel or other places in Israel, despite significantly higher exposure to terror.Conclusion: Greater religiosity and residence attachment may protect against depressive symptom development following terror exposure. Secular, temporary residents living in highly terror-exposed areas should be targeted for community strengthening interventions.

scholarly journals Treating Insomnia with High Risk of Depression Using Therapist-Guided Digital Cognitive, Behavioral, and Circadian Rhythm Support Interventions to Prevent Worsening of Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jeanne Leerssen ◽  
Oti Lakbila-Kamal ◽  
Laura M.S. Dekkers ◽  
Savannah L.C. Ikelaar ◽  
Anne C.W. Albers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The global disease burden of major depressive disorder urgently requires prevention in high-risk individuals, such as recently discovered insomnia subtypes. Previous studies targeting insomnia with fully automated eHealth interventions to prevent depression are inconclusive: dropout was high and likely biased, and depressive symptoms in untreated participants on average improved rather than worsened. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This randomized controlled trial aimed to efficiently prevent the worsening of depressive symptoms by selecting insomnia subtypes at high risk of depression for internet-based circadian rhythm support (CRS), cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), or their combination (CBT-I+CRS), with online therapist guidance to promote adherence. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants with an insomnia disorder subtype conveying an increased risk of depression (<i>n</i> = 132) were randomized to no treatment (NT), CRS, CBT-I, or CBT-I+CRS. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self Report (IDS-SR) was self-administered at baseline and at four follow-ups spanning 1 year. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Without treatment, depressive symptoms indeed worsened (<i>d</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> = 0.041) in high-risk insomnia, but not in a reference group with low-risk insomnia. Therapist-guided CBT-I and CBT-I+CRS reduced IDS-SR ratings across all follow-up assessments (respectively, <i>d</i> = –0.80, <i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>d</i> = –0.95, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Only CBT-I+CRS reduced the 1-year incidence of clinically meaningful worsening (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Dropout during therapist-guided interventions was very low (8%) compared to previous automated interventions (57–62%). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The findings tentatively suggest that the efficiency of population-wide preventive strategies could benefit from the possibility to select insomnia subtypes at high risk of developing depression for therapist-guided digital CBT-I+CRS. This treatment may provide effective long-term prevention of worsening of depressive symptoms. <b><i>Trial registration:</i></b> the Netherlands Trial Register (NL7359).

Eating pathology and depressive symptoms as predictors of excessive weight gain during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532091393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah M Hecht ◽  
Natalie Schwartz ◽  
Lisa R Miller-Matero ◽  
Jordan M Braciszewski ◽  
Alissa Haedt-Matt
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with negative outcomes and the identification of contributing psychosocial factors may be useful in prevention and intervention. Pregnant women ( N = 70) completed self-report measures of eating pathology, depressive symptomatology, and gestational weight gain. Global eating pathology was positively associated with overvaluation of shape and weight, dietary restraint, frequency of binge eating, and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms significantly predicted excessive gestational weight gain, while global eating pathology predicted excessive gestational weight gain at a trend level. Results suggest that depressive symptoms more strongly predict excessive gestational weight gain than eating pathology.

Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krämer Rico
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Online Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group

BACKGROUND Digital health applications are efficacious treatment options for mild-to-moderate depressive disorders. However, the extent to which psychological guidance increases the efficacy of these applications is controversial. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of the online intervention “Selfapy” for unipolar depression. We also investigated differences between a psychotherapist-guided vs. unguided version compared with those from a control group. METHODS A cohort of 401 participants with mild-to-severe depressive disorders were assigned randomly to either participate in a guided version of Selfapy (involving weekly telephone calls of 25-min duration), an unguided version of Selfapy, or to the waiting list (control group). Selfapy is a cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention for depressive disorders of duration 12 weeks. Symptom assessment was undertaken at T1 (before study entrance), T2 (after 6 weeks), T3 (post-treatment, after 12 weeks), and T4 (follow-up, after 6 months). The main outcome was reduction in depressive symptoms in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) from T1 to T3. Secondary-outcome parameters were the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self Report (QIDS-SR 16) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS A total of 297 out of 401 participants (74.06%) completed the post-measurement at T3. In the primary analysis, both intervention groups showed a significantly higher reduction in depressive symptoms (BDI-II) from T1 to T3 compared with that in the control group, with high within-effect sizes (guided: d = 1.46; unguided d = 1.36). No significant differences were found for guided vs. unguided treatment groups. The response rate (BDI-II) for intention-to-treat data in the guided version was 46.4%, 40.0% for the unguided version, and 2.0% in the control group. After 6 months (T4), treatment effects could been maintained for both intervention groups (BDI-II) without differences between either intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Selfapy can help to reduce depressive symptoms in guided or unguided version. Follow-up data suggest that these effects could be maintained. The guided version was not superior to the unguided version. CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trial DRKS00017191 Date of registration: 14 May 2019 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05218-4

scholarly journals Depressive symptomatology in hospitalised children

Curationis ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangaka ◽  
C. Rose ◽  
L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
Mood Scale

This study was undertaken to determine the extent and nature of depressive symptoms exhibited by black South African children during hospitalisation for orthopaedic procedures. Social factors associated with the risk for depression, in response to hospitalisation, were also examined. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted on a sample of 30 children aged between 6 and 12 years. The assessment entailed a structured interview, together with the following psychometric instruments: A Global Mood Scale, a Depressive Symptoms Checklist, a Hospital Fears Rating Scale and a Self Report Depression Rating Scale. A large proportion of the children were rated by ward sisters as showing high levels of depressive symptomatology two weeks after admission to hospital. As expected, discrepancies were found between adult and child self-ratings of depression. The results of this study indicate that hospitalisation for orthopaedic child patients is associated with the development of depressive symptomatology. It is suggested that emphasis be placed on the development of supportive programmes and procedures aimed at maximising children's coping responses to hospitalisation, particularly for children who find themselves Isolated from their communities and families, as a result of both centralised health services and poor socio-economic conditions.

The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (Clinician and Self-Report Versions) in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira H. Bernstein ◽  
A. John Rush ◽  
Trisha Suppes ◽  
Yakasushi Kyotoku ◽  
Diane Warden
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Sad Mood ◽  
Illness Phase

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The clinical and self-report versions of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-C16 and QIDS-SR16) have been well studied in patients with major depressive disorder and in one recent study using patients with bipolar disorder. This article examines these measures in a second sample of 141 outpatients with bipolar disorder in different phases of the illness.Methods: At baseline, 61 patients were depressed and 30 were euthymic; at exit, 50 were depressed and 52 were euthymic. The remaining patients (at baseline or exit) were in either a manic or mixed phase and were pooled for statistical reasons.Results: Similar results were found for the QIDS-C16 and QIDS-SR16. Scores were reasonably reliable to the extent that variability within groups permitted. As expected, euthymic patients showed less depressive symptomatology than depressed patients. Sad mood and general interest were tne most discriminating symptoms between depressed and euthymic phases. Changes in illness phase (baseline to exit) were associated with substantial changes in scores. The relation of individual depressive symptoms to the overall level of depression was consistent across phases.Conclusion: Both the QIDS-SR16 and QIDS-C16 are suitable measures of depressive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder.

Negative Self-Beliefs in Relation to Eating Disorder and Depressive Symptoms: Different Themes Are Characteristic of the Two Sets of Symptoms in Those With Eating Disorders and/or Depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra J. Cooper ◽  
Phil Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms

This study aimed to identify differences in the personal themes in negative self or core beliefs that might be characteristic of high levels of eating disorder symptoms when compared to high levels of depressive symptoms in those with an eating disorder and/or depression. Differences between putative diagnostic subgroups were also examined. One hundred and ninety-three participants completed self-report measures of negative self-beliefs, eating, and depressive symptoms. Putative diagnostic subgroups were also identified, including an eating disorder group that also had high levels of depressive symptomatology and in most cases a diagnosis of depression. Six themes descriptive of the self corresponding to 6 robust factors were identified and provisionally labeled isolated, repelled by self, self-dislike, lacking in warmth, childlike, and highly organized. Multiple regression analyses indicated that, in the whole sample, eating disorder symptoms were uniquely predicted by subscales reflective of repelled by self and lacking in warmth, though depressive symptoms were uniquely predicted by subscales measuring isolation and self-dislike. Between-group analyses indicated that high scores on isolation, self-dislike, and lacking in warmth were typical of both eating-disordered and depressed-only diagnostic groups when compared to the control group, though only the eating-disordered group (also high in depressive symptoms and “diagnosis” of depression) also had high scores on repelled by self. The findings indicate that eating disorder and depressive symptoms are associated with some potentially important differences in self-beliefs. Putative diagnostic subgroups may also differ in these beliefs. The findings further indicate that psychometrically sound themes exist in the core or negative self-beliefs associated with eating disorder and depressive symptoms. Implications of the findings for cognitive therapy with eating disorders and depression are briefly considered, and the limitations and implications of the diagnostic subgroups identified here are discussed.

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