scholarly journals Kangaroo Island Shipwreck Shelter Huts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McKinnon ◽  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Ian Moffat
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Notice Board ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Corrugated Metal

During the 19th century maritime trade and traffic was expanding rapidly along South Australia’s coastline (Parsons, 1983: 5; Griffin & McCaskill, 1986: 20; Jeffery, 1989: 52; Coroneos, 1997: 19). These increases in shipping in combination with the rugged and relatively sparsely populated coastline led to an increase in shipwrecks, cargo loss, and loss of life. As a result, lifesaving stations and shipwreck shelter huts were erected along the coast and on Kangaroo Island in an effort to decrease the effects of these maritime disasters, aid in the recovery of shipwreck survivors and cargo, and prevent further deaths from occurring once individuals made it ashore. Records indicate that as early as 1905, and probably earlier, shipwreck shelter huts were erected on the western end of Kangaroo Island (Thorpe, 1905; Admiralty Chart, 1913; Clare, n.d.; Rocky River Flinders Chase National Park Visitor Centre, n.d.; Hope Cottage National Trust Museum in Kingscote, n.d.). These stations were simply huts built of corrugated metal, wood and stone. There were no individuals stationed at the huts to provide assistance, but they contained enough supplies to sustain shipwreck survivors until further help arrived or until such time as they were well enough to walk for help. Items such as bread, meat, water, blankets and rockets were stored inside. A notice board was posted outside declaring that the supplies were only to be used by shipwreck survivors, indicating the location of the nearest settlement, and providing instructions for opening the stores and for firing rockets. It is uncertain if any shipwrecked people ever used these shelter huts; however, they remain an interesting and integral part of the maritime history of South Australia and Kangaroo Island. This article is the result of a project designed to locate and document the archaeological remains of two early shipwreck shelter huts located at Cape du Couedic and West Bay on Kangaroo Island. The documentation of these shipwreck shelter huts is the beginning of a needed investigation of shore-based lifesaving and shelter hut stations. Much like shipwreck survivor camps (Gibbs, 2003: 128–129), maritime archaeologists have paid little attention to these sites as they are located onshore and are separate from shipwreck events. When these sites have been addressed, they are treated subsidiary to the particular details of a single shipwreck event (Society for Underwater Historical Research [SUHR], 1977; Smith, et al., 2005). Although preliminary, this paper will outline an archaeological survey programme for two shipwreck shelter huts in an effort to establish these as a site type and place them within a larger comparative framework of maritime archaeological sites, including shipwrecks, and other maritime infrastructure.

scholarly journals Some aspects of city archaeology in historical context (on the example of Prymorskyj Boulevard in Odesa)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site

The study on archaeological sites has some peculiarities when undertaken inside the territories of modern cities. And the reason behind it is not only the usual situation when parts of a site are covered by present-day constructions or cut by communication trenches. Sometimes a stratigraphic position and/or a level of recovery for ancient artefacts are blurred by inherent ambiguity. This is exactly the case, which can be traced for the settlement of ancient times on the Primorsky Boulevard of Odessa. The variability of the level of occurrence of the cultural layer and the virgin soil can be explained by referring to historical documentation. During the design and preparation of the territory for the landing of trees and construction, preparatory work was carried out. The area was cleared and leveled down. In addition, one should keep in mind the relief of the terrain, the presence of slopes, the elevation drop, the leveling of which led to the present ambiguous stratigraphic situation. The cultural layer was also damaged when some soil was withdrawn from its original position from the territory of the former military barracks, which were located here at the beginning of the XIX century in order to strengthen the slopes of the boulevard. These works are recorded in archival data stored in the State Archive of Odessa region. The construction of numerous communications also contributed to the inevitable alterations in the state of the settlement's preservation. Given the available historical information, it is possible that individual archaeological sites can be discovered during the reconstruction of existing buildings located on Primorsky Boulevard. The history of construction and subsequent re-building on the Primorsky Boulevard is linked with the material remains that are stored underground. Consideration of this aspect provides the necessary information on the identification of objects that can be found in archaeological sites situated underneath the modern buildings. There is an obvious and urgent necessity of archaeological supervision for all types of reconstruction or building works, in accordance with existing legislation. This conclusion is relevant not only to the territory of the ancient settlement, but also to its surveillance zone. The construction works should be suspended until the final archaeological research, if archaeological sites would be identified. Key words: Classical age, city archaeology, cultural layer, Prymorskyj Boulevard.

scholarly journals Mapping Heterogeneous Buried Archaeological Features Using Multisensor Data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Brooke ◽  
Ben Clutterbuck
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Technique ◽  
Target Design ◽  
Multisensor Data

There is a long history of the use of aerial imagery for archaeological research, but the application of multisensor image data has only recently been facilitated by the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Two archaeological sites in the East Midlands U.K. that differ in age and topography were selected for survey using multisensor imaging from a fixed-wing UAV. The aim of this study was to determine optimum methodology for the use of UAVs in examining archaeological sites that have no obvious surface features and examine issues of ground control target design, thermal effects, image processing and advanced filtration. The information derived from the range of sensors used in this study enabled interpretation of buried archaeology at both sites. For any archaeological survey using UAVs, the acquisition of visible colour (RGB), multispectral, and thermal imagery as a minimum are advised, as no single technique is sufficient to attempt to reveal the maximum amount of potential information.

Landform boundary effects on Holocene forager landscape use in arid South Australia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Marwick
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Effect ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Mobile Gis ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Field Data Collection ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Resource Characteristics

Landscapes throughout any region vary in the resources they contain. We investigate how Holocene forager populations adapted to this variation in the linear sand dune desert of arid South Australia. We use data from surface scatters of stone artefacts collected during pedestrian survey to compare behaviours at landform boundaries to behaviours at the centers of landforms. We propose a model of human use of the landscape that predicts the prehistoric occupants of the study were sensitive to the different economic potential of subtly dissimilar landscapes. In evaluating the model we find that there are different densities of archaeological sites in each landscape type. We also find indications of a boundary effect resulting from people having used marginal areas of each landscape type in response to the resource characteristics of adjoining landforms. In addition, we make some observations on our field data collection methods, identifying the general conditions where mobile GIS may be optimally efficient for archaeological survey

“We Cannot Pray Without Kumyshka”: Alcohol in Udmurt Ritual Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Eva Toulouze ◽  
Laur Vallikivi
Keyword(s):  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract We trace the history of the uses of the alcoholic drink known as kumyshka among the Udmurt. Our focus is on kumyshka’s ritual uses both in public and domestic contexts in the second half of the 19th century, the early 20th century as well as the early 21st century. We suggest that kumyshka not only represents a site of resistance to the dominant religious regime, i.e. Russian Orthodoxy, but is also a tool for self-enhancement and identity making for this indigenous people in the Volga River basin in Central Russia. The consumption of kumyshka has been a frequent object of criticism in the accounts of Orthodox clergy, scholars, doctors, travellers and administrators. Most accounts show a moralising stance, which only occasionally reflects the local understandings behind its uses. As anthropologists working in the region, we compare these historical sources with the current practices. We discuss changes in the religious sphere as well as in gender roles related to the uses of kumyshka.

scholarly journals Creating Religious Identities: Buddhist Monuments in Colonial and Post-Colonial India

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Prabha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Director General ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
And Control

This paper draws on my work on the maritime history of early South and Southeast Asia and the use of sea-lanes of the Indian Ocean by pilgrims for visits to sites associated with the life of the Buddha. A second perspective is provided by the rediscovery of Buddhism in Europe coinciding with the development of new disciplines, including archaeology. These disciplines were introduced into India with the government-sponsored Archaeological Survey of India, founded in 1871. Alexander Cunningham, the first Director-General, brought Buddhism to the forefront and established its study as a separate sub-discipline. This had far-reaching implications for the demarcation and archaeological investigation of many of the monuments linked to Buddhism, especially Bodh Gaya and Sanchi. This paper addresses the issue of the manifestation of a Buddhist identity in colonial India. It is often suggested that this identity owed its origins to the formation of the Mahabodhi Society and the emergence of nationalism in Sri Lanka. This paper examines political developments in India in the context of the Navayana or the Neo-Buddhist path, forged by B.R. Ambedkar on the 2500th anniversary of Buddha’s parinirvana, or demise, in 1956. To what extent did this newly formed identity become interlinked with the identification and control of archaeological sites in India and their redefinition? How did the renegotiation of Buddhist identity affect India’s relationship with Thailand?

scholarly journals The excavation of three archaeological sites on Moreton Island: First Ridge and the Little Sandhills

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Robins
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Disturbed Condition ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
A Site ◽  
Southeast Queensland

The three sites reported herein were excavated in 1980 as part of more detailed examination of sites found during an archaeological survey of Moreton Island in 1979 (Robins 1983, also this volume). Two of them are at First Ridge on the northeastern side and the other is located in the Little Sandhills in the southwestern coast. They were excavated for three reasons. First, as they were originally identified as small piles of shell, a site type not previously recorded in coastal southeast Queensland, I wished to demonstrate that small scale excavation should, in certain circumstances, be incorporated into site surveys undertaken to identify and describe the basic characteristics of the archaeological record. Third, I wanted to illustrate the fact that sites which are often rated low in archaeological significance due to their small size, lack of stratigraphy, disturbed condition, etc., may often be of considerable value.

Search and Documentation of Underwater Archaeological Sites

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Area Survey ◽  
A Site ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Archaeological survey is fundamental to archaeological data collection. Underwater archaeology is developing and maturing as a discipline. The levels of technology available for investigations are variable depending on the objectives of surveys. Prior to entering the field, it is essential to do a complete desktop research, an in-office examination of available literature, and to develop a survey plan. This article describes different methods and the tools used for probing, which are used for examining subsurface features or defining the extent of a site. Remote sensing is an effective method to search for cultural material in a marine context. Once a general survey has located acoustic targets, magnetic anomalies, or other areas of interest, a predisturbance site survey of the targets may be conducted. Accurate positioning during a predisturbance investigation is critical. With an area survey complete or a predisturbance survey conducted, the next step in the archaeological process is excavation.

scholarly journals Status of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) off Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bannister
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Eubalaena Australis ◽  
Right Whales ◽  
Southern Right Whales ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of Australian right whaling is briefly reviewed. Most catching took place in the first half of the 19th century, with a peak inthe 1830s, involving bay whaling by locals and visiting whaleships in winter and whaling offshore in the summer. In the early 20th century,right whales were regarded as at least very rare, if not extinct. The first published scientific record for Australian waters in the 20th centurywas a sighting near Albany, Western Australia, in 1955. Increasing sightings close to the coast in winter and spring led to annual aerialsurveys off southern Western Australia from 1976. To allow for possible effects of coastwise movements, coverage was extended intoSouth Australian waters from 1993. Evidence from 19th century pelagic catch locations, recent sightings surveys, 1960s Soviet catch dataand photographically-identified individuals is beginning to confirm earlier views about likely seasonal movements to and from warm watercoastal breeding grounds and colder water feeding grounds. Increase rates of ca 7-13% have been observed since 1983. Some effects ofdifferent breeding female cohort strength are now beginning to appear. A minimum population size of ca 700 for the period 1995-97 issuggested for the bulk of the ‘Australian’ population, i.e. animals approaching the ca 2,000km of coast between Cape Leeuwin, WesternAustralia and Ceduna, South Australia.

scholarly journals Doro Bata Site in Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat: Study on Form, Space, and Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Rema ◽  
Ni Putu Eka Juliawati ◽  
Hedwi Prihatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Experts

Situs Doro Bata merupakan situs yang memiliki nilai penting bagi sejarah kebudayaan masyarakat Dompu, yang masih dapat disaksikan jejak-jejaknya hingga saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk, ruang, dan waktu Situs Dorobata. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dengan teknik ekskavasi, studi pustaka, dan wawancara. Data kemudian dianalisis secara spesifik, himpunan, dan konteks. Berdasarkan kegiatan penelitian di situs ini, dapat diketahui bahwa Bukit Dorobata berbentuk teras dengan tujuh undakan dan sebuah tangga masuk dari arah barat, dan pada bagian puncaknya ditemukan struktur pondasi yang diduga sebagai pondasi bangunan dengan konstruksi kayu. Situs ini berada pada sebuah bukit yang layak dijadikan hunian mengingat dukungan sumber daya alam di sekitarnya.  Berdasarkan keterangan budayawan dan hasil studi literatur diketahui bahwa situs ini tercipta ketika Dompu mendapatkan pengaruh kebudayaan Majapahit pada abad ke-14, dan diduga ditinggalkan pada abad ke-19 ketika meletusnya gunung Tambora.Doro Bata site is a site that has an important value for cultural history of Dompu society, of which traces can still be witnessed to this day. The purpose of this research is to recognize the form, space, and time of Doro Bata Site. Data collection was done through observation by excavation technique, literature study, and interview. The collected data was then analyzed and summarized. Based on the research activities on this site, it can be evident that the Doro Bata Hill is a seven-step terrace (berundak) and a stairway entering from the west, and at the top part was found a structure presumably as the foundation of a building with wooden construction. This site is located on a hill that deserves to be occupied into the settlement given the support of natural resources in the vicinity area. Based on the information from a number of cultural experts and the results of literature studies, it is known that this site was created when Dompu got the influence of Majapahit culture in the 14th century, and allegedly abandoned in the 19th century during the eruption of Mount Tambora. 

Mission Tracks in the Bush

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Gemma Tulud Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
History Of

Christian missionaries played an important role in the Australian nation building that started in the nineteenth century. This essay explores the multifaceted and complex cultural encounters in the context of two aboriginal missions in Australia in the nineteenth century. More specifically, the essay explores the New Norcia mission in Western Australia in 1846-1900 and the Lutheran mission in South Australia in 1838-1853. The essay begins with an overview of the history of the two missions followed by a discussion of the key faces of the cultural encounters that occurred in the course of the missions. This is followed by theological reflections on the encounters in dialogue with contemporary theology, particularly the works of Robert Schreiter.

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