scholarly journals Doro Bata Site in Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat: Study on Form, Space, and Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Rema ◽  
Ni Putu Eka Juliawati ◽  
Hedwi Prihatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Experts

Situs Doro Bata merupakan situs yang memiliki nilai penting bagi sejarah kebudayaan masyarakat Dompu, yang masih dapat disaksikan jejak-jejaknya hingga saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk, ruang, dan waktu Situs Dorobata. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dengan teknik ekskavasi, studi pustaka, dan wawancara. Data kemudian dianalisis secara spesifik, himpunan, dan konteks. Berdasarkan kegiatan penelitian di situs ini, dapat diketahui bahwa Bukit Dorobata berbentuk teras dengan tujuh undakan dan sebuah tangga masuk dari arah barat, dan pada bagian puncaknya ditemukan struktur pondasi yang diduga sebagai pondasi bangunan dengan konstruksi kayu. Situs ini berada pada sebuah bukit yang layak dijadikan hunian mengingat dukungan sumber daya alam di sekitarnya.  Berdasarkan keterangan budayawan dan hasil studi literatur diketahui bahwa situs ini tercipta ketika Dompu mendapatkan pengaruh kebudayaan Majapahit pada abad ke-14, dan diduga ditinggalkan pada abad ke-19 ketika meletusnya gunung Tambora.Doro Bata site is a site that has an important value for cultural history of Dompu society, of which traces can still be witnessed to this day. The purpose of this research is to recognize the form, space, and time of Doro Bata Site. Data collection was done through observation by excavation technique, literature study, and interview. The collected data was then analyzed and summarized. Based on the research activities on this site, it can be evident that the Doro Bata Hill is a seven-step terrace (berundak) and a stairway entering from the west, and at the top part was found a structure presumably as the foundation of a building with wooden construction. This site is located on a hill that deserves to be occupied into the settlement given the support of natural resources in the vicinity area. Based on the information from a number of cultural experts and the results of literature studies, it is known that this site was created when Dompu got the influence of Majapahit culture in the 14th century, and allegedly abandoned in the 19th century during the eruption of Mount Tambora. 

Architecture, Modernism and Nation-Building in Kemalist Turkey

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Bozdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Deeply rooted in “the great transformation” brought about by capitalism, industrialization and urban life, the history of modern architecture in the West is intricately intertwined with the rise of the bourgeoisie. Modernism in architecture, before anything else, is a reaction to the social and environmental ills of the industrial city, and to the bourgeois aesthetic of the 19th century. It emerged first as a series of critical, utopian and radical movements in the first decades of the twentieth century, eventually consolidating itself into an architectural establishment by the 1930s. The dissemination of the so-called “modern movement” outside Europe coincides with the eclipse of the plurality and critical force of early modernist currents and their reduction to a unified, formalist and doctrinaire position.

Women, Writing and the Iraqi Ba'thist State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraa Al-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
The State ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Material Form

The book examines the trajectory of the state sponsored novel in Iraq and considers the ways in which explicitly political and/or ideological texts functioned as resistive counter narratives. It argues that both the novel and ‘progressive’ discourses on women were used as markers of Iraq’s cultural revival under the Ba‘th and were a key element in the state’s propaganda campaign within Iraq and abroad. In an effort to expand its readership and increase support for its pan-Arab project, the Iraqi Ba‘th almost completely eradicated illiteracy among women. As Iraq was metaphorically transformed into a ‘female’, through its nationalist trope, women writers simultaneously found opportunities and faced obstacles from the state, as the ‘Woman Question’ became a site of contention between those who would advocate the progressiveness of the Ba‘th and those who would stress its repressiveness and immorality. By exploring discourses on gender in both propaganda and high art fictional writings by Iraqis, this book offers an alternative narrative of the literary and cultural history of Iraq. It ultimately expands the idea of cultural resistance beyond the modern/traditional, progressive/backward paradigms that characterise discourses on Arab women and the state, and argues that resistance is embedded in the material form of texts as much as their content or ideological message.

scholarly journals Plastic (in) Paradise: Karen Tei Yamashita’s Through the Arc of the Rain Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Michaela Keck
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Historiographic Metafiction ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site

This contribution examines the magic-realist metaphor of the Matacão in Karen Tei Yamashita’s (1990) debut novel Through the Arc of the Rain Forest as a trope that invites us to imagine, reflect on, and explore plastic’s cross-cultural meanings, aesthetic experiences, and materialist implications. I contend that through the Matacão, Yamashita engenders a narrative about, as well as an aesthetic experience of, plastic that is inherently ambivalent and paradoxical. While it provides societies with material wealth and sensual pleasures, it poses at the same time a profound threat to life – human and nonhuman. The main part of the article is divided into two major sections: in the first part, I read Yamashita’s story about the Matacão as historiographic metafiction that parodies the socio-cultural history of plastic and its utopian promises and failures. In the second part, I draw on Catherine Malabou’s philosophical concept of plasticity to explore the Matacão’s material agency, as well as the social mobility and economic connectivity of Yamashita’s human protagonists in their plastic environments. The theoretical perspective of Malabou’s concept of plasticity shifts the focus to the agentic forces of the waste material and allows us to read Yamashita’s Matacão as both a site and material that, notwithstanding its devastating impacts, also holds potentialities for resilience and repair, and even the possibility for an, at least temporary, utopia.

scholarly journals The historian of the book and book business I. E. Barenbaum (to the 100th anniversary of his birth)

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Petr N. Bazanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Books ◽  
The 19Th Century

A detailed review of the scientific activities of professor I. Ye. Barenbaum (1921–2006), the most famous representative of the St. Petersburg school of bibliology in the field of the history of books and book business, is given. Particular attention is paid to his contribution to the study of the history of books in the second half of the 19th century. The role of I. Ye. Barenbaum as an innovator and pioneer in the study of the history of the publishing activity of revolutionary democrats is substantiated. The scientific heritage of the scientist is about 400 publications. I. Ye. Barenbaum’s main research activities were the history of the book business of St. Petersburg, the history of revolutionary-democratic book publishing in the 19th century, the history of the reader, and the French book in Russia. The article analyzes the main works devoted to the book business of St. Petersburg. His contribution to the creation of textbooks on the history of the book is shown. The work of I. Ye. Barenbaum on the historiography of the history of the book is considered.

A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age covers the period 1900 to today, a time marked by massive global changes in production, transportation, and information-sharing in a post-colonial world. New materials and inventions – from plastics to the digital to biotechnology – have created unprecedented scales of disruption, shifting and blurring the categories and meanings of the object. If the 20th Century demonstrated that humans can be treated like things whilst things can become ever more human, where will the 21st Century take us? The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Objects examines how objects have been created, used, interpreted and set loose in the world over the last 2500 years. Over this time, the West has developed particular attitudes to the material world, at the centre of which is the idea of the object. The themes covered in each volume are objecthood; technology; economic objects; everyday objects; art; architecture; bodily objects; object worlds.

Urban Formalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Faflik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The West ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Street Protest ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Form ◽  
The City

Urban Formalism radically reimagines what it meant to “read” a brave new urban world during the transformative middle decades of the nineteenth century. At a time when contemporaries in the twin capitals of modernity in the West, New York and Paris, were learning to make sense of unfamiliar surroundings, city peoples increasingly looked to the experiential patterns, or forms, from their everyday lives in an attempt to translate urban experience into something they could more easily comprehend. Urban Formalism interrogates both the risks and rewards of an interpretive practice that depended on the mutual relation between urbanism and formalism, at a moment when the subjective experience of the city had reached unprecedented levels of complexity. What did it mean to read a city sidewalk as if it were a literary form, like a poem? On what basis might the material form of a burning block of buildings be received as a pleasurable spectacle? How closely aligned were the ideology and choreography of the political form of a revolutionary street protest? And what were the implications of conceiving of the city’s exciting dynamism in the static visual form of a photographic composition? These are the questions that Urban Formalism asks and begins to answer, with the aim of proposing a revisionist semantics of the city. This book not only provides an original cultural history of forms. It posits a new form of urban history, comprised of the representative rituals of interpretation that have helped give meaningful shape to metropolitan life.

Ikhwanweb: A digital archive for a post-Islamist movement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo d’Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Nodal Point ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Digital Archive ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Islamist Movement

The article looks at Ikhwanweb, the English website of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (MB), from its early days and through the years before the 25th January revolution. The archive is used as a theoretical concept to capture both the symbolic and material struggles that the MB faced while trying to articulate its political vision. As a nodal point where power and knowledge intersect, the concept of the archive was first theorized by Foucault and Derrida. Ikhwanweb is examined as a digital archive, a site for both knowledge and memory production. The first section deals with the main analytical concept; the second tells the troubled history of the material infrastructure required to run the website. Then two main threads are identified and examined. The need to distantiate the organization from political violence and that of reaching out ‘the West’ shaped the content of Ikhwanweb. The website also allowed the group to interact directly with policy-making circles and research institutions. Can this be said to be part of that process Bayat calls post-Islamism? The concluding section reflects on this question and suggests a more ambivalent picture.

Book Review: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte/Revue suisse d'histoire/Rivista storica svizzera 56, 1 (2006), special issue Verkehrsgeschichte, Train Tracks: Work, Play and Politics on the Railway, The Bridges of Medieval England: Transport and Society, 400–1800, Social Dimensions of Sustainable Transport: Transatlantic Perspectives, Storia dei trasporti in Italia, Konzentration und Krise der deutschen Schiffahrt. Maritime Wirtschaft und Politik im Kaiserreich, in der Weimarer Republik und im Nationalsozialismus, Naked Airport: A Cultural History of the World's Most Revolutionary Structure, Le Saint-Laurent et les Grands Lacs au temps de la vapeur 1850–1950, Carriers and Coachmasters: Trade and Travel before the Turnpikes, The Dangers of Bus Reregulation, Das Verkehrssystem als Modernisierungsfaktor. Straßen, Post, Fuhrwesen und Reisen nach Triest und Fiume vom Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Eisenbahnzeitalter, Cars and Culture: The Life Story of a Technology, Der holprige Siegeszug des Automobils 1895–1930. Zur Motorisierung des Straßenverkehrs in Frankreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz, Motorphobia: Antiautomobiler Protest in Kaiserreich und Weimarer Republik, The West Highland Railway: Plans, Politics and People, Handel und Verkehr im 20. Jahrhundert (Enzyklopädie deutscher Geschichte, Ships' Fastenings: From Sewn Boat to Steamship, Von der Preussag zur TUI. Wege und Wandlungen eines Unternehmens 1923–2003, St Christoph am Arlberg. Die Geschichte von Hospiz und Taverne, Kapelle und Bruderschaft, von Brücken, Wegen und Wasserstraßen, Säumern, Wirten und anderen Menschen an einem Alpenpaß. Ende des 14. bis Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts, Dow's Dictionary of Railway Quotations, Freizeit und Vergnügen vom 14. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, Von der Chaussee zur Schiene. Militär und Eisenbahnen in Preußen 1833 bis 1866

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-158
Author(s):  
Gijs Mom ◽  
Ian Carter ◽  
Stephan Epstein ◽  
John Whitelegg ◽  
Valentina Fava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The West ◽  
Weimarer Republik ◽  
History Of ◽  
Train Tracks

scholarly journals All-Metal Book Bindings in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Hana Slovik-Vávrová ◽  
Radomír Slovik
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article presents the results of the research activities of Hana Slovik-Vávrová concerning the mapping of preserved all-metal brass book bindings in the collections of institutions in the Czech Republic. She has recorded a total of 145 of these exceptional book bindings from between the end of the 18th century and the 1920s, coming from 18 organisations. All-metal book bindings have not been devoted enough attention although they represent a very interesting chapter in the history of book binding. An outcome of this work is a comprehensive description and detailed documentation of all researched all-metal book bindings. A valuable part is a catalogue of book bindings and of ornaments used in the decoration of all-metal book bindings.

scholarly journals PENGARCAAN DEWA WISNU PADA MASA HINDU-BUDDHA DI BALI (ABAD VII-XIV MASEHI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
I Kadek Sudana Wira Darma
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erwin Panofsky

Figurine of goddess Vishnu is an archaeological remain of Hindu-Buddhist period that rarely found in Bali. This research examines the variation of iconography, as well as the role and the position of Vishnu in the Hindu-Buddhist period in Bali in VII-XIV Century AD. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the history of Balinese culture in the past, especially in the religion aspect. The methods of data collection are literature study, observation and interviews as well as data processing through the analysis of comparative iconography, and iconoplastic. The theory that used to assist analysis is a theory of religious iconology and iconography of Erwin Panofsky. Based on the results of the study found that there is a variation of the iconography on the statues of Vishnu in Hindu-Buddhist period in Bali. The variation can be seen in the variety of depictions of jewelry, clothing, “laksana” and posture. There are also variations for the iconography that caused by the factors of the ability and creativity of the artists, social restriction, cultural influence and raw material of the statue. The role and position of Vishnu in the Hindu-Buddhist period in Bali as a protector and preserver. His position is important although it is not as high as the god of Shiva. Arca Dewa Wisnu merupakan tinggalan arkeologi dari periode Hindu- Buddha yang sangat sedikit ditemukan di Bali. Penelitian ini meneliti variasi ikonografi, serta peranan dan kedudukan Dewa Wisnu pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Bali abad VII-XIV Masehi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merekonstruksi sejarah kebudayaan masyarakat Bali pada masa lalu terutama aspek religinya. Penulis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data seperti studi pustaka, observasi dan wawancara serta pengolahan data melalui analisis ikonografi, ikonoplastik dan komparatif. Teori yang digunakan untuk membantu analisis adalah teori ikonografi dan ikonologi Erwin Panofsky. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa terdapat variasi ikonografi pada arcaarca dewa Wisnu pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Bali abad VII-XIV Masehi. Variasi terlihat pada ragam penggambaran perhiasan, busana, laksana, dan sikap tubuh. Adapun variasi ikonografi disebabkan oleh faktor kemampuan dan kreativitas seniman, batasan sosial, pengaruh budaya dan bahan baku arca. Peranan dan kedudukan dewa Wisnu pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Bali yaitu sebagai dewa pelindung dan pemelihara, kedudukannya sangat penting walaupun tidak setinggi Dewa Siwa.

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