scholarly journals The revolution of the Earth around the Sun causes the vortex-induced vibration of south-north trending bridges and impacts seismic activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Lu ◽  
Haili Ran ◽  
Ruohan Zheng ◽  
Ting Zeng ◽  
Cui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibration ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
East West ◽  
The Revolution

The vortex-induced vibration in east-west trending Humen Bridge in Guangdong, China is related to the self-rotation of the Earth, whereas the south-north trending Wuhan Parrot Island Bridge is more likely to be triggered by the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. In the early summer, the northern bank of Yangtze River is subjected to solar pull and decelerates more slowly towards the river with low density water. In late summer, the southern bank of the Yangtze River decelerates more slowly towards the river. These factors jointly contribute to the shortening of the distance between the piers of the bridge and trigger shaking of the bridge. Seismic activities are influenced by both self-rotation and revolution of the Earth.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations and north–south asymmetries in polar wind outflow due to solar illumination

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 961-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Maes ◽  
Romain Maggiolo ◽  
Johan De Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Polar Ionosphere ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Polar Wind ◽  
Simple Set ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. The cold ions (energy less than several tens of electronvolts) flowing out from the polar ionosphere, called the polar wind, are an important source of plasma for the magnetosphere. The main source of energy driving the polar wind is solar illumination, which therefore has a large influence on the outflow. Observations have shown that solar illumination creates roughly two distinct regimes where the outflow from a sunlit ionosphere is higher than that from a dark one. The transition between both regimes is at a solar zenith angle larger than 90°. The rotation of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun causes the magnetic polar cap to move into and out of the sunlight. In this paper we use a simple set-up to study qualitatively the effects of these variations in solar illumination of the polar cap on the ion flux from the whole polar cap. We find that this flux exhibits diurnal and seasonal variations even when combining the flux from both hemispheres. In addition there are asymmetries between the outflows from the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

scholarly journals Self-Organization of Water Molecules Over 11-Year Solar Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Abstract The variations of solar activity and distribution of solar energy due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis and around the Sun exert a strong influence on the self-organization of water molecules. As a result, the rate of hydrolytic processes with the participation of water clusters displays diurnal, very large annual variations, and is also modulated by the 11-year cycles of solar activity. It also depends on the geographic latitude and can be different at the same time in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This phenomenon is well accounted for by the influence of muons on the self-organization of water molecules. Muons are constantly generated in the upper atmosphere by the solar wind. They reach the surface of the Earth and can penetrate to some depth underground. Buildings also absorb muons. For this reason, the rate of hydrolysis outside and inside buildings, as well as underground, can differ significantly from each other.

scholarly journals Solar Tracker

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Irfan Danial Hashim ◽  
Ammar Asyraf Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Arief Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Solar Tracker The generation of power from the reduction of fossil fuels is the biggest challenge for the next half century. The idea of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels holds its place in the front row compared to other renewable sources. But the continuous change in the relative angle of the sun with reference to the earth reduces the watts delivered by solar panel. Conventional solar panel, fixed with a certain angle, limits their area of exposure from the sun due to rotation of the earth. Output of the solar cells depends on the intensity of the sun and the angle of incidence. To solve this problem, an automatic solar cell is needed, where the Solar Tracker will track the motion of the sun across the sky to ensure that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. By using Light Dependent Resistors, it will navigate the solar panel to get the best angle of exposure of light from the sun.

Addendum 2020 to ‘Measurement of the Earth’s rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015’

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2246) ◽  
pp. 20200776
Author(s):  
L. V. Morrison ◽  
F. R. Stephenson ◽  
C. Y. Hohenkerk ◽  
M. Zawilski
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Earth’S Rotation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Earth's Rotation ◽  
Moon System ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Eclipses ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Historical reports of solar eclipses are added to our previous dataset (Stephenson et al. 2016 Proc. R. Soc. A 472 , 20160404 ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2016.0404 )) in order to refine our determination of centennial and longer-term changes since 720 BC in the rate of rotation of the Earth. The revised observed deceleration is −4.59 ± 0.08 × 10 −22  rad s −2 . By comparison the predicted tidal deceleration based on the conservation of angular momentum in the Sun–Earth–Moon system is −6.39 ± 0.03 × 10 −22  rad s −2 . These signify a mean accelerative component of +1.8 ± 0.1 × 10 −22  rad s −2 . There is also evidence of an oscillatory variation in the rate with a period of about 14 centuries.

Why Is the Year 2000 a Leap Year?

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 360-362
Author(s):  
Jesse L. M. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Revolution

Keeping track of time has intrigued people throughout history. The constant urge to harness time has resulted in many attempts to perfect the calendar. The study of calendars offers students many opportunities to investigate measurement issues associated with time, the revolution of the earth around the sun, and the historical development of the calendar as civilization became more dependent on keeping accurate time.

Machines

On Purpose ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Change ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the Scientific Revolution that is dated from the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543, the work that put the sun rather than the earth at the center of the universe to Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687, the work that gave the causal underpinnings of the whole system as developed over the previous one hundred and fifty years. Historian Rupert Hall put his finger precisely on the real change that occurred in the revolution. It was not so much the physical theories, although these were massive and important. It was rather a change of metaphors or models—from that of an organism to that of a machine. By the sixteenth century, machines were becoming ever more common and ever more sophisticated. It was natural therefore for people to start thinking of the world—the universe—as a machine, especially since some of the most elaborate of the new machines were astronomical clocks that had the planets and the sun and moon moving through the heavens, not by human force but by predestined contraptions. In a word, by clockwork!

I.—On Aggregate Deposits, and their Relations to Zones

1898 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
J. F. Blake
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Geological time, like all other kinds of time, can only be measured by the succession of events. If the events considered are constant in their recurrence and uniform in their nature, their number will afford the means of measuring the length of time. Thus the oscillations of a given pendulum, the rotation of the earth on its axis, and its revolution round the sun are sufficiently constant and uniform to afford a basis for our seconds, days, and years. Of such uniform and constantly recurring events geology affords no examples by which we could measure the length of geological time.

scholarly journals The east-west asymmetry in Coronal Mass Ejections: evidence for active longitudes

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3139-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skirgiello
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Solar Rotation ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Orbital Revolution ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
East West

Abstract. Various manifestations of solar activity are not uniformly distributed with heliographic longitude. By using east-west asymmetry in the occurrence rate of CMEs (coronal mass ejections), the longitudinal dependence in SOHO LASCO 1996-2004 data has been studied in this work. The solar rotation periodicity has been found, indicating the presence of active longitudes, whose phase is reversed twice during the studied period. It is more prominent in the Southern Hemisphere. The east-west asymmetry is also present when calculated for longer time periods. Sometimes (particularly during low solar activity), there is an alternation of the eastern and western domination every six months. Taking into account the orbital revolution of the Earth about the Sun, this indicates the existence of enhanced activity, fixed in space (not undergoing Carrington rotation). Moreover, there is about a 3.7% overall excess of western events, lasting for the entire reported time, suggesting some bias in the observations. A hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is proposed.

Astronomical Influences on Biomagnetic Activity Some 120 MA ago: the Potential for Estimating the Evolution of Ancient Planetary Orbits within the Solar System

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Donald H. Tarling ◽  
Bruno D’argenio ◽  
Marina Iorio
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Planetary Orbits ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

AbstractStudies of the magnetic properties of sedimentary rocks provide a record of biological activity in the geological past of the Earth. There is increasing evidence that the rate of biological activity reflects, in part, the direct and indirect influence of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. These orbital changes also influence the strength and direction of the geomagnetic field, showing that orbital changes directly affect the processes generating the geomagnetic field. Therefore the presence of these effects means that past changes in the Earth’s orbit and the rate of rotation of the Earth can be investigated from such geological and geophysical records.

Time and The Royal Society

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Frequency Standard ◽  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Astronomical Time ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
Atomic Time

Fellows of The Royal Society have been concerned with the definition and measurement of time from the first days of the Society. John Flamsteed, F.R.S., ‘Royal Astronomer’, showed that the rotation of the Earth was isochronous and that the length of the solar day varied with the season because the path of the Earth about the Sun was an ellipse inclined to the Equator of the Earth. In the 20th century, D.W. Dye, F.R.S., made quartz oscillators that replaced mechanical clocks, and L. Essen, F.R.S., brought into use at the National Physical Laboratory the first caesium beam frequency standard and advocated that atomic time should replace astronomical time as the standard. The Society supported the development of chronometers for use at sea to determine longitude, and Fellows used the electric telegraph to find longitude in India. Edmond Halley, F.R.S., estimated the age of the Earth from the saltiness of lakes and seas; Lord Kelvin, F.R.S., estimated the rate at which energy was being radiated from the Sun; and Lord Rutherford, F.R.S., showed how the ages of rocks and of the Earth could be found from decay of radioactive minerals in them.

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