Green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extract and nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

Sulfur nanoparticles (S-NPs) were prepared using rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves aqueous extract and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3.5H2O) at room temperature. The S-NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The sulfur nanoparticles are crystalline in nature with average size of 40 nm. The morphology of S-NPs could be controlled by tuning the amount of rosemary leaves aqueous extract and sulfur ions. The cytotoxic effects of the S-NPs on hatching of second stage root-knot and mortality of second stage of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) were tested. These results confirmed that the S-NPs synthesized using rosemary leaves aqueous extract and could possibility be used as nematicidal to manage M. javanica infestation.

The effect of organic compost of Caryocar brasiliense waste against Meloidogyne javanica in two vegetable crops

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fabíola de J. Silva ◽  
Regina C.F. Ribeiro ◽  
Adelica A. Xavier ◽  
Vanessa A. Gomes ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Organic Compost

Summary Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m−3 to 30 kg m−3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m−3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Spectral Studies of Synthesis sulfur Nanoparticles using Sophora japonica Pods Extract

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3426-3432
Author(s):  
Akl M. Awwad ◽  
Nidá M. Salem ◽  
Amany O. Abdeen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

This study aims to investigate the aqueous extract of Sophora japonica pods for the presence of various phytochemicals and to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles. The presence of various phytochemicals viz. polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins were investigated by standard biochemical methods.  A rapid, green and novel approach for synthesis sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) from sodium thiosulfate in the presence of Sophora japonica pods aqueous extract in one-pot reaction at ambient temperature. The resulting sulfur nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that sulfur nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in sphere shape, and with an average particle size 5-100 nm. The effect of plant pods extract concentration on particle size of sulfur nanoparticles shows that can significantly reduce the particle size without changing the shape. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of Sophora japonica pods act as capping, dispersing and stabilizing agent for sulfur nanoparticles. This method is a novel approach for production nanosized sulfur particles, which could be applied to prepare sulfur nanoparticles for application in antimicrobial activity, fertilizers, and plant protection.

Reversible Nematostatic Effect of Peganum harmala L (Nitrariaceae) on Meloidogyne javanica

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EL HASSAN MAYAD ◽  
KHADIJA BASAID ◽  
JAMES NICHOLAS FURZE ◽  
NIAMA HEIMEUR ◽  
BTISSAM SENHAJI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Meloidogyne javanica is considered as the most damaging nematode of vegetables in Morocco. Eco-friendly bionematicides are urgently required for its control. In vitro experiments were carried out to assess the direct effect of bioproducts of Peganum harmala against M. javanica. The bioassay showed extracts to be nematotoxic. Aqueous extracts of P. harmala exhibited reversible nematostatic activity. The estimated ID50 of the most active product in methanolic extracts was 368ppm. HPLC-MS of the methanolic extract revealed that total content of major alkaloids of P. harmala was approximately 12.162±0.637mg/g. Harmine (8.514±0.521mg/g) is the dominant alkaloid. In conclusion, Peganum harmala has a reversible nematostatic activity on second stage juveniles of M. javanica. The effect of P. harmala is due to its possession of a high content of β-carboline alkaloids, which warrant further experimentation. Bioproducts from P. harmala should be exploited through formulations for management of the root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Nematicidal effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Batista Fialho ◽  
Rosana Bessi ◽  
Mário Massayuki Inomoto ◽  
Sérgio Florentino Pascholati
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Nematode Mortality

Previous studies have demonstrated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were able to inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi. In this context, the nematicidal potential of the synthetic mixture of VOCs, constituted of alcohols and esters, was evaluated for the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, which causes losses to crops of high economic value. The fumigation of substrate containing second-stage juveniles with VOCs exhibited nematicidal effect higher than 30% for the lowest concentration tested (33.3 µL g-1 substrate), whereas at 66.6 and 133.3 µL g-1 substrate, the nematode mortality was 100%. The present results stimulate other studies on VOCs for nematode management.

scholarly journals The Use of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extracted from Cuminum cyminum Seeds for the Control of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Iro Pardavella ◽  
Demetra Daferera ◽  
Theodoros Tselios ◽  
Panagiota Skiada ◽  
Ioannis Giannakou
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

The essential oil (EO) and hydrosol (HL) isolated from Cuminum cyminum (cumin) seeds were evaluated against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. The efficacy of extracts on the motility, hatching, and survival in soil of second-stage juveniles (J2s), and the activity on egg differentiation were tested. All J2s were paralyzed after immersion in the EO at 62.5 μL/L concentration for 96 h. Encouraging results were recorded using HL equal to or higher than 10% concentration for both Meloidogyne species tested. More than 70% paralyzed J2s were recorded after immersion for 48 h, while the percentage was increased to higher than 90% after 96 h of immersion. A clear effect on egg differentiation was observed after immersion in EO or HL. A significant decrease in egg differentiation was revealed at even low concentrations of EO while an evident decrease in egg differentiation was recorded after immersion of eggs in 50% HL dilution. Decreased hatching of M. incognita and M. javanica J2s was observed with the increase in concentration. The lowest numbers of hatched J2s were recorded when EO was used at 1000 and 2000 μL/L concentrations. A constant reduction in root-knot nematode J2 hatching was observed upon increasing the concentration of HL from 5% to 50%. The EO of C. cyminum is characterized by the presence of γ-terpinene-7-al (34.95%), cumin aldehydes (26.48), and α-terpinene-7-al (12.77%). The above constituents were observed in HL following the same order as that observed in EO. The components γ-terpinene (11.09%) and ο-cymene (6.56%) were also recorded in EO while they were absent in HL.

The nematicidal effects of the bacteria Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Xenorhabdus nematophilus on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Samaliev ◽  
Fotini Andreoglou ◽  
Sami Elawad ◽  
Nigel Hague ◽  
Simon Gowen
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophilus ◽  
Nematode Development

Abstract In two laboratory experiments and one pot experiment the influence of the bacterial symbionts Pseudomonas oryzihabitans from Steinernema abbasi and Xenorhabdus nematophilus from S. carpocapsae on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was investigated. Exposure of egg masses of M. javanica to the bacteria and their metabolites resulted in reduced hatching of second stage juveniles (J2). J2 in contact with the bacteria and their metabolites exhibited disorientation and convulsive movements, but when they were washed and placed in fresh water, many regained normal movement. At dosages of 106 and 107 cells ml-1 mortality was 100% after 24 h exposure, Xenorhabdus being more toxic than Pseudomonas. In soil X. nematophilus was ineffective but P.oryzihabitans prevented invasion of J2 into tomato roots and there was evidence that the bacterium or its metabolites interfered with nematode development in galls. Overall, the results indicate that P.oryzihabitans may provide a possible control strategy for root-knot nematodes. Action nématicide des bactéries Pseudomonas oryzihabitans et Xenorhabdus nematophilus sur le nématode Meloidogyne javanica - Les présentes recherches, au travers de deux expériences au laboratoire et d'une troisième en pots, ont concerné l'influence sur le nématode Meloidogyne javanica des symbiontes bactériens Pseudomonas oryzihinabitans, provenant de Steinernema abbasi, et Xenorhabdus nematophilus, de S. carpocapsae. L'exposition de masses d'œufs de M. javanica aux bactéries et à leurs métabolites a provoqué une diminution de l'éclosion des juvéniles de deuxième stade (J2). Les J2 en contact avec les bactéries et leurs métabolites se sont montrés désorientés et sujets à des mouvements convulsifs mais, après qu'ils aient été lavés et placés dans une eau pure, bon nombre d'entre eux ont recouvré des mouvements normaux. Aux doses de 106 et 107 cellules/ml-1 la mortalité était de 100% après une exposition de 24 h, Xenorhabdus s'étant révélé plus toxique que Pseudomonas . Dans le sol, Xenorhabdus s'est montré inefficace tandis que Pseudomonas empêchait la pénétration des J2 dans les racines de tomate; de plus, il semblerait évident que les bactéries ou leurs métabolites aient une influence sur le développement des nématodes dans les galles. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats indiquent que P.oryzihinabitans peut fournir une éventuelle stratégie de contrôle envers les Meloidogyne.

Hatching, motility, and infectivity of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) following exposure to sodium hypochlorite

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Stanton ◽  
WE O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Plant Treatment

The potential for disinfestation of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in irrigation water and hydroponic growing media using sodium hypochlorite was assessed by studying its effects on hatch, motility, and infectivity of the nematode. When eggs of M. javanica were exposed to 200-10000 pg available chlorine/mL for 5 min-24 h, hatch and infectivity of second-stage juveniles (J2s) were unaffected. However, exposure of eggs to 50000 or 125000 �g available chlorine/mL for >1 h reduced hatch during the following week. Exposing J2s in water to >2 �g available chlorine/mL for >24 h prevented their motility and ability to produce galls. An established infestation of root-knot nematode in a peat-vermiculite mix was unaffected by post-plant treatment with chlorine but was controlled by adding >4 �g available chlorine/mL to the nutrient solution for 4 weeks before planting.

scholarly journals Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles from Padina gymnospora and their Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Larvicidal, Hemolytic and Anticancer Activities.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalan Rajagopal ◽  
Nandhagopal Manivannan ◽  
Sundararajan Mahalingam ◽  
Krishnan Anand ◽  
Samuthirarajan Senthilkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Haemolytic Assay ◽  
Padina Gymnospora ◽  
Average Size

Abstract In the current study, silver chloride nanoparticles (AgClNPs) have been synthesized using the aqueous extract of Padina gymnospora and further characterized by Uv-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and Atomic force microscopy. The synthesized silver chloride nanoparticles were found to be mono-dispersed and spherical with an average size between 11.5 to 32.86 nm. The particles also showed a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner against MCF 7 cells (IC50 = 31.37 µg/mL). Besides, it showed the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti at a lower dose (3.92 µg/ml) than that of the aqueous extract (13.01 µg/ml). It also exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. The synthesized silver chloride nanoparticles showed the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 mg/L in Canadian Albicans, followed by vancomycin resistance Enterococcus feacasli (VREF) 32 mg/L. Furthermore, the toxicity assessment by haemolytic assay revealed that AgClNPs could be safe and also used for further investigation. Therefore, the synthesized silver chloride nanoparticles may be used as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer, antimicrobial agent and also to control the dengue vector as attributed to the presence of bioactive components.

Application of Pluronic gel to the study of root-knot nematode behaviour

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congli Wang ◽  
Steven Lower ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Host Attraction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Volatile Attractant ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Abstract Pluronic F-127 is a stable, non-toxic, copolymer that forms a gel at room temperature and a liquid at 15°C when the concentration is 20-30%. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) second-stage juveniles can move freely through the gel and display attraction toward roots of tomato, Medicago truncatula, common bean and Arabidopsis. The excellent clarity of the gel allows examination of behavioural changes in the nematode as it reaches and infects its host. Attraction assays showed that Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita move to roots much more rapidly than does M. hapla. Nematodes form aggregates when in contact with root tips suggesting that the presence of a signal from the nematode or from the root is involved in the attraction. Nematodes suspended in Pluronic gel without roots aggregate into balls after 1 to 2 days. A coverslip placed on the gel accelerates and serves as a focus for the aggregation, suggesting that lower oxygen, or perhaps a volatile attractant, is involved in this behaviour. These observations demonstrate that Pluronic gel is a useful medium for dissecting attraction of root-knot nematodes to their hosts and for studying additional aspects of their behaviour.

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