scholarly journals Household Transmission Investigation: Design, Reporting and Critical Appraisal.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Villanueva-Cabezas ◽  
Violeta Spirkoska ◽  
Adrian J Marcato ◽  
Niamh Meagher ◽  
James E Fielding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Household transmission investigations (HHTI) contribute timely epidemiologic knowledge in response to emerging pathogens. HHTIs conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-21 reported variable methodological approaches, producing epidemiological estimates that vary in meaning, precision, and accuracy. Since specific tools to assist with the optimal design and critical appraisal of HHTIs are not available, the aggregation and pooling of HHTI to inform policy and interventions may be challenging. In this manuscript, we discuss key aspects of the HHTI design, we provide recommendations for the reporting of these studies, and propose an appraisal tool that contributes to the optimal design and critical appraisal of HHTI studies. The appraisal tool consists of 12 questions that explore 10 aspects of HHTIs and can be answered ‘yes’, ‘no’ or ‘unclear’. The manuscript seeks to fill a gap in the epidemiologic literature and contribute to standardise HHTI approaches across settings, to achieve richer and more informative datasets. The manuscript also calls for a periodic revision of HHTI protocols and critical appraisal tools

scholarly journals A critical synthesis of interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenetsoe B. Seroalo ◽  
Emmerentia Du Plessis ◽  
Magdalena P. Koen ◽  
Vicki Koen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Background: Interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness. However, mental healthcare users are still stigmatised.Objective: The objective of this study was to critically synthesise the best available evidence regarding interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness.Method: An exploratory and descriptive research design was followed to identify primary studies; systematic review identifid primary studies answering this research question: What best evidence is available regarding interventions to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness? A search was done on selected electronic databases. Seventeen studies (n = 17) were identifid as providing evidence that answered the research question. The following instruments were used: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice research evidence appraisal tool and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual. The study was submitted to the Post-graduate Education and Research Committee of the School of Nursing Science at Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University for approval.Results: Results indicated some interventions that reduce the stigma attached to mental illness, such as web-based approaches, printed educational materials, documentary and antistigma fims, as well as live and video performances.Conclusions: Humanising interventions seems to have a positive effect on reducing stigma attached to mental illness. From the results and conclusions recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, nursing education and research.Agtergrond: Ingrypings is ontwikkel en geïmplementeer om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder. Die persone wat aan geestesongesteldhede ly, ondervind egter steeds dat daar 'n stigma aan hulle kleef.Doelstellings: Die doel van die studie was om die beste beskikbare voorbeelde van intervensies om stigmatisering van geestesongesteldhede te verminder, krities saam te vat.Metode: ’n Verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerp is gevolg om primêre studies te identifieer. ’n Sistematiese oorsig is gekies as metode om primêre studies te identifieer om die volgende navorsingsvraag te beantwoord: Wat is die beste beskikbare voorbeelde vaningrypings om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder? ’n Ondersoek is gedoen op ’n uitgesoekte elektroniese databasis.Resultate: Tydens die keuring van studies is 17 studies geïdentifieer (n = 17) as bewyslewering en wat die navorsingsvraag beantwoord. Die volgende instrumente is gebruik: ‘Critical Appraisal Skills Programme’, ‘John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice’, ‘Research Evidence Appraisal Tool and Evidence Analysis Manual’, en ‘Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’.Gevolgtrekking: Die studie is aan die Nagraadse Onderrig- en Navorsingskomitee van die Skool van Verpleegkunde van die Potchefstroomkampus, Noordwes-Universiteit, voorgelê vir goedkeuring. Aanbevelings is geformuleer vir die verpleegpraktyk, verpleegonderrig ennavorsing.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF METHODICAL APPROACHES TO STUDYING A HISTORICAL PERSONALITY I.V. STALIN IN HISTORY'S TEXTBOOKS: FROM THE CULT OF PERSONALITY TO THE PRESENT TIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Kudryavcev
Keyword(s):  
History Textbooks ◽  
School Age ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Cult Of Personality ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Historical Periods

This article discusses the dynamics of methodological approaches to the study of the historical personality of I.V. Stalin, the transformation of the reflection of the study of this material in history textbooks for educational organizations. The content of history textbooks of different historical periods for students of senior school age is analyzed. The key aspects of the formation of students' ideas about the historical personality of I.V. Stalin

Probiotic supplementation in well children: A scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Irwin ◽  
Deborah Davis ◽  
Marian Currie
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Probiotic supplements have been suggested as therapy for a range of health problems in children. This article aims to map the literature around probiotic use in well children, with a focus on prevalence. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, HealthSource and SAGE, as well as Google and MedNar for grey literature, in July 2018. We followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and used the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to assess articles for quality. Seven studies including a total of 24,742 children were identified. The prevalence of probiotic use ranged from 4% to 51%. The most common predictors of use were parental probiotic use, and higher maternal education and income. Only one small study reported the strains of probiotics used. Neither the reasons for using probiotics, nor parental perceptions of efficacy were adequately explored. Most parents obtained their information about probiotics from the Internet or family members. Despite the number of children in the community reported to have used probiotics, there are few well-designed and/or well-reported studies of prevalence, and inadequate data concerning the strains of probiotics used, reasons for their use and their perceived efficacy.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review Investigating the Presence of Inflammatory Synovitis in Hip and Knee Joint Replacement Surgery

Arthritis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Hosny ◽  
Francesco Strambi ◽  
Nidhi Sofat ◽  
Richard Field
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Joint Replacement Surgery ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Synovial tissue can display an inflammatory response in the presence of OA. There is increasing interest to better understand the role of inflammation in OA, particularly with regard to those who require joint replacement. A systematic review of inflammatory synovitis in OA of literature databases was undertaken from their inception until October 14, 2014. Independent critical appraisal of each study was undertaken using the CASP appraisal tool. From a total of sixty-six identified citations, twenty-three studies were deemed eligible for review. The studies presented moderate to strong methodological quality. Strong correlation was identified between histological and imaging synovitis severity. Correlation was weaker between clinical symptoms and imaging and/or histological synovitis severity. There was little consensus, with regard to expressed cytokines and chemokines at the different stages of OA disease progression. Few studies investigated the influence of inflammatory synovitis on the outcome of major joint replacement. Research into inflammatory synovitis in OA is an emerging field. Longitudinal studies applying proven imaging modalities, histological analysis, and longer follow-up are required in order to further define our understanding of the role of synovitis in the pathogenesis of OA and its effects on outcomes following major joint replacement.

scholarly journals A critical appraisal of the literature exploring the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Silva ◽  
L. Miguel Carreira ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
François Saulnier-Troff
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Objective Outcome ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Objective: To critically appraise the literature exploring the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. Background: Several surgical procedures to treat degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in the dog have been reported, however, definitive criteria for surgical technique preference are currently lacking (1). Evidentiary value and methods: A critical appraisal tool that examined the conduct and reporting of studies on the results of surgical treatment of DLSS was designed and, after a systematic search and screening of the literature, a critical appraisal was performed in 20 papers. Results: Results showed that 18/20 studies included did not clearly report inclusion and exclusion criteria and in 14/20 it was unclear whether consecutive inclusion of participants was applied. 19/20 studies reported age, breed, and sex of the participants, and 13/20 did not report duration and prevalence of clinical signs. In 13/20 studies, it was considered that the condition was not measured in a standard and reliable way. Objective outcome measures were used in 7/20 studies. Conclusion and application: The results demonstrate that there is room for improvement in the conduct and reporting quality of case series so that rigorous data can be generated and analysed, to inform research design, guide clinical practice, and improve veterinary healthcare delivery.  

Lessons learned from applying Sandelowski and Barroso’s approach for synthesising qualitative research

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-431
Author(s):  
Oliver Rudolf Herber ◽  
Julie Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Reflective Process ◽  
Key Aspects

Despite the proliferation of differing methods for synthesising qualitative research, Sandelowski and Barroso’s approach stands out because it is a stimulus to thinking and creativity. Yet, when applying the approach within our qualitative meta-summary and meta-synthesis project, we encountered some methodological challenges. Key aspects of the approach are outlined and juxtaposed with how we handled them in practical terms thereby entering into a methodological discussion based on the existing international research synthesis literature. For example, we encountered challenges pertaining to the researchers’ underlying epistemological assumptions, the composition of the research team, the construction of a feasible research question, the application of critical appraisal tools and the determination of an appropriate cut-off point for effect sizes to create a more parsimonious theory. From that reflective process, we draw out lessons learned for each aspect to provide neophyte researchers with valuable information that can increase the validity of future meta-syntheses projects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document