scholarly journals Multi-temporal relative landslide risk analysis for sustainable development of rapidly growing cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Di Napoli ◽  
Pietro Miele ◽  
Luigi Guerriero ◽  
Mariagiulia Annibali Corona ◽  
Domenico Calcaterra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The City

In the last decades, developing countries have experienced an increase in impact of natural disasters due to both the ongoing climate change and the sustained expansion of urban areas. Intrinsic vulnerability of settlements due to poverty and poor governance, as well as the lack of tools for urban occupation planning and mitigation protocols, have made such impact particularly severe. Cuenca (Ecuador) is a significant example of a city that in the last decades has experienced considerable population growth and an associated increasing of loss due to landslide occurrence. Despite such effects, updated urban planning tools are absent, a condition that suggested an evaluation of multi-temporal relative landslide risk, here presented based on updated data depicting the spatial distribution of landslides and their predisposing factors, as well as population change between 2010 and 2020. In addition, a multi-temporal analysis accounting for risk change between 2010 and 2020 has been carried out. Due to the absence of spatially distributed data about the population, electricity supply contract data have been used as a proxy of the population. Results indicate that current higher relative risk is estimated for municipalities (parroquias) located at the southern sector of the study area (i.e. Turi, Valle, Santa Ana, Tarqui and Paccha). Moreover, the multi-temporal analysis indicates that most municipalities of the city located in the hilly areas that bound the center (i.e. Sayausi, San Joaquin, Tarqui, Valle, Sidcay, Banos, Sidcay, Ricaurte, Paccha and Chiquintad), experiencing sustained population growth, will be exposed to an increased risk with a consistently growing trend. This information is consistent with landslide susceptibility data derived by a machine learning-based analysis that indicate higher susceptibility to landslides in hilly areas surrounding the city center. The obtained relative risk maps can be considered as a useful tool for guiding land-planning, occupation restriction and early warning strategy adoption. The used methodological approach, accounting for landslide susceptibility and population variation through proxy data analysis, has the potential to be applied in a similar context of growing-population cities of low to mid-income countries, where data, usually needed for a comprehensive landslide risk analysis, are only partly available.

scholarly journals Assessment of landslide susceptibility for civil protection purposes by means of GIS and statistical analysis: lessons from the Province of Modena, Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
LIBERATOSCIOLI Elena ◽  
VAN WESTEN Cees J. ◽  
SOLDATI Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Position Index

This paper is focused on the analysis of landslide susceptibility for civil protection purposes. A methodology was developed and applied to support measures aiming at landslide risk mitigation. It is based on GIS and the Weight of Evidence (WofE) method, which was preferred among several other statistical approaches because it is suitable for large areas, easy to interpret and simple to program. The latter feature is important for implementing a GIS tool aimed to facilitate Civil Protection in the updating of susceptibility maps. An application of the methodology was performed in a mountainous and hilly area of the Northern Apennines (Italy) located in the Province of Modena where landslides are a critical issue in terms of civil protection due to the recurrent damages to buildings, roads and infrastructures. According to the Region Emilia-Romagna Landslide Inventory Map (RER LIM), shallow slides and earth flows are by far the most widespread mass movement types. Hence, the susceptibility assessment concerned these two types of movements. The choice of the training set, based on active landslides, took into account possible limitations of the input data. The predisposing factors were lithology, slope, curvature, Slope Position Index, aspect, land use, distance from roads. The validation was conducted through the PRC and SRC curves, and direct checking (comparison with past occurrences, multi-temporal orthophotos and field surveys). The resulting models predicted the location of landslides in an acceptable manner. One map for each type of landslides was produced and afterwards they were combined in a single document to improve their intelligibility in a civil protection framework.

scholarly journals Indeks dan Tingkat Risiko Bahaya Longsor pada Ruas Jalan Nasional di Kabupaten Kerinci dan Kota Sungai Penuh, Provinsi Jambi

CANTILEVER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Mutiara Sari ◽  
Mona Foralisa Toyfur ◽  
Febrian Hadinata
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
External Context ◽  
National Road ◽  
The City

The Regency of Kerinci and The City of Sungai Penuh are areas that prone to landslides. In 2021 and 2021, were 13 landslides on national road sections in both, which disrupted access to both areas. This study aims to calculate the index and determine the risk level of landslides on roads and bridges on national roads in both regions. Assessment methods and variables are taken based on the Guidelines for the Implementation of Risk Analysis for Natural Disasters Affecting Roads and Bridges. The index and risk level assessment are carried out by analyzing the risk factors for landslides, namely: hazard, exposure, vulnerability, external context, and capacity. The mapping of landslide risk based on Geographic Information Systems is based on scoring and weighting in all parameters, as well as overlays among all the constituent parameters. Based on the results of the study on ten national roads (with a total road length of 82.50 km) in the study area into two classes, namely: (a) low class (= 8.72%) on 7 roads located within the city, and (b) medium class (= 91.28%) on three roads connecting the cities.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Assoule Dechaicha ◽  
Adel Daikh ◽  
Djamel Alkama
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
The City

Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.

scholarly journals Geospatial applications to landslide riskscape development: a modeling approach to quantify landslide riskscapes in the Colorado Front Range, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Brainerd Hicks ◽  
Melinda Laituri
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Susceptibility Modeling ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Social Components ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Riskscapes are interdisciplinary concepts that integrate multiple facets of physical, environmental, and social components in a spatial and temporal context. While the notion of risk is well documented for landslides, riskscapes are a novel approach in the natural hazard and spatial assessment studies. This term, ‘riskscape’, is described in terms of parameters required and quantification methodological approaches. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or geospatial methods are an appropriate tool to define the development of these riskscape quantification methods. A weighted sum overlay model for a riskscape is developed with three weighted approaches using GIS to measure the strength of spatial relationships across a regional landscape in Colorado, focused on landslide susceptibility modeling in the riskscape context. Binary riskscapes resulted in a limited understanding of the impact of features related to landslide riskscapes, but both ranked and human-factor weighted riskscape models provided more details to inform policy and plan for response to landslide events. Clustering measures using spatial-autocorrelation tools revealed that riskscape outputs are clustered and can further be used to identify areas of increased risk due to landslides in emerging population-growth areas. In conclusion, ranked and human-factor riskscape models are developed and can support decision-making and prioritization for response deployment based on landslide susceptibility criteria to focus resources on areas of interaction between landslide risk and social factors.

scholarly journals Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Paparan Hidrogen Sulfida (H2S) dan Ammonia (NH3) Pada Masyarakat Wilayah TPA Sukawinatan Kota Palembang Tahun 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Achmad Fickry Faisya ◽  
Dini Arista Putri ◽  
Yustini Ardillah
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Sample ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
The City ◽  
Level Of Risk

Latar belakang: TPA Sukawinatan merupakan salah satu tempat pembuangan akhir yang masih beroperasi aktif di Kota Palembang. TPA Sukawinatan berjenis controled landfill dengan risiko peningkatan aktivitas dekomposisi mikroorganisme secara anaerob sehingga menghasilkan gas hidrogen sulfida and ammonia setelah proses penimbunan sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan paparan gas hidrogen sulfide dan ammonia pada masyarakat sekitar TPA Sukawinatan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 50 orang masyarakat dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dalam radius 300 dan 600 m. Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis univariat dan analisis risiko.Hasil: Hasil penelitian untuk kadar risk agent menunjukkan bahwa kadar H2S tertinggi sebesar 0,003 mg/m3, kadar NH3 tertinggi yaitu 0,031 mg/m3. Nilai RQ (NH3) untuk setiap risk agent dilokasi studi seluruhnya menunjukkan dibawah 1, sedangkan nilai RQ (H2S)  untuk setiap risk agent berbeda terdapat nilai yang menunjukkan diatas 1.Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukaan bahwa H2S di sekitar kawasan TPA sukawinatan memiliki risiko terhadap gangguan kesehatan masyarakat karena masih terdapat nilai RQ>1. Untuk itu sebaiknya Dinas Kebersihan dan Lingkungan Hidup Kota Palembang sebaiknya dapat melakukan manajemen risiko terhadap masyarakat yang beresiko mengalami gangguan kesehatan. ABSTRACTTitle: Enviromental Health Risk Analysis Of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2s) And Ammonia (Nh3) Exposure In The Communities Around Sukawinatan Landfill In Palembang 2018 Background: Sukawinatan landfill is a one of landfill that still operates actively in the city of Palembang. The types of Sukawinatan landfill was control landfill with increased risk of decomposition activity of anaerobic microorganisms to produce hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gases after the waste dumping process. This study aims to analyze risk factors of hidrogen sulfide and ammonia gases exposure to communities around Sukawinatan Landfill.Methods: This study was descriptive research and used quantitative analysis method. The approach used was Environmental Health and Risk Analysis. Sample in this research was 50 human sample and technique was used Purposive Sampling within the radius of 300 and 600 m. Data analysis was conducted using  univariate and risk analysis.Results: The results of research showed that the highest levels of risk agent H2S levels is 0,003 mg/m3, the highest levels of NH3 is 0,031 mg/m3. The level of risk (NH3) showed below 1, while The level of risk (H2S) for each different risk agent there is showed above 1.Conclusion: Based on the result of this research, assesment is who received RQ>1 in TPA Sukawinatan Departement  of environmental and sanitation in Palembang must to do risk management towards people who are at risk of wxperiencing health problems. 

scholarly journals Análise multitemporal da expansão urbana de Maringá-PR durante o período de 1947 a 2014 envolvendo o Parque Municipal do Cinquentenário e as principais áreas verdes do município / Multitemporal analysis of urban expansion Maringá – PR during (...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (46) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Felipe Gomes Rubira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Multitemporal Analysis ◽  
The City

<p>A hipótese desta pesquisa surge através da premissa de que a maioria das áreas verdes localizadas em municípios brasileiros acabam sendo alteradas negativamente pelo processo de expansão urbana e pelo aumento populacional. O objetivo da pesquisa é realizar uma análise multitemporal da expansão urbana relacionada com o aumento populacional de Maringá-PR que influenciaram na mudança da paisagem das áreas verdes do município, caracterizando por meio de períodos estabelecidos em décadas como foi sendo materializada a expansão da malha urbana em direção as áreas verdes. Concluiu-se que a urbanização acelerada do município começou a envolver as áreas verdes da cidade em todas as direções e os primeiros processos de degradação ambiental começaram a surgir, restando pequenas manchas de mata nativa. Verificou-se que os principais problemas ambientais do Parque Municipal do Cinquentenário coincidem com a aproximação da urbanização no entorno deles, em suas áreas limítrofes. Concluiu-se também, que a metodologia aplicada da análise multitemporal, mostrou-se eficiente quanto às avaliações temporais urbanas e ambientais, tornando-se ferramenta útil para um futuro plano de gestão ambiental dos órgãos governamentais responsáveis.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave:</strong> Análise multitemporal, expansão urbana, aumento populacional, degradação ambiental, áreas verdes.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The hypothesis of this research comes from the premise that the majority of green areas located in municipalities end up being changed negatively by the process of urban expansion and population increase. The objective of the research is to conduct a multi-temporal analysis of urban expansion related to the population increase of Maringa-PR that influenced the landscape change from green areas of the city, featuring through periods established for decades as it was being materialized the expansion of the urban fabric toward the green areas. It was concluded that the rapid urbanization of the city began to engage the green areas of the city in all directions and the first environmental degradation processes began to emerge, leaving small patches of native forest. It was found that the main environmental problems of the Cinquantenaire Park Municipal coincide with the approach of urbanization in their environment, in their neighboring areas. It was also concluded that the methodology applied in the multi-temporal analysis, proved efficient as to urban and environmental temporal ratings, becoming a useful tool for future environmental management plan of the responsible government agencies.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Multitemporal analysis, urban expansion, population increase, environmental degradation, green áreas.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of vegetation cover area as an urban environmental quality factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
David Andrés Calvache ◽  
Angie Navarro ◽  
Álvaro Ceballos F.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
The City

The process of urbanization modifies and eliminates biological components of urban morphology by replacing vegetation cover with gray surfaces. In this study, we aimed to identify the changes in vegetation cover in the city of San Juan de Pasto between the periphery and commune 1, which has the lowest vegetation cover in the city. We performed a multi-temporal analysis with LANDSAT satellite images over a period of 27 years (1989-2016) using the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) to determine the loss of urban vegetation cover (UVC). We estimated the urban environmental quality index (UEQI) based on the methodology proposed by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia (MinAmbiente), obtaining a score of 42 points that indicates low environmental quality. Furthermore, we calculated a new UEQI by mathematically extrapolating and correlating the theoretical benefits of UVC with environmental quality indicators, such as air quality, urban population exposure to noise exceeding the permitted levels, and residential energy consumption per capita. We found an improvement in the score of all the indicators and, consequently, the UEQI. We obtained a high projected environmental quality score of 60, demonstrating that UVC is a transforming factor of urban environmental quality due to the benefits provided by vegetation cover.

scholarly journals Investigação de Ilhas de Calor em Brasília: Análise Multitemporal com Enfoque na Cobertura do Solo (Investigation of Heat Islands in Brasilia: Multi-Temporal Analysis with Focus on Land Cover)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Nickolas Castro Santana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
City Center ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The City

As questões relacionadas com o clima urbano tem se intensificado a partir da crescente urbanização imposta pelo sistema de desenvolvimento vigente. Um dos problemas gerados são as Ilhas de Calor, um aquecimento da superfície que tende a se formar em centros de cidades onde há intensa urbanização, sendo que a cidade de Brasília possuí as características básicas para a formação das mesmas. Para detectar a formação das ilhas de calor em Brasília foram utilizadas quatro imagens termais do satélite Landsat – 5, de 1987 á 2011. A partir da análise dos mapas de temperatura superficial foi possível perceber o constante aumento das temperaturas e abrangência das ilhas de calor em Brasília, fato este influenciado pela expansão urbana e intensificação do uso urbano, outro grande foco de calor foram as áreas de solo exposto que se apresentaram em certos casos com temperaturas maiores até mesmo que o centro da cidade, percebe-se portanto a necessidade de uma melhor gestão e planejamento das áreas urbanas para minimizar os impactos climáticos que tendem a se tornar cada vez mais significativos.    A B S T R A C T Issues related to urban climate has intensified from increasing urbanization imposed by the current development system. One of the problems generated are the heat islands, a warming of the surface that tends to form in city centers where there is intense urbanization, and the city of Brasilia possess the basic characteristics for forming the same. To detect the formation of heat islands in Brasilia the research used four thermal images of Landsat - 5, 1987 to 2011. Based on the analysis of the maps of temperature was possible to perceive the rising temperatures and breadth of heat islands in Brasilia, this fact influenced by urban expansion and intensification of urban use, another major focus of heat were the areas of exposed soil that performed in some cases with even higher temperatures than the city center, so realizes the need for better management and planning of urban areas to minimize climate impacts that are likely to become increasingly significant.   Keywords: Heat Islands; Thermal Sensor; Brasília; Land Use;  

Spatial and Temporal Differences in Weekday Travel Durations Between Private-for-Hire Transportation Services and Transit in the City Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110197
Author(s):  
Baxter Shandobil ◽  
Ty Lazarchik ◽  
Kelly Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Central City ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Level Information ◽  
The City

There is increasing evidence that ridehailing and other private-for-hire (PfH) services such as taxis and limousines are diverting trips from transit services. One question that arises is where and when PfH services are filling gaps in transit services and where they are competing with transit services that are publicly subsidized. Using weekday trip-level information for trips originating in or destined for the city center of Portland, OR from PfH transportation services (taxis, transportation network companies, limousines) and transit trip data collected from OpenTripPlanner, this study investigated the temporal and spatial differences in travel durations between actual PfH trips and comparable transit trips (the same origin–destination and time of day). This paper contributes to this question and to a growing body of research about the use of ridehailing and other on-demand services. Specifically, it provides a spatial and temporal analysis of the demand for PfH transportation using an actual census of trips for a given 2 week period. The comparison of trip durations of actual PfH trips to hypothetical transit trips for the same origin–destination pairs into or out of the central city gives insights for policy making around pricing and other regulatory frameworks that could be implemented in time and space.

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