scholarly journals A LITHOPHANE MODEL MAKING PROCESS TO 3D PRINTERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddavatam Rammohan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This paper focuses on to convert photographs into embossed 3D models and then bring them to life using a 3D printer. A Lithophane is a 3-dimensional generation of a 2-dimensional image and 3D representation of a photo can be seen only when it is illuminated from behind. Turning images into 3D objects give us more feeling and literally adds a new dimension. The lithophane can be manufactured by the way of an automated additive manufacturing process, such as 3-D printing. lithophanes are a simple way to enhance your favourite photos. 3D printed photos also known as 3D Printed lithophanes, are an extremely unique and creative application. The process adopted in lithophane is FDM technology, in which different the materials like PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), etc. By heating the filament material to its melting point and it is deposited layer by layer. Combination of many layers will give us a final 3D Printed model.

scholarly journals The Mechanical and Physical Properties of 3D-Printed Materials Composed of ABS-ZnO Nanocomposites and ABS-ZnO Microcomposites

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Athena Maniadi ◽  
Emmanuel Koudoumas ◽  
George Kenanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
International Standards ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In order to expand the mechanical and physical capabilities of 3D-printed structures fabricated via commercially available 3D printers, nanocomposite and microcomposite filaments were produced via melt extrusion, 3D-printed and evaluated. The scope of this work is to fabricate physically and mechanically improved nanocomposites or microcomposites for direct commercial or industrial implementation while enriching the existing literature with the methodology applied. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO nano) and Zinc Oxide micro-sized particles (ZnO micro) were dispersed, in various concentrations, in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) matrices and printable filament of ~1.75mm was extruded. The composite filaments were employed in a commercial 3D printer for tensile and flexion specimens’ production, according to international standards. Results showed a 14% increase in the tensile strength at 5% wt. concentration in both nanocomposite and microcomposite materials, when compared to pure ABS specimens. Furthermore, a 15.3% increase in the flexural strength was found in 0.5% wt. for ABS/ZnO nano, while an increase of 17% was found on 5% wt. ABS/ZnO micro. Comparing the two composites, it was found that the ABS/ZnO microcomposite structures had higher overall mechanical strength over ABS/ZnO nanostructures.

scholarly journals Tribological Behaviour Comparison of ABS Polymer Manufactured Using Turning and 3D Printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Sharba Muammel M Hanon ◽  
M. Kovács ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Dynamic Friction ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Additive and subtractive manufacturing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) were employed for fabricating samples. The Additive manufacturing was represented through 3D printing, whereas subtractive manufacturing carried out by Turning. Some developments have been applied for enhancing the performance of the 3D printer. Tribological measurements of the turned and 3D printed specimens have been achieved. Studying the difference between static and dynamic friction factors and the examination of wear values were included. A comparison of the tribological behaviour of the turned and 3D printed ABS polymer has been investigated.

Fracture Surface of 3D Printed Honeycomb Structures at Low Temperature Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4235-4238
Author(s):  
Ju-Hwan Choi ◽  
Henzeh Leeghim ◽  
Ju-Hun Ahn ◽  
Dae-San Choi ◽  
Chang-Yull Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Paper Surface ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fractured Surface ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this paper, surface characteristics of 3D printed structures fractured at low temperature environments are analyzed. The samples are fabricated by using ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer) material, and the structures are constructed by the well-known honeycomb models using a FDM-Type 3D printer. To analyze the fracture surface of the samples constructed uniquely by using the 3D printer, the bending loads are applied to the samples at 30, −10 and −50 °C, respectively. The characteristics of the fracture surfaces of the 3D samples are also observed by the FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) equipment. From this experiment, it is evaluated that the fractured surface of the 3D sample is very rough at 30 °C, while it is smooth at a relatively low temperature. Also, several unique features of the fracture surface of a 3D printed sample structured by honeycomb models are also examined.

scholarly journals Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Verma ◽  
Jabir Ubaid ◽  
Andreas Schiffer ◽  
Atul Jain ◽  
Emilio Martínez-Pañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Essential Work Of Fracture ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

AbstractExperiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Does vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization affect the geometrical properties of anatomic models and guides 3D printed from computed tomography images?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Toro ◽  
Aura Cardona ◽  
Daniel Restrepo ◽  
Laura Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Dimensional Error ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Anatomic Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Background Material extrusion is used to 3D print anatomic models and guides. Sterilization is required if a 3D printed part touches the patient during an intervention. Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) is one method of sterilization. There are four factors to consider when sterilizing an anatomic model or guide: sterility, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and geometric fidelity. This project focuses on geometric fidelity for material extrusion of one polymer acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using VHP. Methods De-identified computed tomography (CT) image data from 16 patients was segmented using Mimics Innovation Suite (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). Eight patients had maxillary and mandibular defects depicted with the anatomic models, and eight had mandibular defects for the anatomic guides. Anatomic models and guides designed from the surfaces of CT scan reconstruction and segementation were 3D printed in medical-grade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material extrusion. The 16 parts underwent low-temperature sterilization with VHP. The dimensional error was estimated after sterilization by comparing scanned images of the 3D printed parts. Results The average of the estimated mean differences between the printed pieces before and after sterilization were − 0,011 ± 0,252 mm (95%CI − 0,011; − 0,010) for the models and 0,003 ± 0,057 mm (95%CI 0,002; 0,003) for the guides. Regarding the dimensional error of the sterilized parts compared to the original design, the estimated mean differences were − 0,082 ± 0,626 mm (95%CI − 0,083; − 0,081) for the models and 0,126 ± 0,205 mm (95%CI 0,126, 0,127) for the guides. Conclusion This project tested and verified dimensional stability, one of the four prerequisites for introducing vaporized hydrogen peroxide into 3D printing of anatomic models and guides; the 3D printed parts maintained dimensional stability after sterilization.

History of Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Common

History of additive manufacturing started in the 1980s in Japan. Stereolithography was invented first in 1983. After that tens of other techniques were invented under the common name 3D printing. When stereolithography was invented rapid prototyping did not exists. Tree years later new technique was invented: selective laser sintering (SLS). First commercial SLS was in 1990. At the end of 20t century, first bio-printer was developed. Using bio materials, first kidney was 3D printed. Ten years later, first 3D Printer in the kit was launched to the market. Today we have large scale printers that printed large 3D objects such are cars. 3D printing will be used for printing everything everywhere. List of pros and cons questions rising every day.

scholarly journals Flexible 3D Printed Molds for Educational Use. Digital Fabrication of 3D Typography

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Bonnet De León ◽  
Jose Luis Saorin ◽  
Jorge De la Torre-Cantero ◽  
Cecile Meier ◽  
María Cabrera-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
School Environments ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Subject

<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">One of the drawbacks of using 3D printers in educational environments is that the creation time of each piece is high and therefore it is difficult to manufacture at least one piece for each student. This aspect is important so that each student can feel part of the manufacturing process. To achieve this, 3D printers can be used, not to make pieces, but to make the molds that students use to create replicas. On the other hand, for a mold to be used to make several pieces, it is convenient to make it with flexible material. However, most used material for 3D printers (PLA) is very rigid. To solve this problem, this article designs a methodology that allows the use of low-cost 3D printers (most common in school environments) with flexible material so that each mold can be used to manufacture parts for several students. To print flexible material with low-cost printers, it is necessary to adapt the machine and the print parameters to work properly. This article analyzes the changes to be made with a low cost 3D printer and validates the use of molds in school environments. A pilot test has been carried out with 8 students of the subject of Typography, in the School of Art and Superior of Design of Tenerife. During the activity, the students carried out the process of designing a typography and creating digital molds for 3D printing with flexible material. The designs were made using free 3D modeling programs and low-cost technologies.</span></p>

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