scholarly journals Upaya Edukatif Dokter Keluarga Terhadap Perkembangan Pasien Demam Typhoid Rawat Inap di Klinik dr. Widodo, Gemolong, Sragen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qonita Fatikhia Syafira
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Fever Patient ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Impact

It has been done a study about the doctor’s educational efforts on the development of typhoid fever patient which hospitalization in dr. Widodo’s clinic. Typhoid fever is disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria transmission trought contaminated food and drink. Typhoid fever represents an endemic acute infection with a high mortality, in this case a laboratory test is needed to establish the early diagnosis. Habit hand washing after defecation, habit hand washing before eating, short dirty fingernail, frequent food street consumption, buy food street and buy some food with sealed packing can decrease the risk of typhoid fever. The aim of this study is to know the impact of doctor typhoid’s educational efforts on typhoid patients who came to the clinic and hospitalized. Study data taken from interview and observation. The development of data and exposure of results is qualitatively descriptive. There are four objects of observation and interview that are a doctor, a pharmacist and two patients. My study showed three points of typhoid fever educational efforts are to encourage sufficient rest, to monitor food ingested and to follow doctor’s orders during hospitalization.

scholarly journals Typhoid fever: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar Paul ◽  
Arup Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Flagellar Antigen ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Typhoid fever is still a deadly disease in developing countries, particularly in India. Although, the paediatric population is mostly affected by this disease, yet the disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adult populations also. In India, most of the cases of typhoid fever are diagnosed clinically, or at the most by the Widal test which is not fool proof. The disease typhoid fever is an orally transmitted communicable infectious disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. It is usually caused by consuming impure water and contaminated food. Salmonella typhi is serologically positive for lipopolysaccharide antigens O9 and O12, protein flagellar antigen Hd, and polysaccharide capsular antigen Vi. S. typhi Vi-positive strains are more infectious and virulent than Vi-negative strains. Following the incubation period of 7 to 14 days, there is onset of fever and malaise. The fever is then accompanied by chills, headache, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vague abdominal discomfort, dry cough and myalgia. These are followed by coated tongue, tender abdomen, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Azithromycin (10mg/kg) given once daily for seven days has proven effective in the treatment of typhoid fever in some adults and children. A dose of 1g per day for five days was also found to be more effective in most adults. Of the third generation cephalosporins, oral Cefixime (15-20mg per kg per day, for adults, 100-200mg twice daily) has been widely used. Intravenous third generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) are effective. Aztreonam and imipenem are potential third line drugs.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Typhoid Fever Based on Personal Hygiene and Street Food Consumption Habit at Home

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Hilda Nuruzzaman ◽  
Fariani Syahrul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Consumption Habit ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACTTyphoid fever is disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria transmission trought contaminated food and drink. Data from RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem showing that from 2011–2013 typhoid fever case always increase and often happened to children age 5–14 years old. The objective research to analysis risk factor of typhoid fever according to snacking habit at school and at house of children age 7–12 years old. This research was observasional case control study. Data for case in this research are taken from medical record of ‘Unit Teratai’ for the past 1 year in RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem Situbondo, whereas for control are case group. There are eighty person taken for this research as sample. This result was the risk of typhoid fever children which has habit of hand washing had after defecation at home OR 3.67 (1.29 < OR < 10.64), children which has habit of hand washing before eating had OR 4.33 (1.54 < OR < 12.44), children with short dirty fingernails had OR 7.79 (1.46 < OR < 46.18) frequent street food consumption OR 3.89 (1.39 < OR < 11.06), buy snack at food street OR 3.95 (1.40 < OR < 11.30), buy some snack with packing had OR 3.5 (1.26 < OR < 9.38). The conclusion is that habit hand washing after defecation, habit hand washing before eating, short dirty fingernail, frequent food street consumption, buy food street and buy some food with sealed packing can secrease the risk of typhoid fever for children age 7–12 yearsKeywords: typhoid fever, risk factor of typhoid fever, personal hygiene, street food consumption habit

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Typhoid Fever Based on Personal Hygiene and Street Food Consumption Habit at Home

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Hilda Nuruzzaman ◽  
Fariani Syahrul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Consumption Habit ◽  
At Home

Typhoid fever is disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria transmission trought contaminated food and drink. Data from RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem showing that from 2011–2013 typhoid fever case always increase and often happened to children age 5–14 years old. The objective research to analysis risk factor of typhoid fever according to snacking habit at school and at house of children age 7–12 years old. This research was observasional case control study. Data for case in this research are taken from medical record of ‘Unit Teratai’ for the past 1 year in RSUD dr. Abdoer Rahem Situbondo, whereas for control are case group. There are eighty person taken for this research as sample. This result was the risk of typhoid fever children which has habit of hand washing had after defecation at home OR 3.67 (1.29 < OR < 10.64), children which has habit of hand washing before eating had OR 4.33 (1.54 < OR < 12.44), children with short dirty fingernails had OR 7.79 (1.46 < OR < 46.18) frequent street food consumption OR 3.89 (1.39 < OR < 11.06), buy snack at food street OR 3.95 (1.40 < OR < 11.30), buy some snack with packing had OR 3.5 (1.26 < OR < 9.38). The conclusion is that habit hand washing after defecation, habit hand washing before eating, short dirty fingernail, frequent food street consumption, buy food street and buy some food with sealed packing can secrease the risk of typhoid fever for children age 7–12 yearsKeywords: typhoid fever, risk factor of typhoid fever, personal hygiene, street food consumption habit

scholarly journals TELAAH METODE DIAGNOSIS CEPAT DAN PENGOBATAN INFEKSI Salmonella typhi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Dudi Hardianto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Diagnosis Method

Review on Rapid Diagnosis Method and Treatment of Salmonella typhi Infection ABSTRACTSalmonella is a genus of gram-negative bacilli which are pathogenic for human. Recently over 2,500 serotypes of Salmonella have been reported. Of these, the most common serotype causing typhoid fever which is acute infectious disease in small intestine due to S. typhi entering the body through contaminated food or drink. S. typhi infection remains a major public health concern worldwide because of the subsequent economic burden for the cost of surveillance, prevention, and treatment. In Indonesia, typhoid fever is an endemic disease that threatens public health and becomes a complex problem because it increases career cases and drug resistance, so its diagnosis is needed. Although there is already a diagnosis method of typhoid fever conventionally, a fast, easy and reliable diagnosis method is needed to diagnose typhoid fever by medical personnel in endemic countries. Typhoid fever is treated by antibiotics and prevention efforts are carried out through vaccination.Keywords: antibiotics, pathogen, rapid detection, Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever ABSTRAKSalmonella adalah bakteri basil gram negatif yang bersifat patogen terhadap manusia dan saat ini telah dilaporkan lebih dari 2.500 serotipe. Salah satu serotype Salmonella diketahui menyebabkan penyakit demam tifoid yaitu infeksi akut pada usus halus akibat S. typhi yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui makanan dan minuman yang tercemar. Infeksi S. typhi menjadi masalah utama dalam kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia karena bebani ekonomi yang ditimbulkannya untuk biaya pengawasan, pencegahan, dan pengobatan. Di Indonesia, demam tifoid merupakan penyakit endemis yang mengancam kesehatan masyarakat dan menjadi masalah kompleks karena demam tifoid meningkatkan kasus-kasus karier dan resistensi obat sehingga diperlukan diagnosisnya. Meskipun sudah ada diagnosis demam tifoid secara konvensional, tetapi diperlukan metode diagnosis yang cepat, mudah dan andal untuk mendeteksi demam tifoid oleh tenaga medis yang bekerja di negara-negara endemik. Demam tifoid diobati dengan pemberian antibiotika dan dilakukan upaya pencegahan melalui vaksinasi.Kata Kunci: antibiotika, demam tifoid, deteksi cepat, patogen, Salmonella typhi

scholarly journals Salmonella – still a threat? Epidemiological analysis of infecion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Kinga Ruszel ◽  
Robert Dubel ◽  
Wiktoria Chodun ◽  
Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Infected Cells

Salmonella infection causes morbidity and mortality throughout the world with the host immune response varying depending on whether the infection is acute and limited, or systemic and chronic. Global Salmonella infection, especially in developing countries, is a health and economic burden. These pathogen are responsible for millions of cases of food-borne illness each year, with substantial costs measured in hospitalizations and lost productivity. The growing number of bacteria resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat infections with this bacterium increases the use of alternative treatments. The species Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most commonly used probiotics to treat infectious diseases, including antibiotic diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea.It is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and facultative anaerobic bacterium. However, they have the ability to survive inside infected cells. These bacteria cause various clinical forms of disease. The most dangerous sticks of typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi) and paradurium (Salmonella paratyphi) multiply only in the human body and cause a very serious infectious disease - typhoid fever. In turn, non-malignant salmonella, Salmonella bongori and countless serological varieties of Salmonella enterica colonize the digestive tract of many animal species and are pathogenic to humans, causing gastroenteritis, i.e. acute salmonellosis, sometimes classified as food poisoning. All Salmonella infections begin with ingestion with contaminated food or water.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kebiasaan Buang Air Besar (BAB) terhadap Kejadian Demam Tifoid di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung Periode Maret–Mei Tahun 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Melvi Imelia Risa ◽  
Ismawati Ismawati ◽  
Budiman Budiman ◽  
Hana Sofia ◽  
Herry Garna
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Risk Estimate ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
P Value ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Demam tifoid adalah penyakit endemik yang banyak terjadi di negara berkembang yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi. Faktor risiko demam tifoid di antaranya usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status sosial ekonomi, kebiasaan cuci tangan, serta kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB) di jamban. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung mencatat bahwa masyarakat Baleendah masih belum memiliki dukungan infrastruktur sanitasi yang baik seperti jamban serta kesadaran masyarakat yang rendah untuk melakukan pola hidup bersih yang berperan terhadap kejadian demam tifoid. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan cuci tangan dan buang air besar (BAB) dengan kejadian demam tifoid di RSUD Al-Ihsan periode Maret–Mei tahun 2018. Penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling, yaitu peneliti mengambil 50 sampel kasus dan kontrol yang dipilih sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi (anak usia ≥6 tahun terdiagnosis probable demam tifoid) dan tidak termasuk kriteria eksklusi (anak dengan komplikasi berat). Data yang diperoleh menggunakan uji chi-square. Berdasar atas hasil perhitungan risk estimate kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB) diperoleh OR 4,55 (OR>1) nilai p <0,001 (IK 95%:  1,69–12,79) serta nilai p cuci tangan 0,06 (IK 95%: 0,82–11,13) dengan risk estimate 2,82. Simpulan terdapat pengaruh kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB) terhadap kejadian demam tifoid. IMPACT OF DEFECATION HABITS ON THE INCIDENCE TYPHOID FEVER AT AL-IHSAN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANDUNG FROM MARCH–MAY 2018Typhoid fever is a common endemic disease in developing countries caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Risk factors of typhoid fever include age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, hand washing habits, and bowel habits in the toilet. Bandung District Health Office noted that Baleendah people still do not have the support of good sanitation infrastructure such as latrines and low awareness of the community to perform a clean lifestyle that plays a role against the incidence of typhoid fever. The objective of the study was to know the relationship between handwashing and defecation habit with the occurrence of typhoid fever in Al-Ihsan Hospital period March–May 2018. This research was an observational analytic study using case control design and quantitative approach. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling, that is the researcher took 50 cases and control samples selected according to the inclusion criteria (age ≥6 years and probable typhoid fever) and exclusion criteria (severe complications). The data obtained using chi-square test. Based on the result of calculation of risk estimate of bowel habit obtained OR 4.55 (OR> 1) p value <0.001 (CI 95%: 1.69–12.79) and hand washing p value 0.06 (CI 95%: 0.82–11.13) with risk estimate 2.82. In conclusion there is an impact of defecation on with the incidence of typhoid fever.

scholarly journals DIAZO TEST AS A SCREENING TEST OF TYPHOID FEVER A PRACTICAL APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
J. Nugraha ◽  
Meiti Muljanti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Typhoid fever represents an endemic acute infection with a high mortality, in this case a laboratory test is needed to establish theearly diagnosis. For this study the researchers prefer urine diazo test which is a relatively easy, simple and inexpensive test. The aimof this study is to know whether the urine diazo test can be used for screening typhoid fever and whether there is a concordance withthe Widal and TUBEX® TF serological tests. Forty patients aged 2–18 years, attending to the Jeremy Medical Service Clinic, Surabaya,suffering of fever more than 3 days were studied from June up to August 2010. Urine samples were tested by diazo test, while bloodsamples as comparison were tested by Widal and TUBEX® TF tests, and blood culture was carried out as the gold standard. The sensitivityand specificity of those tests were then recorded. From the 40 samples, 12 patients showed positive Salmonella typhi blood cultures,26 diazo positive, 22 Widal positive and 14 TUBEX® TF positive. Of the 12 positive blood cultures, 10 (83%) diazo positive, 7 (58%)Widal positive and 9 (75%) TUBEX® TF positive were found. The sensitivity and specificity of diazo test was 83% and 43%, Widal test58% and 46%, TUBEX® TF test 75% and 82%. It is shown that the Diazo test had a higher sensitivity value, while the TUBEX® TF testshowed a higher level of specificity. In conclusion, so far it can be concluded that the Diazo test is quite reliable in aiding the diagnosisof typhoid fever and can be considered as a screening test for typhoid fever.

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