On the interrelation between alcohol addiction–like behaviors in rats

Rationale Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder that only occurs in a minority of alcohol users. Various behavioral constructs, including excessive intake, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and resistance to punishment have been implicated in AUD, but their interrelatedness is unclear. Objective The aim of this study was therefore to explore the relation between these AUD-associated behavioral constructs in rats. We hypothesised that a subpopulation of animals could be identified that, based on these measures, display consistent AUD-like behavior. Methods Lister Hooded rats (n = 47) were characterised for alcohol consumption, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and quinine-adulterated alcohol consumption. The interrelation between these measures was evaluated through correlation and cluster analyses. In addition, addiction severity scores were computed using different combinations of the behavioral measures, to assess the consistency of the AUD-like subpopulation. Results We found that the data was uniformly distributed, as there was no significant tendency of the behavioral measures to cluster in the dataset. On the basis of multiple ranked addiction severity scores, five animals (~ 11%) were classified as displaying AUD-like behavior. The composition of the remaining subpopulation of animals with the highest addiction severity score (9 rats; ~ 19%) varied, depending on the combination of measures included. Conclusion Consistent AUD-like behavior was detected in a small proportion of alcohol drinking rats. Alcohol consumption, habit formation, motivation for alcohol and punishment resistance contribute in varying degrees to the AUD-like phenotype across the population. These findings emphasise the importance of considering the heterogeneity of AUD-like behavior.

Perceptive Factors That Affect Household Food Consumption Among Different Grassland Areas: A Case Study Based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map

Food consumption acts as an intermediary between ecosystems and human systems in grassland areas. In this study, we generated a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) to obtain a semi-quantitative assessment of impact factors on food consumption in the Xilin Gol Grassland, China, from the perception of local rural households. Based on it, the food consumption impact factors networks of households in Xilin Gol Grassland were created. Results showed that household recognition of food consumption impact factors differed among grassland transects in both amount and category, and the results of principal component analysis (PCA) ascertain such differences and transitions. Livestock breeding, income, local economic development, consumption habit, age, food price, and cost were the most important impact factors mentioned by both farmers and herdsmen. From south to north in the grassland transects, households' cognition of ecological and economic factors increased, and the cognition of personal and social factors decreased. Differences in supply, culture, customs, and socioeconomic characteristics affected the cognition of households and their livelihoods, which influenced impact factors as well as associated connections. The role of livestock breeding also validated the connection between human actives and the grassland ecosystem. Results from this study can be used as a reference for policymakers during decision-making processes respective of regional sustainable development.

The Explanatory Roles of Habit and Intention on Alcohol Consumption by Adults at Home

Aims: The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of intention and habit in predicting adults’ drinking behaviour within the home setting. Measures: A convenience sample of 414 Australians aged between 35 and 60 were recruited through targeted Facebook advertising. Eligibility criteria for study participation included reporting consuming alcohol at least once a week at home. Participants completed self-report measures of alcohol consumption, habit strength regarding home drinking behaviour, and intentions to consume alcohol. Differences in home drinking controlling for age and gender, by level of habit, and intention were examined using ANCOVA. Results: Increases in intention were associated with an increase in home drinking. However, with habit and intention entered in the same model, only habit was a significant predictor of the amount of alcohol consumed in the home. For Australians, habit is a stronger predictor of alcohol consumption than intention. Conclusions: Given that a large proportion of people are doing the majority of their drinking when at home, home-based interventions which target the habitual nature of home consumption may help to reduce consumption and related harm.

PENGARUH KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI ENERGI, PROTEIN, DAN SENG TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI DESA TANJUNG LANGKAT KECAMATAN SALAPIAN KABUPATEN LANGKAT TAHUN 2018

Stunting is one form of nutritional abnormalities in terms of body size characterized by a short body condition to exceed the -2SD deficit below the WHO standard. The result of Riskesdas in North Sumatra found that the prevalence of stands for province by 2013 was 42.5%, which means an increase of 0.2% from the state of 2010 (42.3%). The prevalence of stunting in Kabupaten Langkat is quite high (54.7%). This study aims to determine the effect of consumption habits of energy sources, protein, and zinc to the incidence of stunting in school-aged children in Tanjung Langkat Village Kecamatan Salapian Kabupaten Langkat. This research is an observational analytic research with case control design. The number of research samples were 29 cases and 29 controls selected using stratified random sampling method. Data of energy consumption habits, protein, and zinc was done by interview using 24 hour food recall form and form food frequency and stunting data obtained from measurement of body height by using microtoise which processed by using Software WHO Anthroplus. Data analysis was done by univariante analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis by using chi- square test and logistic regression test. The result of the analysis showed that there were three variables that had significant relation on the stunting event, energy consumption habits (p=0.036; OR=3.109), protein consumption habits (p=0.035; OR=3.148) and zinc consumption habits (p=0.002; OR=5,971). The most dominant factor influencing the stunting event is the consumption habit of zinc source with Exp. (B)=5.737. It is advisable to improve the provision of information and understanding to children and parents about the importance of consuming food sources of energy, protein, and zinc as well as expected to parents to pay attention and familiarize children consuming diverse types of food and suggested to the school to cooperate with puskesmas provide counseling related to the consumption of balanced nutritious foods, especially those that play a role in the growth of children.

Vitamin D-enhanced pork meat consumers’ purchase intention: an exploratory case study in Spain

This paper investigated if Spanish consumers would be willing to consume vitamin D-enhanced pork meat from animals fed on mushrooms treated with ultraviolet (UV) light. The questionnaire briefly explained the context of the study (vitamin D deficiency) and asked the consumers to choose answers with which they were most in agreement (non-enriched meat, enriched meat with synthetic vitamin D or enriched meat with vitamin D from UV-irradiated mushrooms). A survey was conducted to 400 non-vegan nor vegetarian consumers in Aragón (Spain) by direct invitation. Sampling was carried out in a random and stratified manner, by province, gender and age group using the Aragón population data for 2017 (INE). Some sociodemographic, health and consumption habit data were requested. Most consumers preferred non-enriched meat. Treatment with UV-irradiated mushrooms was rejected by most consumers, and the consumers who presented any willingness to buy meat enriched with UV-irradiated mushrooms were in the youngest age group.

Knowledge Enhancement on Lung Cancer and the Disease Prevention for People of Selokaton, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar

Degenerative Disease contributes 63% of dead worldwide. It counts for 36 million people’s death every year. The prevalence number of the disease in Indonesia increases constantly. Lifestyle and food consumption habit are identified as two reasons why the disease takes place. One type of the diseases is cancer, where according to the data of World Health Organization, this is the second highest reason of death after cardiovascular disease. Type of cancer with the highest incidence and the top reason of death is lung cancer. In Karanganyar, according to the Health Department data, the occurrence of lung cancer increased from 1 case in 2016 to 5 cases in 2017. This increment alerts the urgent need for prevention and treatment of the disease. The lack of knowledge about lung cancer is the main reason leading to a possible high prevalence number. Based on the situation, the people knowledge about the lung cancer needs to be enhanced. This community development program was set up to achieve that objective through activity of presentation, discussion, and consultation. It involved 36 people in the age of 30-65 year old selected by the local government of Selokaton. The knowledge improvement of the attendees was assessed using pre-test and post-test. It was measured that the knowledge of participants increases from 4.58 at pre-test to 8.53 at post-test. This may indicate their interest on the program. It is expected that their knowledge will motivate then changing lifestyle in order to prevent the disease.

Difference in the Effect of Sedentary Behavior and Fast Food Consumption Habit on BMI (Body Mass Index) among Obese Children

Obesity is the basis of various non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which are currently major health problems in Indonesia. Furthermore, other consequences that may arise are a greater risk of social and psychological problems such as stigmatization and low self-confidence. Hence, researchers expect to change the pattern of sedentary behavior and the fast-food consumption habit among obese children. This research was a quantitative study. The treatments were applied towards two groups, and the conditions before and after treatment were compared. The results revealed that the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) among children in the sedentary behavior group before and after the intervention were 28.2 (Obesity I) and 19.2 (Normal BMI), respectively. Meanwhile, the mean BMI in the fast-food consumption habit group before and after the intervention were 28.2 (Obesity I) and 20.5 (normal BMI), respectively. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the decrease in BMI between the two groups (p<0.05). The sedentary behavior group showed a higher mean value than the fast-food habit group, namely 20.0 and 19.6, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the intervention in the sedentary behavior group was more influential than the fast-food habit group.

Abstract 15207: The Risk of Alcohol Consumption Habit in Japanese Atrial Fibrillation Patients: The Fushimi Af Registry

Background: Excessive alcohol intake is the risk of death, cerebrovascular event and bleeding. On the other hand, moderate drinking reduces the risk of cardiovascular event. However, the effect of alcohol consumption habit on mortality and cardiovascular event in AF patients remains unclear. Method: The Fushimi AF Registry is a community-based prospective survey of AF patients in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, which is a typical urban district of Japan. We started to enroll patients from March 2011, and follow-up data were available for 4,466 patients by the end of November 2019. In the entire cohort, data of alcohol drinking were available for 2,944 patients. 834 patients drank daily, 554 socially and 1556 hardly (daily, socially and hardly group, respectively). Result: Compared with hardly groups, patients in daily and socially groups were younger, more often male, more in body weight and more likely to have persistent/permanent type AF. Daily and socially groups were less likely to have heart failure, chronic kidney disease and had lower CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. Hypertension and prior stroke/SE were the highest in daily group. Pulse rate, diabetes mellitus and prior bleeding were comparable between three groups. During the median follow-up of 1,482 days, the incidence rate of stroke/SE was significantly higher in hardly group than daily or socially groups (daily vs. socially vs. hardly: 1.19 vs. 1.11 vs. 1.49 per 100 person-years, respectively, log rank p=0.006). The incidence rates of all-cause death (2.45 vs. 3.15 vs. 4.44, p<0.0001) and cardiac death (0.26 vs. 0.46 vs. 0.67, p=0.0004) were also significantly higher in hardly group than the other two groups. The incidence rate of major bleeding was not significantly different between three groups (1.35 vs. 1.20 vs. 1.30, p=0.39). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, daily drinking was significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause death and cardiac death. There was no other association between the groups. Conclusion: As compared with patients drinking alcohol, the risk of stroke/SE, all-cause death, cardiac death in hardly drinking patients were significantly higher. Daily drinking was significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause death and cardiac death.

Determinants of Households’ Adaptation Practices against Climate Change Impact on Off-farm Activities in Western Hill of Nepal

Climate change is one of the serious concerns which have a substantial impact in all areas of human civilization. Among these areas, agriculture is the worst hit sector. This study aims to analyze the determinants of households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off-farm activities in western hill of Nepal. It utilizes the data collected from six village development committees from three districts (Lamjung, Tanahu and Kaski) of western hill of Nepal. Out of 245793 Households 556 households were chosen for the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire through face to face interview with household head or a household member having age 45 years and above with residing in that locality since last 15 years. Binary logistic regression analysis has been carried out. Household size is only the matter for determining the households' adaptation practices for shifting to non-agricultural activities which is also the matter for temporary migration to another places. Education is the determining factor for changing the food consumption habit and temporary migration. Agriculture skill is the common determining factor for change in food consumption habit and shifting to non-agricultural activities. Sex and marital status are the major determining factors only for shifting to non-agricultural employment. Age is the significant predictor of temporary migration. Caste is also the major determining factor for changing the food consumption habit and temporary migration respectively.