scholarly journals UPPER CATCHMENT OF BRIBIN UNDERGROUND RIVER HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY (GUNUNG SEWU KARST, GUNUNG KIDUL, JAVA, INDONESIA)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Processes ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Process ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

This research was conducted within Bribin underground river, the primary river in the Gunung Sewu karst area, Gunung Kidul, Java, Indonesia. The main purpose of this study is to describe hydrogeochemical processes that occur at the upstream of Bribin River. In addition, this study also differentiates hydrogeochemical dominant processes, which come about in rainy season and dry season. Study area boundary is the upper rainfall catchment of Bribin River that is focused on three locations: Pentung River (surface), Luweng Jomblangan, and Gilap Cave. Discharge measurements for one yearperiod are conducted to define discharge hydrograph. Furthermore, baseflow separation analysis is conducted to determine the percentage of base flow (PAD) throughout the year. Water sampling for hydrogeochemical analysis is taken everymonth to represent dry season and rainy season condition. To describe the hydrogeochemical processes, scatter plot analysis with small sample size is conducted. The result shows that within dry season, dominant hydrogeochemical process is water rock interaction that indicates by: achieving maximum level of Ca2+-HCO3- ; strong relationship between discharge increment and PAD reduction; strong relationship between increasing of Ca2+-HCO3- and increasing of PAD. In addition,strong relationship between the increase in Ca2+-HCO3- and reduction of carbondioxide in water as well as minimum level of carbondioxide gas in water at the peak of dry season, is also present. In rainy season, hydrogeochemical process shifted from water-rock interaction to dilution by precipitation as a result of rain water supply through conduit system channel,which is characterized by: declining in Ca2+-HCO3- when discharge increase; increasing Ca2+-HCO3- when discharge decrease; low correlation of spesific conductivity vs Ca2+-HCO3 -; low correlation of PAD vs Ca2+-HCO3 - when discharge increase, strong correlation between declining in PAD by increasing of CO2 in the water, and rising of CO2 when discharge increase.

Seasonal Transmitting Potential of Malaria Vectors in Six Communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
O.F. Olorunniyi ◽  
O.A. Idowu ◽  
A.B. Idowu ◽  
O.R. Pitan ◽  
T.S. Oyeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Malaria vectors are found virtually in all communities of Nigeria. Understanding the transmitting potential of these vectors in  relationship with the malaria parasite (MP) infection is essential to design a sustainable community base control programme. This study aimed at determining this relationship in six communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The communities were randomly selected through a multistage sampling. Blood samples were screened for MPinfection among human volunteers during dry and rainy seasons in each community. Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors for twelve months in the communities using light traps. Female  Anopheles mosquitoes collected were characterized by Polymerase Chain Reactions and circumsporozoite proteins of the infected mosquitoes were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Prevalence of MP infection, human biting rates (HBR), sporozoite rates and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) were determined using appropriate formulae. Overall prevalence of MPinfection was 26% in dry season and 38% in rainy season (P=0.001). Female Anopheles mosquitoes collected were 428. Strong relationship existed between HBR and MP infection in rainy  season (R2 = 0.671) but the relationship was weak (R2 = 0.209) in dry season. Sporozoites were detected in 2.3% of the female Anopheles mosquitoes collected. EIRs were between 0.100 - 0.252 infective bites/person/night.  Transmission of malaria parasites occurred throughout the year particularly during rainy season when there were recorded EIRs. Malaria control interventions will be more appropriate during raining season in this region. Keywords: Anophelesmosquitoes, Nigeria, transmission, malaria, season

scholarly journals ROLLING MOSAIC METHOD TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIAL FISHING ZONE FORECASTING FOR COASTAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Komang Iwan Suniada ◽  
Eko Susilo ◽  
Wingking Era Rintaka Siwi ◽  
Nuryani Widagti
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
Seasurface Temperature ◽  
Potential Fishing Zone

The production of the Indonesian Institute for Marine Research and Observation’s mapping of forecast fishing areas (peta prakiraan daerah penangkapan ikan or PPDPI) based on passive satellite imagery is often constrained by high-cloud-cover issues, which lead to sub-optimal results. This study examines the use of the rolling mosaic method for providing geophysical variables, in particular, seasurface temperature (STT) together with minimum cloud cover, to enable clearer identification of oceanographic conditions. The analysis was carried out in contrasting seasons: dry season in July 2018 and rainy season in December 2018. In general, the rolling mosaic method is able to reduce cloud cover for sea-surface temperature (SST) data. A longer time range will increase the coverage percentage (CP) of SST data. In July, the CP of SST data increased significantly, from 15.3 % to 30.29% for the reference 1D mosaic and up to 84.19 % to 89.07% for the 14D mosaic. In contrast, the CP of SST data in December tended to be lower, from 4.93 % to 13.03% in the 1D mosaic to 41.48 % to 51.60% in the14D mosaic. However, the longer time range decreases the relationship between the reference SST data and rolling mosaic method data. A strong relationship lies between the 1D mosaic and 3D mosaics, with correlation coefficients of 0.984 for July and 0.945 for December. Furthermore, a longer time range will decrease root mean square error (RMSE) values. In July, RMSE decreased from 0.288°C (3D mosaic) to 0.471°C (14D mosaic). The RMSE value in December decreased from 0.387°C (3D mosaic) to 0.477°C (14D mosaic). Based on scoring analysis of CP, correlation coefficient and RMSE value, results indicate that the 7D mosaic method is useful for providing low-cloud-coverage SST data for PPDPI production in the dry season, while the 14D mosaic method is suitable for the rainy season.

scholarly journals The contribution of CO2 content in rainfall to dissolution process in karst area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
Novi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Dissolution Process ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Underground River ◽  
One Year ◽  
Quality Measurements

As one of greenhouse gases, CO2 content in rainfall is has correlation with CO2 contentin atmosphere. The higher content of CO2 in rainfall will accelerate dissolution processin karst landscape. The aims of this research are to define water quality of rainfall, to determinewater quality of underground river in Bribin, and to analyze the trend of CO2content in rainfall and CO2 content in underground river. Water quality measurements ofrainfall and underground river in karst area was performed during one year in dry seasonand rainy season to compare the rainfall contribution in CO2 content in undergroundriver of Bribin.Based on the result of this research shows that rainfall accelerate CO2 content in undergroundriver that resultintensive dissolution in karst area of Bribin.Water-rock-gas interactionis used to define CO2 contribution from rainfall. Dissolution process is much intensivein rainy season that shows dominant water-rock-gas interaction due to dilution byMiscellaneous topics 193precipitation. In the end of rainy season, the influence of rainfallas the contribution ofCO2 content in river is much less. In dry season, the dominant process in river iswaterrockinteraction due to lack of CO2 from rainfall so that dissolution process will be decreased.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Typical Dolomite Karst Basin in Humid Subtropical Zone

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Shizhen Xiao ◽  
Cheng Zeng ◽  
Jiacheng Lan ◽  
Yongning Di ◽  
Jianghu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The hydrochemical characteristics and variation rules of water in karst areas are important for the basic research of karst field. Because only a few researches focused on the hydrochemical characteristics of humid subtropical dolomite karst basins in the past, the Shanmuhe Basin and its subbasin Huangzhouhe Basin in Shibing Dolomite Karst World Natural Heritage Site in China were selected as the study area. A total of 215 water samples were collected and analyzed. It was found that the hydrochemical type of subtropical dolomite karst basin is HCO3-Ca·Mg type, which is different from that in limestone areas and shale districts, which is HCO3-Ca type for both; EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Mg2+/Ca2+, and Mg2+/HCO3- have similar spatial variations, which are lower in allogenic water in the upstream in the northwest of the basin and become higher when the water enters the dolomite karst area in the mid and downstream of the basin, and SIC and SID of the allogenic water in the upstream are below zero, while those become saturated after entering the dolomite area in the mid and downstream; the monthly variation of hydrochemistry shows that the seasonal variation of ion concentration is not obvious, and there is a dilution effect in rainy seasons, but the variation of ion concentration is small and relatively stable; higher HCO3- concentration and Mg2+/Ca2+ in the pure dolomite basin are higher than those in the impure dolomite basin; the main influencing factors of the hydrochemical features are geological background especially the lithology, and the water chemistry is mainly controlled by rock weathering and water-rock interaction; rainfall import is low and the low concentrations of K+, Na+, NO3-, Cl-, and SO42- in water indicate that human activities have little effect on the hydrochemistry in the study area.

scholarly journals Variasi Temporal Hidrogeokimia Sungai Bawah Tanah (SBT) Anjani, Karst Jonggrangan, Java Island, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Slow Flow ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Gua Anjani merupakan salah satu bagian dari kawasan karst Jonggrangan yang memiliki peran penting bagi masyarakat. Underground river yang mengalir melewati gua ini dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Karakterisasi akuifer perlu dilakukan untuk menunjang pengelolaan sumberdaya air yang berkelanjutan di SBT Gua Anjani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan variasi temporal kondisi hidrogeokimia yang selanjutkan diharapkan dapat membantu mendefinisikan secara lebih detail terkait kondisi akuifer yang me-recharge Anjani underground river. Pengambilan sampel di underground river dilakukan selama satu tahunmencakup musim kemarau dan penghujan, serta saat flood-events. Analisis hidrokimiadilakukan berdasarkan data konsentrasi ion mayor yang terlarut dalam air dan sifat fisik kimia air. Selain itu, SI kalsit dan log PCO2 dihitung untuk melihat variasi temporalagresivitas terhadap mineral kalsit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel air memiliki tipe HCO3-Ca. Chemical constituent in water bervariasi secara temporal, yang menunjukkan konsentrasi tinggi ketika musim kemarau dan menurun ketika musimpenghujan. Tingginya kandungan kimia ketika musim kemarau disebabkan underground river didominasi oleh slow-flow (diffuse), sehingga air memiliki waktu tinggal yang lama dalam akuifer. Hal ini memungkinkan water-rock interaction terjadi lebih intensif. Sementara itu, kandungan kimia yang rendah ketika musim penghujan disebabkan karena masukan dari quick-flow yang merubah water-rock interaction menuju proses dilution by precipitation. Secara umum, air di underground river bersifat saturated sepanjang tahun, sedangkan sample saat flood-events menunjukkan sifat agresif untuk melarutkan batugamping. Hal ini salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh suplai CO2 dari sungai alogenik yang merecharge Anjani underground river, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya proses pelarutan lebih intensif.

scholarly journals The relationship between the diamondback moth, climatic factors, cabbage crops and natural enemies in a tropical area

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gallo Sow ◽  
Karamoko Diarra ◽  
Laurence Arvanitakis ◽  
Dominique Bordat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of abiotic and biotic factors (rainfall, temperature, host plant and natural enemies) on population dynamics of the Plutella xylostella L. diamondback moth was investigated. The experiments were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons for two years (June 2009-April 2011) on unsprayed cabbage plots in Malika (Senegal). Every 10 days, 10 cabbages were randomly selected. Plutella xylostella larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were recorded on each plant. Before each sampling, the diameters and ages of plants were recorded. Temperature and rainfall were also recorded during this study. Larvae and pupae of P. xylstella were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. There was a negative correlation between temperature and P. xylostella populations, and a strong relationship between P. xylostella populations and the age of cabbages. Females oviposited on young cabbages where the presence of young larvae was important, whereas older immature stages were mainly found in older cabbage plants. Parasitoid populations were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. High temperatures did not increase the pest populations and parasitism rate. There was no effect found on pest, plants and natural enemies due to rainfall. There was a positive correlation between pest populations and parasitism. Four Hymenoptera species were found: Oomyzus sokolowskii, Apanteles litae, Cotesia plutellae and Brachymeria citrae, but they were not efficient to control the P. xylostella populations. These results are important for understanding the factors that promote or inhibit pest populations and their natural enemies, and therefore essential for effective crop protection.

scholarly journals Relationship of Climatic Variables with Abundance of Indoor Mosquito Genera in Six Communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Omojola F. Olorunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between climate variables and mosquito abundance is an important factor to determine parasite activity levels and disease risk since various mosquito genera are vectors of parasitic diseases. This necessitated the investigation of relationship between climatic variables and mosquito abundance in Ekiti State, Nigeria with reference to six selected communities. Adult mosquitoes were collected indoor for twelve months in these communities using light traps. The abundance of collected mosquitoes was related with climatic variables (rainfall, relative humidity and temperature). One thousand two hundred and seventeen (1217) adult mosquitoes were collected indoor in all the communities. The population of the mosquito genera was significantly higher (P=0.01) in rainy season than dry season. Average rainfall showed a strong relationship (R2= 0.751) with Anopheles abundance but relationship was weak for both Culex (R2= 0.236) and Aedes (R2= 0.042). The relationship of relative humidity and average temperature with abundance of mosquito genera was generally weak. Since the abundance of mosquito genera was higher in all the communities during rainy season than dry season it will be more appropriate to control mosquitoes in the communities during the rainy season.

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

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