scholarly journals ROLLING MOSAIC METHOD TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIAL FISHING ZONE FORECASTING FOR COASTAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Komang Iwan Suniada ◽  
Eko Susilo ◽  
Wingking Era Rintaka Siwi ◽  
Nuryani Widagti
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
Seasurface Temperature ◽  
Potential Fishing Zone

The production of the Indonesian Institute for Marine Research and Observation’s mapping of forecast fishing areas (peta prakiraan daerah penangkapan ikan or PPDPI) based on passive satellite imagery is often constrained by high-cloud-cover issues, which lead to sub-optimal results. This study examines the use of the rolling mosaic method for providing geophysical variables, in particular, seasurface temperature (STT) together with minimum cloud cover, to enable clearer identification of oceanographic conditions. The analysis was carried out in contrasting seasons: dry season in July 2018 and rainy season in December 2018. In general, the rolling mosaic method is able to reduce cloud cover for sea-surface temperature (SST) data. A longer time range will increase the coverage percentage (CP) of SST data. In July, the CP of SST data increased significantly, from 15.3 % to 30.29% for the reference 1D mosaic and up to 84.19 % to 89.07% for the 14D mosaic. In contrast, the CP of SST data in December tended to be lower, from 4.93 % to 13.03% in the 1D mosaic to 41.48 % to 51.60% in the14D mosaic. However, the longer time range decreases the relationship between the reference SST data and rolling mosaic method data. A strong relationship lies between the 1D mosaic and 3D mosaics, with correlation coefficients of 0.984 for July and 0.945 for December. Furthermore, a longer time range will decrease root mean square error (RMSE) values. In July, RMSE decreased from 0.288°C (3D mosaic) to 0.471°C (14D mosaic). The RMSE value in December decreased from 0.387°C (3D mosaic) to 0.477°C (14D mosaic). Based on scoring analysis of CP, correlation coefficient and RMSE value, results indicate that the 7D mosaic method is useful for providing low-cloud-coverage SST data for PPDPI production in the dry season, while the 14D mosaic method is suitable for the rainy season.

Seasonal Transmitting Potential of Malaria Vectors in Six Communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
O.F. Olorunniyi ◽  
O.A. Idowu ◽  
A.B. Idowu ◽  
O.R. Pitan ◽  
T.S. Oyeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Malaria vectors are found virtually in all communities of Nigeria. Understanding the transmitting potential of these vectors in  relationship with the malaria parasite (MP) infection is essential to design a sustainable community base control programme. This study aimed at determining this relationship in six communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The communities were randomly selected through a multistage sampling. Blood samples were screened for MPinfection among human volunteers during dry and rainy seasons in each community. Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors for twelve months in the communities using light traps. Female  Anopheles mosquitoes collected were characterized by Polymerase Chain Reactions and circumsporozoite proteins of the infected mosquitoes were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Prevalence of MP infection, human biting rates (HBR), sporozoite rates and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) were determined using appropriate formulae. Overall prevalence of MPinfection was 26% in dry season and 38% in rainy season (P=0.001). Female Anopheles mosquitoes collected were 428. Strong relationship existed between HBR and MP infection in rainy  season (R2 = 0.671) but the relationship was weak (R2 = 0.209) in dry season. Sporozoites were detected in 2.3% of the female Anopheles mosquitoes collected. EIRs were between 0.100 - 0.252 infective bites/person/night.  Transmission of malaria parasites occurred throughout the year particularly during rainy season when there were recorded EIRs. Malaria control interventions will be more appropriate during raining season in this region. Keywords: Anophelesmosquitoes, Nigeria, transmission, malaria, season

Factors affecting birth weight of Holstein-Friesian calves in Western Nigeria

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Adeneye ◽  
T. A. Bamiduro ◽  
Adetowun K. Adenbanjo ◽  
A. A. Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Holstein Calves

SUMMARYThe birth weight of Friesian and Holstein calves in Western Nigeria was generally lower than that recorded in other tropical countries. This was attributed to a low plane of nutrition during pregnancy and a consequent reduction in length of gestation of the dams. On average, pure-bred Friesian, pure-bred Holstein and Holstein x Friesian calves weighed 29·1, 30·8 and 30·7 kg respectively at birth. Male and female Friesian, Holstein and cross-bred calves averagely weighed 29·9 and 28·2 kg, 29·9 and 31·7 kg, and 32·6 and 28·8 kg respectively. Both the sex differences and breed x sex interaction were not significant.Positive correlation coefficients of 0·45, 0·38 and 0·26 found between calf birth weight and gestation length for the Friesians (P < 0·05), Holsteins (P < 0·01) and their crosses (P > 0·05) respectively suggest that gestation length had a significant effect on Friesian and Holstein calf birth weight. In many cases, parturition occurred 8–16 days earlier than expected.Calves born during the rainy season (April–September) were approximately 10% heavier at birth than those born during the dry season (October–March). The heaviest calves were born during the second half (July–September) of the rainy season. The breed x sex x season of calving interaction was significant for the Holstein breed (P < 0·05). Holstein male calves born during the rainy season were significantly (P <; 0·05) heavier than those born during the dry season. Friesian dams with three or more parities and Holstein dams that were 3 years old and above produced calves that were significantly (P < 0·01) heavier at birth than calves of younger dams.

scholarly journals UPPER CATCHMENT OF BRIBIN UNDERGROUND RIVER HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY (GUNUNG SEWU KARST, GUNUNG KIDUL, JAVA, INDONESIA)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Processes ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Process ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

This research was conducted within Bribin underground river, the primary river in the Gunung Sewu karst area, Gunung Kidul, Java, Indonesia. The main purpose of this study is to describe hydrogeochemical processes that occur at the upstream of Bribin River. In addition, this study also differentiates hydrogeochemical dominant processes, which come about in rainy season and dry season. Study area boundary is the upper rainfall catchment of Bribin River that is focused on three locations: Pentung River (surface), Luweng Jomblangan, and Gilap Cave. Discharge measurements for one yearperiod are conducted to define discharge hydrograph. Furthermore, baseflow separation analysis is conducted to determine the percentage of base flow (PAD) throughout the year. Water sampling for hydrogeochemical analysis is taken everymonth to represent dry season and rainy season condition. To describe the hydrogeochemical processes, scatter plot analysis with small sample size is conducted. The result shows that within dry season, dominant hydrogeochemical process is water rock interaction that indicates by: achieving maximum level of Ca2+-HCO3- ; strong relationship between discharge increment and PAD reduction; strong relationship between increasing of Ca2+-HCO3- and increasing of PAD. In addition,strong relationship between the increase in Ca2+-HCO3- and reduction of carbondioxide in water as well as minimum level of carbondioxide gas in water at the peak of dry season, is also present. In rainy season, hydrogeochemical process shifted from water-rock interaction to dilution by precipitation as a result of rain water supply through conduit system channel,which is characterized by: declining in Ca2+-HCO3- when discharge increase; increasing Ca2+-HCO3- when discharge decrease; low correlation of spesific conductivity vs Ca2+-HCO3 -; low correlation of PAD vs Ca2+-HCO3 - when discharge increase, strong correlation between declining in PAD by increasing of CO2 in the water, and rising of CO2 when discharge increase.

scholarly journals The relationship between the diamondback moth, climatic factors, cabbage crops and natural enemies in a tropical area

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gallo Sow ◽  
Karamoko Diarra ◽  
Laurence Arvanitakis ◽  
Dominique Bordat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of abiotic and biotic factors (rainfall, temperature, host plant and natural enemies) on population dynamics of the Plutella xylostella L. diamondback moth was investigated. The experiments were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons for two years (June 2009-April 2011) on unsprayed cabbage plots in Malika (Senegal). Every 10 days, 10 cabbages were randomly selected. Plutella xylostella larvae, pupae and parasitoid cocoons were recorded on each plant. Before each sampling, the diameters and ages of plants were recorded. Temperature and rainfall were also recorded during this study. Larvae and pupae of P. xylstella were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. There was a negative correlation between temperature and P. xylostella populations, and a strong relationship between P. xylostella populations and the age of cabbages. Females oviposited on young cabbages where the presence of young larvae was important, whereas older immature stages were mainly found in older cabbage plants. Parasitoid populations were higher for the dry season than the rainy season. High temperatures did not increase the pest populations and parasitism rate. There was no effect found on pest, plants and natural enemies due to rainfall. There was a positive correlation between pest populations and parasitism. Four Hymenoptera species were found: Oomyzus sokolowskii, Apanteles litae, Cotesia plutellae and Brachymeria citrae, but they were not efficient to control the P. xylostella populations. These results are important for understanding the factors that promote or inhibit pest populations and their natural enemies, and therefore essential for effective crop protection.

scholarly journals Relationship of Climatic Variables with Abundance of Indoor Mosquito Genera in Six Communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Omojola F. Olorunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between climate variables and mosquito abundance is an important factor to determine parasite activity levels and disease risk since various mosquito genera are vectors of parasitic diseases. This necessitated the investigation of relationship between climatic variables and mosquito abundance in Ekiti State, Nigeria with reference to six selected communities. Adult mosquitoes were collected indoor for twelve months in these communities using light traps. The abundance of collected mosquitoes was related with climatic variables (rainfall, relative humidity and temperature). One thousand two hundred and seventeen (1217) adult mosquitoes were collected indoor in all the communities. The population of the mosquito genera was significantly higher (P=0.01) in rainy season than dry season. Average rainfall showed a strong relationship (R2= 0.751) with Anopheles abundance but relationship was weak for both Culex (R2= 0.236) and Aedes (R2= 0.042). The relationship of relative humidity and average temperature with abundance of mosquito genera was generally weak. Since the abundance of mosquito genera was higher in all the communities during rainy season than dry season it will be more appropriate to control mosquitoes in the communities during the rainy season.

 Intraseasonal Variability of Cloud Cover in Midlatitudes during Boreal Winter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reona Satoh ◽  
Noriyuki Nishi ◽  
Hitoshi Mukougawa
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Upward Motion ◽  
Total Cloud Cover ◽  
High Cloud ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Low Cloud

&lt;p&gt;We investigated the spatial structure of the intraseasonal variation (15-30 day) in cloud cover in the mid-latitudes during winter. We attempted to interpret the spatial pattern of clouds in&amp;#12288;the context of Rossby waves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used the total cloud cover in H-series dataset (1984-2016) by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) based on the satellite observations, and ERA-Interim re-analysis data (1980-2016) including high, medium, and low cloud covers defined by &amp;#963; coordinate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We calculated correlation coefficients between the geopotential height at 300hPa (Z300) at a certain position and the cloud covers, meridional wind, and vertical velocity in the surrounding area. The positions of the maximum of high (0.45&amp;#8807;&amp;#963;) and medium cloud cover (0.8&amp;#8807;&amp;#963;&amp;#65310;0.45) relative to Z300 are longitudinally constant for all longitudes except the region from east Asia to western part of the Pacific. The position of the maximum of the high cloud cover is located just west of the ridge and just east of the maximum positions of the upward motions of re-analysis vertical velocity and its adiabatic component. These results suggest that the adiabatic upward motion in the southerly wind region west of the ridge contributes to the generation of high cloud cover. In contrast, the position of the maximum of medium cloud cover is located just east of the trough. The position of the maximum of diabatic upward motion, which is consider to be due to condensation process is located near the maximum of medium cloud cover. These results suggest that Rossby waves modulate activity of short-period disturbances with precipitation. Apart from high and medium cloud covers, the position of the maximum of low cloud cover (&amp;#963;&amp;#65310;0.8) has large longitudinal dependency. While the position of the maximum is located at almost the same as that of medium cloud cover mainly over the continent, the position of the maximum is located just east of the ridge mainly over the ocean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The correlation coefficients between ISCCP total cloud cover and Z300 are statistically significant only over the continent, where the positions of the maximum of high, medium, and low cloud covers are all located east of the trough and west of the ridge.&lt;/p&gt;

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

Relationship between Coffee Prices in Spot and Futures Markets-An Empirical Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-188
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Futures Prices ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Spot Prices ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Highly Correlated

The present study explored the relationship between spot and futures coffee prices. The Correlation and Regression analysis were carried out based on monthly observations of International Coffee Organization (ICO) indicator prices of the four groups (Colombian Milds, Other Milds, Brazilian Naturals, and Robustas) representing Spot markets and the averages of 2nd and 3rd positions of the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) New York for Arabica and ICE Europe for Robusta representing the Futures market for the period 1990 to 2019. The study also used the monthly average prices paid to coffee growers in India from 1990 to 2019. The estimated correlation coefficients indicated both the Futures prices and Spot prices of coffee are highly correlated. Further, estimated regression coefficients revealed a very strong relationship between Futures prices and Spot prices for all four ICO group indicator prices. Hence, the ICE New York (Arabica) and ICE Europe (Robusta) coffee futures prices are very closely related to Spot prices. The estimated regression coefficients between Futures prices and the price paid to coffee growers in India confirmed the positive relationship, but the dispersion of more prices over the trend line indicates a lesser degree of correlation between the price paid to growers at India and Futures market prices during the study period.

scholarly journals Understanding variability in greenhouse gas emission estimates of smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titis Apdini ◽  
Windi Al Zahra ◽  
Simon J. Oosting ◽  
Imke J. M. de Boer ◽  
Marion de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Abstract Purpose Life cycle assessment studies on smallholder farms in tropical regions generally use data that is collected at one moment in time, which could hamper assessment of the exact situation. We assessed seasonal differences in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from Indonesian dairy farms by means of longitudinal observations and evaluated the implications of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGE per kg milk (GHGEI) for a single farm, and the population mean. Methods An LCA study was done on 32 smallholder dairy farms in the Lembang district area, West Java, Indonesia. Farm visits (FVs) were performed every 2 months throughout 1 year: FV1–FV3 (rainy season) and FV4–FV6 (dry season). GHGEs were assessed for all processes up to the farm-gate, including upstream processes (production and transportation of feed, fertiliser, fuel and electricity) and on-farm processes (keeping animals, manure management and forage cultivation). We compared means of GHGE per unit of fat-and-protein-corrected milk (FPCM) produced in the rainy and the dry season. We evaluated the implication of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGEI, and on the variance of GHGE from different processes. Results and discussion GHGEI was higher in the rainy (1.32 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM) than in the dry (0.91 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM) season (P < 0.05). The between farm variance was 0.025 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM in both seasons. The within farm variance in the estimate for the single farm mean decreased from 0.69 (1 visit) to 0.027 (26 visits) kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (rainy season), and from 0.32 to 0.012 kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (dry season). The within farm variance in the estimate for the population mean was 0.02 (rainy) and 0.01 (dry) kg CO2-eq kg−1 FPCM (1 visit), and decreased with an increase in farm visits. Forage cultivation was the main source of between farm variance, enteric fermentation the main source of within farm variance. Conclusions The estimated GHGEI was significantly higher in the rainy than in the dry season. The main contribution to variability in GHGEI is due to variation between observations from visits to the same farm. This source of variability can be reduced by increasing the number of visits per farm. Estimates for variation within and between farms enable a more informed decision about the data collection procedure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document