Is the global prevalence rate of adult mental illness increasing over time? Systematic review and meta-analysis of repeated cross-sectional population surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Richter ◽  
Abbie Wall ◽  
Ashley Bruen ◽  
Richard Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Increase Odds Ratio ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Time Point

Objectives: The question whether mental illness prevalence rates are increasing is a controversially debated topic. Epidemiological articles and review publications that look into this research issue are often compromised by methodological problems. The present study aimed at using a meta-analysis technique that is usually applied for the analysis of intervention studies to achieve more transparency and statistical precision.Methods: We searched Pubmed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Google Scholar and reference lists for repeated cross-sectional population studies on prevalence rates of adult mental illness based on ICD- or DSM-based diagnoses, symptom scales and distress scales that used the same methodological approach at least twice in the same geographical region. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018090959).Results: We included 44 samples from 42 publications, representing 1,035,697 primary observations for the first time point and 783,897 primary observations for the second and last time point. Studies were conducted between 1978 and 2015. Controlling for a hierarchical data structure, we found an overall global prevalence increase odds ratio of 1.179 (95%-CI: 1.065 – 1.305). A multivariate meta-regression suggested relevant associations with methodological characteristics of included studies. Conclusions: We conclude that the prevalence increase of adult mental illness is small and we assume that this increase is mainly related to demographic changes.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Mental Illness Symptoms in Spain in the COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Z. Chen ◽  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Allen Yin ◽  
Rebecca Kechen Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

AbstractObjectiveThis paper systematically reviews and assesses the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in the general population, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), and adult students in Spain during the COVID-19 crisis.Data sourcesArticles in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv from March 2020 to February 6, 2021.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of anxiety symptoms in 23 studies comprising a total sample of 85,560 was 20% (95% CI: 15% - 25%, I2 = 99.9%), that of depression symptoms in 23 articles with a total sample comprising of 86,469 individuals was 23% (95% CI: 18% - 28%, I2 = 99.8%), and that of insomnia symptoms in 4 articles with a total sample of 915 were 52% (95% CI: 42-64%, I2 = 88.9%). The overall prevalence of mental illness symptoms in frontline HCWs, general population, and students in Spain are 42%, 19%, and 50%, respectively.DiscussionThe accumulative evidence from the meta-analysis reveals that adults in Spain suffered higher prevalence rates of mental illness symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis with a significantly higher rate relative to other countries such as China. Our synthesis reveals high heterogeneity, varying prevalence rates and a relative lack of studies in frontline and general HCWs in Spain, calling future research and interventions to pay attention to those gaps to help inform evidence-based mental health policymaking and practice in Spain during the continuing COVID-19 crisis. The high prevalence rates call for preventative and prioritization measures of the mental illness symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals  Prevalence Of Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies In Women In Reproductive Age, Pregnant Or Lactating Woman In Brazil: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Carlos Mocellin ◽  
Cintia Chaves Curioni ◽  
Alessandra da Silva Pereira ◽  
Simone Augusta Ribas ◽  
Michelle Teixeira Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Complex B vitamin deficiency are involved with several outcomes in fertility and pregnancy. In Brazil, the national prevalence rates of these micronutrients deficiencies in women at reproductive age was not known. Therefore, this study aims to systematically identify, select, evaluate, analyze and report the prevalence rates of complex B vitamins deficiencies in women at reproductive age in Brazil, and identify variables that may modify the outcome rates.Methods: A systematic review will be conducted guided by the following question: “What is the prevalence of vitamin B complex deficiencies in women at reproductive age in Brazil?”. The studies will be identified and selected from a literature search using electronic databases, consultation to researchers/specialists, as well as reference lists of eligible studies and reviews on the topic. Major eligibility criteria include observational cross-sectional and cohort studies performed in women with 10-49 years old from Brazil; pregnant and lactating mothers; and which that investigated the deficiency of complex B vitamins by laboratorial test. Two reviewers independently will perform the screening and selection of studies, to subsequently perform data extraction and risk assessment of bias. For data report, a narrative approach will be used to summarize the characteristics of the included studies and the individual prevalence found for each micronutrient tested, and if the studies are sufficiently homogeneous, a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) will be performed.Discussion: Identify the national and regional prevalence rates of complex B vitamins deficiencies allow the policy makers discuss, plan and implement public policy to prevent and/or reduces the rates, if they are larger, or at least highlight discussions about a program of screening the vitamins deficiencies in this specific population for to know the epidemiologic scenario among the years, serving as an indirect indicator of the socioeconomic and dietary patterns of this population. Also, specifically for folates, this study allows to compare the prevalence rates of deficiency of this vitamin before and after the mandatory fortification of wheat and corn flours implemented since 2004. Nevertheless, the evidence gathered may highlight the need for population-based studies to investigate the deficiency of these vitamins.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020188474

scholarly journals The association between cognitive impairment/dementia and albuminuria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqin Li ◽  
Shuailin Zhao ◽  
Ruiyu Wang ◽  
Baoshan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Confidential Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background To identify the association between albuminuria and dementia or cognitive impairment. Methods The literature search was performed to identify relevant scientific studies through August 2019, including PubMed/Medline and EMBASE. For inclusion, the studies had to fulfil the following criteria: population-based cohort, case–control or cross-sectional studies; quantifying an association of albuminuria with cognitive impairment or dementia; and reported odds ratio (OR), and the corresponding 95% confidential interval (95% CI). Random effects model was used to yield pooled estimates. Results A total of 16 studies (11 cohort studies and five cross-sectional studies) were included in the meta-analyses. Based on the fully adjusted estimates, albuminuria was associated with a significant higher risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. Furthermore, the same trend existed for cognitive impairment and dementia, respectively. In addition, both of Alzheimer’s diseases (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) were significantly associated with albuminuria. Conclusion Albuminuria was significantly associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Corresponding to an earlier subclinical time-point in kidney disease progress, albuminuria may be a potential factor predicting the future occurrence of dementia.

scholarly journals Ordered 24-Hrs Recalls Associate with Systematic and Order-Specific Differences in Reported Energy and Carbohydrate Intakes by Individuals with Obesity: A methodological Approach in A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costela Lacrimioara Serban ◽  
Iulia Teodora Perva ◽  
Adela Chirita-Emandi ◽  
Alexandra Sima ◽  
Nicoleta Andreescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background. In depth understanding of dietary patterns of individuals with obesity is needed in practice and research, in order to support dietitians and physicians in the design and implementation of nutritional management. We aimed to analyze the consistency of energy, macro- and micronutrients reported intakes in four non-consecutive 24-hrs dietary recalls using information collected in the NutriGen Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02837367).Methods. Data included reported food intakes from 388 adults who completed four 24-hrs recalls. Results. Analyses indicated a significant decrease between the first and subsequent evaluations in regard to energy and several nutrients, with a systematic decrease in reporting energy and carbohydrates for the second evaluation. When excluding the second 24-hrs recall from the average, this new evaluation induced significant increases in the averages for reported energy, carbohydrates, and almost all micronutrients, indicating that the second recall is a point of controversy for whether to be included or not in further analyses.Conclusion. This study identified systematic differences in energy and carbohydrate reporting in the second recall, when four ordered 24-hour recalls were administered to adults with obesity. More studies are needed to identify the source of these differences, in order to ascertain whether reporting, training bias, or behavioral changes are responsible for such differences, and whether a time point with systematic differences should be included or not in further analyses.

scholarly journals Prevalence of common mental disorders in adult Syrian refugees resettled in high income Western countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Nguyen ◽  
Maria Gabriela Uribe Guajardo ◽  
Berhe W. Sahle ◽  
Andre M. N. Renzaho ◽  
Shameran Slewa-Younan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background The immense social upheaval and ongoing humanitarian crisis created by the 2011 war in Syria has forced millions of civilians to flee their homeland, many of whom seek refugee status in Western nations. Whilst it is known that the prevalence of mental illness is higher within refugee populations, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to pool the prevalence rates of common mental disorders (namely posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and generalized anxiety disorder) in adult Syrian refugees resettled in high income Western countries. Methods Seven electronic databases (Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, PTSDpubs, SCOPUS, PubMed and Embase) were searched up to the 31st of December 2020. Using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant articles were screened by title and abstract, and later by full text. A meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence rates for each mental illness. Results Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review. Nine of these studies had a low-moderate risk of bias and were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 4873 refugees included in the meta-analysis, the total pooled prevalence rate of having any of the three mental disorders was 33% (CI 95%, 27-40%), 40% for anxiety (CI 95%, 31-50%), 31% for depression (CI 95%, 20-44%) and 31% for PTSD (CI 95%, 22-41%). A meta-regression revealed that the total pooled prevalence rate for having any of the three mental disorders was not influenced by age, host country, duration in host country, educational or marital status. Conclusions Despite significant study heterogeneity, the prevalence rates of common mental disorders in adult Syrian refugees resettled in high-income Western countries are significantly higher than reported rates in the general population.

scholarly journals The Global Prevalence of Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quek ◽  
Tam ◽  
Tran ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Global Prevalence

: Anxiety, although as common and arguably as debilitating as depression, has garnered less attention, and is often undetected and undertreated in the general population. Similarly, anxiety among medical students warrants greater attention due to its significant implications. We aimed to study the global prevalence of anxiety among medical students and the associated factors predisposing medical students to anxiety. In February 2019, we carried out a systematic search for cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of anxiety among medical students. We computed the aggregate prevalence and pooled odds ratio (OR) using the random-effects model and used meta-regression analyses to explore the sources of heterogeneity. We pooled and analyzed data from sixty-nine studies comprising 40,348 medical students. The global prevalence rate of anxiety among medical students was 33.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 29.2–38.7%). Anxiety was most prevalent among medical students from the Middle East and Asia. Subgroup analyses by gender and year of study found no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety. About one in three medical students globally have anxiety—a prevalence rate which is substantially higher than the general population. Administrators and leaders of medical schools should take the lead in destigmatizing mental illnesses and promoting help-seeking behaviors when students are stressed and anxious. Further research is needed to identify risk factors of anxiety unique to medical students.

scholarly journals Is obesity associated with depression in children? Systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailen Sutaria ◽  
Delan Devakumar ◽  
Sílvia Shikanai Yasuda ◽  
Shikta Das ◽  
Sonia Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Female Children

ObjectivesTo compare the odds of depression in obese and overweight children with that in normal-weight children in the community.DesignSystematic review and random-effect meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesEMBASE, PubMed and PsychINFO electronic databases, published between January 2000 and January 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCross-sectional or longitudinal observational studies that recruited children (aged <18 years) drawn from the community who had their weight status classified by body mass index, using age-adjusted and sex-adjusted reference charts or the International Obesity Task Force age-sex specific cut-offs, and concurrent or prospective odds of depression were measured.ResultsTwenty-two studies representing 143 603 children were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of depression among obese children was 10.4%. Compared with normal-weight children, odds of depression were 1.32 higher (95% CI 1.17 to 1.50) in obese children. Among obese female children, odds of depression were 1.44 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.72) higher compared with that of normal-weight female children. No association was found between overweight children and depression (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.14) or among obese or overweight male subgroups and depression (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.41% and 1.08, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.37, respectively). Subgroup analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies separately revealed childhood obesity was associated with both concurrent (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.45) and prospective odds (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.88) of depression.ConclusionWe found strong evidence that obese female children have a significantly higher odds of depression compared with normal-weight female children, and this risk persists into adulthood. Clinicians should consider screening obese female children for symptoms of depression.BackgroundChildhood mental illness is poorly recognised by healthcare providers and parents, despite half of all lifetime cases of diagnosable mental illness beginning by the age of 14 years. 1 Globally, depression is the leading cause of disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life years, in children aged 10–19 years. 2 Untreated, it is associated with poor school performance and social functioning, substance misuse, recurring depression in adulthood and increased suicide risk, which is the second leading cause of preventable death among young people. 3–6 The resulting cost to the National Health Service of treating depression is estimated at over £2 billion, and the wider social and economic impact of depression is likely to be considerable. 7

Prevalence, incidence and comparative meta-analysis of all-cause and specific-cause cardiovascular disease in patients with serious mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S319-S320
Author(s):  
M. Solmi ◽  
N. Veronese ◽  
B. Beatrice ◽  
R. Stella ◽  
S. Paolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have been described at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify prevalence, incidence, cross-sectional association and longitudinal increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, transient ischemic attack and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD), heart failure (HF), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), death due to CVD, and any CVD in patients with SMI. We included 92 studies, with a total population of 3,371,461 patients (BD = 241,226, MDD = 476,102, SCZ = 1,721,586, SMI = 932,547) and 113,925,577 controls. Pooled prevalence of any CVD in SMI was 9.9% (95% CI = 7.4–13.3) (33 studies, 360,144 patients). Compared to controls, after adjusting for a median of 7 confounders, SMI was associated with higher risk of CVD in cross-sectional studies, OR:1.53 (95% CI = 1.27–1.83) (11 studies), with CHD OR: 1.51 (95% CI = 1.47–1.55) (5 studies), with CBVD OR: 1.42 (95% CI = 1.21–1.66) (6 studies), and tended to be associated with HF OR: 1.28 (95% CI = 0.99–1.65) (4 studies). Cumulative incidence was 3.6 CVD events in a median follow-up period of 8.4 years (range: 1.76–30). After considering a median of 6 confounders, SMI was associated with higher longitudinal risk of CVD in longitudinal studies HR: 1.78 (95% CI = 1.6, 1.98) (31 studies), of CHD: HR: 1.54 (95% CI 1.30–1.82) (18 studies), of CBVD HR: 1.64 (95% CI 1.26–2.14) (11 studies), of HF HR:2.10 (95% CI 1.64–2.70) (2 studies), of PVD, unadjusted RR: 3.11 (95% CI 2.46–3.91) (3 studies), of death due to CVD, HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.53–2.24) (16 studies). In this meta-analysis, the association between SMI and CVD has been quantified in a world representative sample; we suggest prevention of CVD should be warranted as standard care in SMI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Psychiatric morbidity in the male sentenced Irish prisons population

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dearbhla Duffy ◽  
Sally Linehan ◽  
Harry G Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icd 10

AbstractBackground:This is the first epidemiologically representative cross-sectional study of psychiatric morbidity using research diagnostic instruments in sentenced prisoners in Ireland.Objective:To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and psychiatric service requirements.Method:We interviewed 340 men serving a fixed sentence (14.6% of total) and 98 men serving a life sentence (82% of total). Prisoners were drawn from 15 different prisons using a random stratified sampling method. Mental illness and substance misuse was measured using the SADS-L, SODQ and a structured interview to generate ICD-10-DCR diagnoses.Results:We found a high prevalence of mental illness. Our six month prevalence for psychosis (2.7%) was similar to an international meta-analysis. We found a significantly higher prevalence of psychosis in life sentenced prisoners (6.1%) compared to fixed sentenced prisoners (1.8%). Drugs and alcohol problems were very prevalent.Conclusions:Using the six month prevalence figures found for psychosis, we estimate that there are approximately 79 sentenced male prisoners with a severe mental illness who would require treatment in hospital additional to current provision. We discuss the relationship between drug availability and the prevalence of severe mental illnesses in prisons.

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