Psychiatric morbidity in the male sentenced Irish prisons population

AbstractBackground:This is the first epidemiologically representative cross-sectional study of psychiatric morbidity using research diagnostic instruments in sentenced prisoners in Ireland.Objective:To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and psychiatric service requirements.Method:We interviewed 340 men serving a fixed sentence (14.6% of total) and 98 men serving a life sentence (82% of total). Prisoners were drawn from 15 different prisons using a random stratified sampling method. Mental illness and substance misuse was measured using the SADS-L, SODQ and a structured interview to generate ICD-10-DCR diagnoses.Results:We found a high prevalence of mental illness. Our six month prevalence for psychosis (2.7%) was similar to an international meta-analysis. We found a significantly higher prevalence of psychosis in life sentenced prisoners (6.1%) compared to fixed sentenced prisoners (1.8%). Drugs and alcohol problems were very prevalent.Conclusions:Using the six month prevalence figures found for psychosis, we estimate that there are approximately 79 sentenced male prisoners with a severe mental illness who would require treatment in hospital additional to current provision. We discuss the relationship between drug availability and the prevalence of severe mental illnesses in prisons.

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The Relationship Between Insight and Internalized Stigma in Persons With Sever Mental Illness

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1648 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S453-S453

Author(s):

D. Szczesniak ◽

I. Wojciechowska ◽

M. Kłapciński ◽

E. Zwyrtek ◽

J. Rymaszewska

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

IntroductionStigma is a multistage process that makes person marked by the stigma to be perceived as diminished or even as “not fully human”. The internalized stigmatization is seen as one of the levels of stigma to be present in persons with mental illness. A new perspective to mediation models between internalized stigma and illness-related factors is needed.AimTo assess the relationship between insight in mental illness and internalized stigma, as well to verify the knowledge of illness-related factors on the phenomenon of internalized stigma among patients with severe mental illnesses.MethodsA cross-sectional study design conducted among participants of both sexes between 18 years old and 65 years old with diagnosis of psychotic disorders (F20–29) and mood disorders (F30–39), who after reading the information about the study, give their written consent to participate. Among used methods were: a questionnaire of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) by Ritsher [Boyed] et al. translated into Polish version and self-prepared interviews. Insight into mental illness was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.ResultsThe preliminary results showed patients with the insight into the mental illness have significantly higher scores on the ISMI scale. Moreover, inpatient participants and those with the diagnosis of depression were characterized by higher level of stereotype endorsement compared with outpatients and psychotic patients.ConclusionsThe obtained results may contribute in the clinical and therapeutic fields, assuming that insight and the type of treatment are strongly linked with the process of recovery and the internalized stigma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Functional disability and associated factors among patients with severe mental illness attending psychiatry outpatient unit at Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18550/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tesfalem Amare ◽

Natnael Seifu ◽

Mirkat Shewangzaw

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Severe Mental Illness ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Social Supports ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Functional Disabilities

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization (WHO), functional disability associated with severe mental illnesses was pervasive, affecting everyday life, and has a significant contribution to the global functional disability. The severe mental illnesses (schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder) were among the top ten leading causes of functional disability as indicated by years lived with a functional disability. These illnesses hurt the academic, occupational, social and family functioning of the patients. Despite this fact, functional disabilities and its contributing factors among severe mental illness were not clear. Therefore this study will assess the prevalence and associated factors of functional disabilities among patients with severe mental illnesses. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from Feb 03 to March 10, 2020, with a total of 423 participants in Mekelle, Ethiopia. A stratified random sampling method was included in the study. Functional disabilities were measured by WHO functional disability assessment schedule version two (WHODAS 2.0). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between independent and dependent variables. Results The prevalence of functional disability among severe mental ill patients was 88.1% (51.3% mild, 27.5% moderate & 9.3% sever functional disabilities). This study revealed that, being jobless [AOR=4.01, 95% CI (1.77, 12.35)], duration of illness ≥11 years [AOR=2.99, 95% CI(1.17,7.64)], those who had poor treatment adherence [AOR= 2.79, 95% CI (1.06, 7.35)], drug adverse effects [AOR= 4.61, 95% CI (1.79, 11.84)], poor social supports [AOR=6.58, 95% CI (2.01, 21.56)], and moderate social supports [AOR=4.16, 95% CI (1.88,9.20)] were significantly associated with functional disabilities. Conclusion The prevalence of functional disability was found to be high. Being jobless, duration of illness ≥11 years, medication non-adherent, having drug side effects and having poor or moderate social support were significantly associated with functional disabilities. Therefore, when treating patients with severe mental illness giving especial attention the bio-psycho-social aspect of treatment is essential.

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Effect of clinical rotation on attitude of medical students towards psychiatry and mental patients: a cross-sectional study from Western Rajasthan

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213919 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2981

Author(s):

Aditi Agrawal ◽

Sanjay Gehlot ◽

Ashok Singhal ◽

Amandeep .

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Background: People with mental illnesses experience extreme stigmatization and discrimination despite their ubiquitous presentation. Studies have reported that these negative stereotypes are shared by health care professionals too. Attitude of undergraduate medical students towards psychiatry is vital as it reflects their willingness to deal with psychiatric and behavioral disorders in general practice.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a government medical college in Rajasthan to explore the impact of sociodemographic variables and undergraduate psychiatry training on the attitude of medical students towards mental illness and psychiatry. 105 first year MBBS students and 75 interns participated in the study. Attitude towards mental illness (AMI) scale and attitude towards psychiatry-30 (ATP-30) scale were used to document AMI and ATP respectively. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and appropriate tests were used to compare mean scores of both groups.Results: There was no statistically significant difference on AMI and ATP scores between the undergraduate medical students and interns. Females, students belonging to urban setting and more educated families had a favorable attitude towards psychiatric patients. A notable shift in scores on ATP scale towards positive side was reflected between male MBBS students and interns and among students coming from rural background with exposure to medical curriculum.Conclusions: No attitude change was observed in majority of participants indicating need for greater emphasis on mental health and psychiatry.

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Psychiatric morbidity in a cross-sectional sample of male remanded prisoners?

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s079096670000923x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 128-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sally A Linehan ◽

Dearbhla M Duffy ◽

Brenda Wright ◽

Katherine Curtin ◽

Stephen Monks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Addiction Treatment ◽

Substance Misuse ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychiatric Service ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Adjustment Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Services ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractObjectives: To estimate the psychiatric service requirements for the remand population.Method: We interviewed 232 (42.6%) men, a representative sample of men on remand, using the SADS-L, SODQ and a structured demographic interview.Results: We found high rates of psychiatric morbidity in our sample. The six month prevalence of psychosis was 7.6%, almost twice the rate in a recent international meta-analysis. Major depressive disorder was present in 10.1% (six month prevalence). Substance misuse problems were also common but there was no significant difference between rates of substance misuse in psychotic and nonpsychotic prisoners. A total of 31.2% had a lifetime history of any mental illness (excluding substance misuse, adjustment disorder and personality disorder).Conclusions: The high levels of psychiatric morbidity detected in our sample indicate a substantial unmet need for mental health services and addiction treatment services for the mentally ill in Irish prisons.

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Benefit-finding and self-compassion promote psychological well-being in caregivers of individuals with mental illness: a cross-sectional study

10.1101/2021.07.14.21260546 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Edina YQ Tan ◽

Vania Yip Ting ◽

Kim Lian Rolles-Abraham

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Benefit Finding ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Resilience Factors

Background: Resilience factors that promote psychological well-being amongst caregivers of individuals with a mental illness are understudied. Coping strategies (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and benefit-finding) have been found to influence the relation between stress and psychological outcomes, but their relative contribution to psychological well-being has not been tested. Self-compassion reduces caregiver burden in caregivers, yet no research has examined its contribution to psychological well-being nor the mechanisms via which it could do so. The aim of this study was to examine benefit-finding and self-compassion as resilience factors that could promote psychological well-being amongst caregivers of individuals with mental illnesses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2019 to October 2019 in Singapore. 107 informal caregivers of individuals with various diagnosed mental illnesses completed an online questionnaire. COPE, General Benefit Finding Scale (GBFS), Self-Compassion Scale - Short (SCS-SF), Psychological Well-Being Scale - Brief (PWBS-B), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Benefit-finding was a more important predictor of psychological well-being compared to problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Self-compassion was positively associated with psychological well-being amongst caregivers, and this is partially due to an increased use of problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusions: Future interventions should cultivate caregivers benefit-finding and self-compassion and consider using psychological well-being as an additional outcome measure.

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M225. EXPRESSED EMOTIONS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MENTAL ILLNESS ATTENDING PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT OF BPKIHS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.537 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S221-S222

Author(s):

Sanjita Fyak ◽

Nirmala Pradhan ◽

Sami Lama ◽

Kriti Thapa ◽

Rajesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Expressed Emotion ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Chronic Mental Illness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Expressed Emotions ◽

Distress Scale

Abstract Background Family expressed emotions had been shown to be predictive of outcome in mental illnesses in variety of cultural settings. Distressed caregivers who provide care to mentally ill relatives are at risk for developing mental health disorders. Methods A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 85 caregivers of chronic mental illness using purposive sampling technique. Caregivers were interviewed using Family Questionnaire (FQ) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) to assess expressed emotions and psychological distress of caregivers respectively. Results More than half (55.3%) of the caregivers had low expressed emotions while 44.7% had high expressed emotions. More than half (55.3%) of the caregivers had low psychological distress, followed by medium risk (31.8%) and high risk (12.9%). Study revealed significant association between caregiver’s expressed emotion with caregiver’s relationship to patient, area of residence, socioeconomic status, age and gender of patients. Caregiver’s psychological distress had a significant association with their relationships with patient and educational qualification of patient. There was positive correlation between caregiver’s expressed emotions and psychological distress. Discussion This study illustrated that more than half (55.3%) of the caregivers had low expressed emotions and 44.7% had high expressed emotions while caring their patients with chronic mental illness. This finding is contradictory to the findings of a study conducted in India which depicts that most of the caregivers were designated as high EE (56%) as compared to low EE (44%). Another study conducted in Thailand indicated that large number of caregivers have high expressed emotion (87.5%).Another descriptive quantitative exploratory study done in Saudi Arabia had shown that majority of caregivers had low EE (85%). This differences in the results related to expressed emotions could be possibly due to variations in the sample size and tools used for data collection among these studies.

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Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Profile of Disablement among Primary Health Care Service Users in Lagos Island

Epidemiology Research International ◽

10.1155/2012/357348 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. O. Lasebikan ◽

A. Ejidokun ◽

O. A. Coker

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Care Service ◽

Health Care Service ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Younger Age ◽

Icd 10

Background. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in selected semiurban primary care centers in Lagos Island, Nigeria using the screening tool GHQ-12 and the ICD 10 mental disorders checklist (primary care) (ICD 10 PC). Methods. In this multistage cross-sectional study, 400 participants were recruited by using proportional sampling of 17,787 attendees. Results. Of all respondents, 45.8% scored positive on GHQ-12. The most prevalent “any ICD 10 disorder” was unexplained somatic disorder (57.5%), while 2.0 to 7.8% of the respondents reported varying levels of disablement. Younger age (P<0.001) and being widowed (P=0.03) were significantly associated with high GHQ scores while younger age (P<0.001) and male gender (P=0.04) were significantly associated with “any ICD 10 disorder”. Conclusion. These findings are a useful guide to the probable prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in primary care in Nigeria and in the design of appropriate interventions.

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Undergraduate nursing students’ attitude towards mental illness: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175733 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ravi C. Sharma ◽

Dinesh D. Sharma ◽

Neeraj Kanwar ◽

Pankaj Kanwar ◽

Santosh Manta

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽

Undergraduate Nursing ◽

People With Mental Illness

Background: People suffering from mental illness commonly face stigma, bias, and discrimination by general public. Health care professionals are not immune to social biases and share the public's attitude meted out to people with mental illness. Nursing students are future health manpower. There are only few studies conducted on medical students’ attitude towards people with mental illnesses in India. We have planned this study to examine the undergraduate nursing students’ attitude towards people suffering from mental illnesses.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 220 undergraduate nursing students were selected randomly with their consent to complete the Attitude Scale for Mental Illness (ASMI).Results: The nursing students were found to have a significant positive attitude towards mental illness in five of the six attitudes factors: Restrictiveness (8.42), benevolence (28.6) and stigmatization (7.3), separatism (15.6) and stereotype (9.4) However, these students had negative attitude in pessimistic predictions (12.5) domain as they rated this domain slightly on the higher side.Conclusions: Academic education in this field must be conceptualized and planned in order to favor the change of the attitudes that includes greater utilization of those teaching strategies that challenge beliefs and assumptions and promote a commitment to provide holistic care to people with mental illness.

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Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity and Substance Abuse among Iraqi Prisoners

Journal of Addiction Research ◽

10.33140/jar.03.01.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Health Workers ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Objective: Mental disorders and substance abuse are one of the most frequent disorders in the world. Mental health of prisoner’s is a major issue of public health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried at 3 prisons in Baghdad. All prisoners, both awaiting trial and sentenced prisoners, both gender were included, using stratified random sampling technique. Basic sociodemographic variables were collected using aninformation list filled during interview. Prisoners’ mental state was checked by self-reporting questionnaires scale (SRQ-20). Positive SRQ-20 test prisoners were selected for administration of the DSM-IV Structured Interview (SCID) by consultant psychiatrist. Results: A total of 1447 prisoners were approached; 70% responded; Mean age 33.9±7.17 years. About 50% of prisoners stay in prison between 5-10 years. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (positive SRQ-20 responses) was 749 (73.9%). Generalized anxiety disorder was 7.2% of psychiatric morbidity, obsessive compulsive disorder 1.5%, panic disorder 4.8%, substance abuse 50.1%, depression 11.9%, psychosis 9.2%, schizophrenia 3.2%, posttraumatic stress disorder 1.6%, and personality disorder 10.5%. Conclusion: this study shows high psychiatric morbidity and substance abuse among Iraqi prisoners that require furtherattention to enhance mental health and concentrated on the role of mental health workers for early detection and proper treatment of psychiatric disorders in prison.

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Nutritional status of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients attending Kasr Alainy MS unit: an exploratory cross-sectional study

Journal of Egyptian Public Health Association ◽

10.1186/s42506-021-00080-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeinab E. Afifi ◽

Rania I. Shehata ◽

Asmaa F. El Sayed ◽

El Sayed M. Hammad ◽

Marwa R. Salem

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Care Service ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Measurement ◽

Impact Scale

Abstract Background Nutrition was claimed to be a factor in MS causation, course, complications, and management. Several studies were conducted to assess the nutritional status of MS patients; however, few studies were conducted to assess this problem in Egypt. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to assess the nutritional status of a sample of MS patients. Methods The researchers conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study among 76 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients attending Kasr Alainy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (KAMSU) from October 2018 to January 2019 to assess the nutritional status of a sample of MS patients. Data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire including an inquiry about the socioeconomic status, and nutritional status using anthropometric measurements, patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SQFFQ), and hemoglobin level measurement. Assessment of fatigue was done using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale 5-items version. Results The mean age of the study participants was 30 ± 6 years. The disease duration ranged from 2 to 264 months. Malnutrition was prevalent among 67.1% (27.6 % overweight, 36.8% obese, and 2.6% underweight). Half of the investigated patients were anemic. According to the PG-SGA, more than half of the studied patients (53.9%) were classified as moderately or suspected malnourished. The unhealthy dietary habits such as taking only a few meals, junk food intake and skipping breakfast were observed in considerable proportions of the group. The SQFFQ revealed overconsumption of energy and fat, and less than acceptable consumption of dietary fibers by most of the studied patients. Conclusions Overweight, obesity, anemia, and unhealthy dietary habits were prevalent among the RRMS patients attending the KAMSU. Nutrition care service is extremely needed for this group of patients.

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