Is obesity associated with depression in children? Systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo compare the odds of depression in obese and overweight children with that in normal-weight children in the community.DesignSystematic review and random-effect meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesEMBASE, PubMed and PsychINFO electronic databases, published between January 2000 and January 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCross-sectional or longitudinal observational studies that recruited children (aged <18 years) drawn from the community who had their weight status classified by body mass index, using age-adjusted and sex-adjusted reference charts or the International Obesity Task Force age-sex specific cut-offs, and concurrent or prospective odds of depression were measured.ResultsTwenty-two studies representing 143 603 children were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of depression among obese children was 10.4%. Compared with normal-weight children, odds of depression were 1.32 higher (95% CI 1.17 to 1.50) in obese children. Among obese female children, odds of depression were 1.44 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.72) higher compared with that of normal-weight female children. No association was found between overweight children and depression (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.14) or among obese or overweight male subgroups and depression (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.41% and 1.08, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.37, respectively). Subgroup analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies separately revealed childhood obesity was associated with both concurrent (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.45) and prospective odds (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.88) of depression.ConclusionWe found strong evidence that obese female children have a significantly higher odds of depression compared with normal-weight female children, and this risk persists into adulthood. Clinicians should consider screening obese female children for symptoms of depression.BackgroundChildhood mental illness is poorly recognised by healthcare providers and parents, despite half of all lifetime cases of diagnosable mental illness beginning by the age of 14 years. 1 Globally, depression is the leading cause of disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life years, in children aged 10–19 years. 2 Untreated, it is associated with poor school performance and social functioning, substance misuse, recurring depression in adulthood and increased suicide risk, which is the second leading cause of preventable death among young people. 3–6 The resulting cost to the National Health Service of treating depression is estimated at over £2 billion, and the wider social and economic impact of depression is likely to be considerable. 7

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Migraine and Obesity: Is There a Relationship? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527320666210713114840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Hatami ◽

Neda Soveid ◽

Azadeh Lesani ◽

Kurosh Djafarian ◽

Sakineh Shab-Bidar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Migraine Headaches ◽

Asian Patients ◽

Subgroup Analyses ◽

Pool Effect Size

Background and Objective: Many studies have evaluated the risk of migraine headache in obese persons, suggesting controversial conclusions—this systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies aimed to clarify the association between migraine and obesity. Methods: Scopus and PubMed electronic databases were systematically searched up to February 2019 for observational studies providing data dealing with migraine disorder in obese subjects, as well as normal-weight controls. The random-effects model was applied to assess pool effect size and inter-study heterogeneity by conducting subgroup analyses. Results: Among 1122 publications, 16 studies (10 cross-sectional, five cohort studies, and one case-control study) were detected and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled data analysis illustrated an elevated risk of migraine headaches (Prevalence ratio estimate = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.15 -1.44; P = 0.000) in obese individuals than normal-weight persons. Subgroup analyses revealed that geographical distribution was an essential source of heterogeneity (p= 0.04). So that significantly greater migraine prevalence was found in European and Asian patients, but no statistically significant relationship was seen in American patients with obesity. Conclusions: Based on a cumulative meta-analysis of available studies indicating an association between migraine and obesity, obesity can be appropriately considered an overall risk factor for migraine headaches. Additional high-quality original studies considering frequency, severity, and duration of headache must clarify confident evidence.

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The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of central obesity in adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (5-6) ◽

pp. 535-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽

Mahdi Vajdi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Obesity Indices

Abstract. Backgrounds: Central obesity, as a pivotal component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous co-morbidities. Dietary factors influence central obesity by increased inflammatory status. However, recent studies didn’t evaluate the association between central obesity and dietary inflammation index (DII®) that give score to dietary factors according to their inflammatory potential. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that investigated the association between DII® with central obesity indices in the general populations. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences and Cochrane electronic databases, we collected relevant studies written in English and published until 30 October 2019. The population of included studies were apparently healthy subjects or individuals with obesity or obesity-related diseases. Observational studies that evaluated the association between DII® and indices of central obesity including WC or WHR were included. Results: Totally thirty-two studies were included; thirty studies were cross-sectional and two were cohort studies with 103071 participants. Meta-analysis of observational studies showed that higher DII® scores were associated with 1.81 cm increase in WC (Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.813; CI: 0.785–2.841; p = 0.001). Also, a non-significant increase in the odds of having higher WC (OR = 1.162; CI: 0.95–1.43; p = 0.154) in the highest DII category was also observed. In subgroup analysis, the continent, dietary assessment tool and gender were the heterogeneity sources. Conclusion: The findings proposed that adherence to diets with high DII® scores was associated with increased WC. Further studies with interventional designs are necessary to elucidate the causality inference between DII® and central obesity indices.

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Oral health in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-019-0965-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marit S. Skeie ◽

Elisabeth G. Gil ◽

Lena Cetrelli ◽

Annika Rosén ◽

Johannes Fischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Oral Health ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Group ◽

Health Measures

Abstract Background Observational studies examining the association between oral health and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) among children and adolescents have reported inconsistent findings. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to ascertain a potential difference in oral health and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children and adolescents with JIA and healthy peers, and to assess the association of prevalence of oral diseases/conditions, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases, in relation to activity and severity of JIA. Method Medline Ovid, Embase, CINAHL, SweMed+ and Cochrane Library were searched up to 25 November 2018. All articles published in English, German and Scandinavian languages focusing on children and adolescents with JIA and without JIA in relation to oral health measures, were considered. Two authors independently evaluated observational studies for inclusion. The study quality was assessed using modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed for studies focusing on dental caries as an outcome. Results Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria, covering a range of oral diseases/conditions and OHRQoL. Eighteen studies had cross-sectional design. No mean difference of dmft/DMFT indices (decayed/missed/filled teeth) was observed between the JIA - and healthy group. None of the oral health measures including dental erosive wear, enamel defects, dental maturation and OHRQoL, indicated better oral health among children and adolescents with JIA compared to healthy group. However, periodontal conditions and TMD were more predominant among children and adolescents with JIA compared to healthy peers. Conclusions Based on the cross-sectional studies, periodontal diseases and TMD were found to be more frequent in children and adolescents with JIA compared to healthy peers. Furthermore, more high-quality studies with large sample size are needed before we infer any concrete conclusion regarding the association between the prevalence of oral and TMJ diseases or oral conditions in relation to activity and severity of JIA.

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Dietary acid load and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019001125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 2823-2834 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elnaz Daneshzad ◽

Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽

Leila Azadbakht

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Acid ◽

Acid Load

AbstractObjective:Dietary acid load (DAL) might contribute to change the levels of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, the results are conflicting. The present review was conducted to determine the relationship between DAL and cardiometabolic risk factors.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases including ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar for observational studies which assessed cardiometabolic risk factors across DAL. Outcomes were lipid profile, glycaemic factors and anthropometric indices. Effect sizes were derived using a fixed- or random-effect model (DerSimonian–Laird). Also, subgroup analysis was performed to find the probable source of heterogeneity. Egger’s test was performed for finding any publication bias.Results:Thirty-one studies were included in the current review with overall sample size of 92 478. There was a significant relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1·74 (95 % CI 0·25, 3·24) mmHg;P= 0·022;I2= 95·3 %), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; WMD = 0·75 (95 % CI 0·07, 1·42) mmHg;P= 0·030;I2= 80·8 %) and DAL in cross-sectional studies. Serum lipids, glycaemic parameters including fasting blood sugar, glycated Hb, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and waist circumference had no significant relationship with DAL. No publication bias was found. BMI was not associated with DAL in both cross-sectional and cohort studies.Conclusions:Higher DAL is associated with increased SBP and DBP. More studies are needed to find any relationship of DAL with lipid profile and glycaemic factors.

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Neighbourhood socioeconomic status and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e028238 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shimels Hussien Mohammed ◽

Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽

Mulugeta Molla Birhanu ◽

Tesfamichael Awoke Sissay ◽

Balewgizie Sileshi Tegegne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status

ObjectiveLow neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) has been linked to a higher risk of overweight/obesity, irrespective of the individual’s own socioeconomic status. No meta-analysis study has been done on the association. Thus, this study was done to synthesise the existing evidence on the association of NSES with overweight, obesity and body mass index (BMI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published until 25 September 2019.Eligibility criteriaEpidemiological studies, both longitudinal and cross-sectional ones, which examined the link of NSES to overweight, obesity or BMI, were included.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction was done by two reviewers, working independently. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the observational studies. The summary estimates of the relationships of NSES with overweight, obesity and BMI statuses were calculated with random-effects meta-analysis models. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were done by age categories, continents, study designs and NSES measures. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s regression test.ResultA total of 21 observational studies, covering 1 244 438 individuals, were included in this meta-analysis. Low NSES, compared with high NSES, was found to be associated with a 31% higher odds of overweight (pooled OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.47, p<0.001), a 45% higher odds of obesity (pooled OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.74, p<0.001) and a 1.09 kg/m2 increase in mean BMI (pooled beta=1.09, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.50, p<0.001).ConclusionNSES disparity might be contributing to the burden of overweight/obesity. Further studies are warranted, including whether addressing NSES disparity could reduce the risk of overweight/obesity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017063889

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Social and Economic Factors and Malnutrition or the Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 737 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Besora-Moreno ◽

Elisabet Llauradó ◽

Lucia Tarro ◽

Rosa Solà

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Low Income ◽

Educational Level ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Living Alone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Expenditure

Malnutrition in the elderly could be tackled by addressing socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the malnutrition or malnutrition risk (MR) in the elderly. The PubMed and SCOPUS databases were searched for observational studies that included assessment of malnutrition or/and MR and socioeconomic variables (educational level, living alone, marital status, income and occupational level, feeling of loneliness, place of residence, and food expenditure) in ≥60-year-old subjects, published in English among 2000–2018 (PROSPERO: CRD42019137097). The systematic review included 40 observational studies (34 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies) and 16 cross-sectional studies in the meta-analysis (34,703 individuals) of malnutrition and MR in relation to low educational level (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.48; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.33–1.64; p < 0.001), living alone (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.73–2.14; p < 0.001), being single, widowed, or divorced (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.57–1.90; p < 0.001), and low income level (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 2.35–3.08; p < 0.001), and considering these four socioeconomic factors, malnutrition and MR is associated with them (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.73–1.93; p < 0.001). Malnutrition and MR could be reduced by increasing economic level, supporting people living alone or being single, widowed, and divorced, and improving lifelong learning.

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Determinants of Dental Service Use Based on the Andersen Model: A Study Protocol for a Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8030333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 333

Author(s):

André Hajek ◽

Benedikt Kretzler ◽

Hans-Helmut König

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Service Use ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Large Body ◽

Dental Service ◽

Health Care Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Andersen Model

Introduction: Drawing on the Andersen model, there is a large body of evidence examining the determinants of health care use, such as doctor visits or hospitalization. However, far less is known about the determinants of dental service use, explicitly using the Andersen model. Consequently, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize and critically analyze evidence from observational studies that examine the determinants of dental service use based on the Andersen model. Methods and analysis: The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL. Our main inclusion criterion is: observational studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal) investigating the determinants of dental service use based on the Andersen model. Disease-specific samples will be excluded. Data extraction will concentrate on methods (such as measurement of dental service use), sample characteristics (such as age and gender) and key results. The study quality will be assessed using an appropriate tool. Three steps (selecting the studies, extracting the data and assessment of study conducted) will be performed by two reviewers. The findings will be displayed using figures, summary tables, narrative summaries and meta-analysis (if studies are deemed similar enough and of appropriate quality).

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Healthcare utilisation in overweight and obese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e035676

Author(s):

Taimoor Hasan ◽

Tom S Ainscough ◽

Jane West ◽

Lorna Katharine Fraser

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthcare Utilisation ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Outpatient Visits ◽

Ed Visits ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aims to systematically analyse the association of overweight and obesity with health service utilisation during childhood.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science.MethodsObservational studies published up to May 2020 that assessed the impact of overweight and obesity on healthcare utilisation in children and adolescents were included. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the included participants were ≤19 years of age. Findings from all included studies were summarised narratively. In addition, rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a meta-analysis on a subgroup of eligible studies.Outcome measuresIncluded studies reported association of weight status with healthcare utilisation measures of outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, general practitioner visits, hospital admissions and hospital length of stay.ResultsThirty-three studies were included in the review. When synthesising the findings from all studies narratively, obesity and overweight were found to be positively associated with increased healthcare utilisation in children for all the outcome measures. Six studies reported sufficient data to meta-analyse association of weight with outpatient visits. Five studies were included in a separate meta-analysis for the outcome measure of ED visits. In comparison with normal-weight children, rates of ED (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.68) and outpatient visits (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.20) were significantly higher in obese children. The rates of ED and outpatient visits by overweight children were only slightly higher and non-significant compared with normal-weight children.ConclusionsObesity in children is associated with increased healthcare utilisation. Future research should assess the impact of ethnicity and obesity-associated health conditions on increased healthcare utilisation in children with overweight and obesity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018091752

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Association of parenting with suicidal ideation and attempts in children and youth: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01727-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Florence Perquier ◽

Sarah Hetrick ◽

Terri Rodak ◽

Xin Jing ◽

Wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background Suicide is a leading cause of death in children and youth, with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts (referred to as non-fatal suicidal behaviors (NFSB)) being among its strongest predictors. Positive parenting (e.g., warmth, responsiveness), negative parenting (e.g., control, hostility), and parent-child relationship quality (e.g., trust, communication) have been reported to be associated with differences in NFSB in this population. To date, no comprehensive systematic review has considered together the wide range of parenting factors studied in relation to NFSB, and no meta-analysis of existing findings has been conducted. The present study will critically appraise and synthesize the existing evidence from observational studies that examine the relationships between parenting factors and (i) suicidal ideation and (ii) suicide attempt in children and youth. Methods Studies will be retrieved from APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases. Retrospective, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies, conducted in clinical and population settings, among youth aged less than 25 years and published as articles and dissertations in English or French will be eligible. Two reviewers will select articles using the Covidence Software after title and abstract screening and full-text assessment, will extract information using double data entry, and will appraise studies’ quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Any disagreements will be discussed with a third reviewer. Publication bias will be evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test. In addition to a narrative summary of results, meta-analyses will be conducted using results from at least three studies. Three-level random effect models will allow to derive pooled estimates from dependent effect sizes (from the same sample or study). In case of significant heterogeneity, moderation analyses will be performed considering participants’ characteristics and methodological aspects of studies. The results will be reported according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the certainty of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach. Discussion In highlighting parenting factors associated with NFSB and in estimating the overall strength of these associations in children and youth, our results will inform further intervention and prevention strategies designed for young people experiencing NFSB and their families. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020165345

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Is Periodontal Disease Associated with Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000458411 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (1-2) ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Yago Leira ◽

Clara Domínguez ◽

Juan Seoane ◽

Juan Seoane-Romero ◽

Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Analysis Quality

Background: In the last decade, several observational studies have suggested that there exists an association between periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether or not this link exists. Summary: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline for systematic review was used and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016035377). The search strategy included using electronic databases and by hand searching articles published up to January 2016. MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched by 2 independent reviewers. Observational studies including patients meeting criteria for both AD and PD were eligible to be included in the analysis. Quality assessment of selected studies was performed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. From a total of 550 titles and abstracts, 5 studies were included (2 cross-sectional, 2 case-control and one cohort study) in the review. A fixed effects meta-analysis showed that the presence of PD is associated with the presence of AD (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.21-2.35). When only severe forms of PD were evaluated, a significant association was also observed (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.58-5.62). Key Messages: In the present review, a significant association was observed between PD and AD. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate the direction of the association and factors that may confound it.

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