scholarly journals The role of detours in individual human navigation patterns of complex networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Gulyás ◽  
József Bíró ◽  
Gábor Rétvári ◽  
Márton Novák ◽  
Attila Kőrösi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Networked Systems ◽  
Human Navigation ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Clear Sign ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Navigation Patterns ◽  
Individual Human

Despite their importance for public transportation, communication within organizations or the general understanding of organized knowledge, our understanding of how human individuals navigate in complex networked systems is still limited owing to the lack of datasets recording sufficient amount of navigation paths of individual humans. Here, we analyze 10587 paths recorded from 259 human subjects when navigating between nodes of a complex word-morph network. We find the clear presence of systematic detours organized around individual hierarchical scaffolds guiding navigation. Our dataset is the first enabling the visualization and analysis of scaffold hierarchies whose presence and role in supporting human navigation is assumed in existing navigational models. By using an information theoretic argumentation, we argue that taking short detours following the hierarchical scaffolds is a clear sign of human subjects simplifying the interpretation of the complex networked system by an order of magnitude. We also discuss the role of these scaffolds in the phases of learning to navigate a network from scratch.

scholarly journals The role of detours in individual human navigation patterns of complex networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
András Gulyás ◽  
József Bíró ◽  
Gábor Rétvári ◽  
Márton Novák ◽  
Attila Kőrösi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Human Navigation ◽  
Navigation Patterns ◽  
Individual Human

The Role of Saline Aerosols in the Prevention and Therapy of Cardio-respiratory and Osteo-muscular Afflictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2826-2832
Author(s):  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Viorica Vasilache ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Marin Chirazi ◽  
Cezar Honceriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Gaseous Medium ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Gaussian Distributions ◽  
Gaseous Media ◽  
Source Number

The saline aerosols generated in gaseous media, as nanodispersions, behave, with respect to the concentration levels and the lifespan, as trimodal distributions (the three domains with Gaussian distributions: fine or Aitken under 50 �m, medium between 50 and 500 mm and, respectively, coarse or large between 500 and 1000 mm). The generation in latent state is dependent on the active surface of the source (number of generator centres, the size and position of the fluorescences, the porosity, size and shape of the source, etc.), the climatic parameters, but also on a series of other characteristics of the gaseous medium. Our team has demonstrated experimentally that saline aerosols, NaCl type, besides the ability to prevent and treat broncho-respiratory and cardiac conditions, through coassistance of saline aerosols of other cations than sodium, and of the iodine anion, have for certain levels of concentrations propitious effects over the immune, bone and muscular systems. Similarly proved has been the positive influence on the development of children, as well the determinant role in increasing athletic performance and of other human subjects performing intense activities.

Monosodium Glutamate Toxicity and the Possible Protective Role of L–Carnitine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Lalrinzuali Sailo ◽  
◽  
Meesala Krishna Murthy ◽  
Khandayataray Pratima ◽  
Vikas Kumar Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Glutamate Toxicity ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Flavour Enhancer

Monosodium glutamate is naturally available non-essential amino acids, which found in naturally occurring foods and used as flavour enhancer worldwide. Monosodium glutamate is believed to be linked with diverse health problems. The aim of the study was toxic effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and the protective role of L-carnitine, light on the available literature from last 25 years about diverse toxicity studies which had been carried out on animal and human models. Google scholar, NCBI, PUBMED, EMBASE, Wangfang databases, and Web of Science databases were used to retrieve the available studies. MSG was linked with deleterious effects particularly in animals including induction of obesity, diabetes, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic and genotoxic effects showed in Literature. Few reports revealed increased hunger, food intake, and obesity in human subjects due to MSG consumption. Hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and genotoxic effects of monosodium glutamate on humans carried out very limitedly. High consumption of monosodium glutamate may be linked with harmful health effects showed in available literatures. So, it is recommended to use common salt instead of MSG. Furthermore, intensive research is required to explore monosodium glutamate–related molecular and metabolic mechanisms. L-carnitine can protect from Hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, renal impairment and genotoxic effects functionally, biochemically and histopathologically with a corresponding reduction of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Promote Intestinal Tumor Progression in Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan V. Zou ◽  
Kristell Le Gal ◽  
Ahmed E. El Zowalaty ◽  
Lara E. Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Viktor Garellick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Intestinal Tumor ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Intestinal Tumors ◽  
The Impact

Dietary antioxidants and supplements are widely used to protect against cancer, even though it is now clear that antioxidants can promote tumor progression by helping cancer cells to overcome barriers of oxidative stress. Although recent studies have, in great detail, explored the role of antioxidants in lung and skin tumors driven by RAS and RAF mutations, little is known about the impact of antioxidant supplementation on other cancers, including Wnt-driven tumors originating from the gut. Here, we show that supplementation with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E promotes intestinal tumor progression in the ApcMin mouse model for familial adenomatous polyposis, a hereditary form of colorectal cancer, driven by Wnt signaling. Both antioxidants increased tumor size in early neoplasias and tumor grades in more advanced lesions without any impact on tumor initiation. Importantly, NAC treatment accelerated tumor progression at plasma concentrations comparable to those obtained in human subjects after prescription doses of the drug. These results demonstrate that antioxidants play an important role in the progression of intestinal tumors, which may have implications for patients with or predisposed to colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Learning Speech Production and Perception through Sensorimotor Interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihab Shamma ◽  
Prachi Patel ◽  
Shoutik Mukherjee ◽  
Guilhem Marion ◽  
Bahar Khalighinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Mathematical Simulations ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Sensorimotor Interactions ◽  
Forward Projection ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract Action and Perception are closely linked in many behaviors necessitating a close coordination between sensory and motor neural processes so as to achieve a well-integrated smoothly evolving task performance. To investigate the detailed nature of these sensorimotor interactions, and their role in learning and executing the skilled motor task of speaking, we analyzed ECoG recordings of responses in the high-γ band (70 Hz-150 Hz) in human subjects while they listened to, spoke, or silently articulated speech. We found elaborate spectrotemporally-modulated neural activity projecting in both forward (motor-to-sensory) and inverse directions between the higher-auditory and motor cortical regions engaged during speaking. Furthermore, mathematical simulations demonstrate a key role for the forward projection in learning to control the vocal tract, beyond its commonly-postulated predictive role during execution. These results therefore offer a broader view of the functional role of the ubiquitous forward projection as an important ingredient in learning, rather than just control, of skilled sensorimotor tasks.

The Human Factor of Cybercrime

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110115
Author(s):  
Benoît Dupont ◽  
Thomas Holt
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
Societal Dimensions ◽  
Individual Human

This volume highlights the central role of the human factor in cybercrime and the need to develop a more interdisciplinary research agenda to understand better the constant evolution of online harms and craft more effective responses. The term “human factor” is understood very broadly and encompasses individual, institutional, and societal dimensions. It covers individual human behaviors and the social structures that enable collective action by groups and communities of various sizes, as well as the different types of institutional assemblages that shape societal responses. This volume is organized around three general themes whose complementary perspectives allow us to map the complex interplay between offenders, machines, and victims, moving beyond static typologies to offer a more dynamic analysis of the cybercrime ecology and its underlying behaviors. The contributions use quantitative and qualitative methodologies and bring together researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark, Australia, and Canada.

scholarly journals The Role of Stakeholders in Public Transportation Services Based on Information Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 717 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Rohady Ramadhan ◽  
Andi Nilwana ◽  
Muhammad Bibin ◽  
Ani Ardian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Services

scholarly journals Population-level rhythms in human skin with implications for circadian medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (48) ◽  
pp. 12313-12318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Marc D. Ruben ◽  
Robert E. Schmidt ◽  
Lauren J. Francey ◽  
David F. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Epidermis ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Pairwise Correlations ◽  
Important Barrier

Skin is the largest organ in the body and serves important barrier, regulatory, and sensory functions. The epidermal layer shows rhythmic physiological responses to daily environmental variation (e.g., DNA repair). We investigated the role of the circadian clock in the transcriptional regulation of epidermis using a hybrid experimental design, in which a limited set of human subjects (n = 20) were sampled throughout the 24-h cycle and a larger population (n = 219) were sampled once. We found a robust circadian oscillator in human epidermis at the population level using pairwise correlations of clock and clock-associated genes in 298 epidermis samples. We then used CYCLOPS to reconstruct the temporal order of all samples, and identified hundreds of rhythmically expressed genes at the population level in human epidermis. We compared these results with published time-series skin data from mice and found a strong concordance in circadian phase across species for both transcripts and pathways. Furthermore, like blood, epidermis is readily accessible and a potential source of biomarkers. Using ZeitZeiger, we identified a biomarker set for human epidermis that is capable of reporting circadian phase to within 3 hours from a single sample. In summary, we show rhythms in human epidermis that persist at the population scale and describe a path to develop robust single-sample circadian biomarkers.

Pathophysiology of genetic deficiency in tissue kallikrein activity in mouse and man

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (09) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Waecke ◽  
Louis Potier ◽  
Christine Richer ◽  
Ronan Roussel ◽  
Nadine Bouby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Cardiac Ischaemia ◽  
Kinin Receptors ◽  
At1 Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Kallikrein Activity ◽  
Deficient Mice

SummaryStudy of mice rendered deficient in tissue kallikrein (TK) by gene inactivation and human subjects partially deficient in TK activity as consequence of an active site mutation has allowed recognising the physiological role of TK and its peptide products kinins in arterial function and in vasodilatation, in both species. TK appears as the major kinin forming enzyme in arteries, heart and kidney. Non-kinin mediated actions of TK may occur in epithelial cells in the renal tubule. In basal condition, TK deficiency induces mild defective phenotypes in the cardiovascular system and the kidney. However, in pathological situations where TK synthesis is typically increased and kinins are produced, TK deficiency has major, deleterious consequences. This has been well documented experimentally for cardiac ischaemia, diabetes renal disease, peripheral ischaemia and aldosterone-salt induced hypertension. These conditions are all aggravated by TK deficiency. The beneficial effect of ACE/kininase II inhibitors or angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists in cardiac ischaemia is abolished in TK-deficient mice, suggesting a prominent role for TK and kinins in the cardioprotective action of these drugs. Based on findings made in TK-deficient mice and additional evidence obtained by pharmacological or genetic inactivation of kinin receptors, development of novel therapeutic approaches relying on kinin receptor agonism may be warranted.

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