scholarly journals Pain Perception in Contact Sport Athletes: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda O'Farrell ◽  
William Sauvé ◽  
Maxime Bergevin ◽  
Giuseppe Cimadoro ◽  
Arvisais D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Pain Testing

Contact sports athletes are regularly facing acute physical pain in part of their practice. However, the literature investigating pain perception in these athletes remains scarce. This scoping review aimed to explore the literature surrounding pain perception in contact sport athletes and to compile and understand how it is studied. The search strategy consisted of using index terms and keywords in Medline, EMBASE, Sport-Discus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global search engines. Results revealed that a mix of team contact sports and combat sports are studied and included under the umbrella of contact sports. These athletes are being compared to non-athletes as well as athletes from non-contact sports. The cold pressor test and the pain pressure test are the two predominant methods used to investigate physical pain. This review highlights the need to clearly define sports based on contact levels expected in play to better define the types of pain athletes are facing in their practice. Athlete’s level of play as well as years of experience should also be more rigorously reported. While contact sport athletes seem to have a higher level of pain tolerance than both active controls and non-contact athletes, the methods of pain testing are not always justified and appropriate in relation to the pain induced during contact sports. Future experimental studies should use pain testing methods relevant to the pain experienced during contact sports and better justify the rationale for the choice of these methods.

Personality traits and sensitivity to pain in male chronic opioid addicts

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elon Eisenberg, MD ◽  
Doron Cohen, MA ◽  
Eli Lawental, PhD ◽  
Dorit Pud, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Pain Mechanisms

Objective: Previous evidences concerning pain mechanisms, long-term opioids use, and personality traits evolve the possibility that pain perception and opioid abuse are two related phenomena and there is a need to take into account the specific personality traits as well, in examining the relationships among them. Opioid addicts (OAs) have been shown to exhibit different personality traits and pain perception as compared with healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to examine the relations between personality traits and pain perception among in-treatment OAs in comparison with controls.Design: Participants (54 OAs, 59 controls), all males, were exposed to the cold pressor test and were evaluated for latency of pain onset (seconds); pain intensity (0-100 visual analogue scale [VAS)]); and pain tolerance (time for hand withdrawal). Personality traits were evaluated using Cloninger’s Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, TPQ; harm avoidance, HA; reward dependence, RD; novelty seeking, NS.Results: In comparison with controls, OAs exhibited longer latencies, lower VAS scores, and shorter tolerance, and significantly higher NS, higher HA, and lower RD. Control group, but not OAs, showed a significant positive correlation between HA and VAS (r = 0.31, p = 0.02) and significant negative correlation between HA and tolerance (r = −0.29, p = 0.03).Conclusions: It is concluded that in contrast to healthy population, personality traits, as measured by the TPQ, do not predict pain perception in OAs.

scholarly journals Aging Independently of the Hormonal Status Changes Pain Responses in Young Postmenopausal Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme ◽  
Serge Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
The Mean

Both aging and hormonal status have an effect on pain perception. The goal of this study was to isolate as much as possible the effect of aging in postmenopausal women. Thirty-two women with regular menstrual cycles (RMW) and 18 postmenopausal women (PMW) underwent a 2-minute cold pressor test (CPT) to activate DNIC with a series of tonic heat pain stimulations with a contact thermode to assess ascending pain pathways. We found that this procedure induced much less pain during the first 15 seconds of stimulation the PMW group (P=0.03), while the mean thermode pain ratings, pain tolerance, pain threshold, and DNIC analgesia were similar for both groups (P>0.05). The absence of the peak pain in the PMW was probably due to reduced function of the myelinated Aδ fibers that naturally occurs with age.

scholarly journals Increased Pain Sensitivity in Low Blood Pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duschek ◽  
W. Schwarzkopf ◽  
R. Schandry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pressor Test

There is broad evidence for a functional interaction between the cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems. One result of this interaction is the reduced sensitivity to acute pain in individuals with elevated blood pressure, which has been established in numerous studies. In contrast to this, possible alterations in pain perception related to the lower range of blood pressure have not yet been investigated. In the present study pain sensitivity was assessed in 30 hypotensive women (mean blood pressure 95/56 mmHg) and 30 normotensive control persons (mean blood pressure 119/77 mmHg) based on a cold pressor test. Possible effects on pain perception of hypotension-related impairment of subjective state were controlled for by including a mood-scale. The hypotensive as compared to the normotensive group displayed lower pain threshold and pain tolerance levels, as well as increased sensory and affective experiences of pain. Moreover, a slight negative correlation was found, both in hypotensive and control persons, between pain sensitivity and the degree of blood pressure increase during the execution of the cold pressor test. In accordance with the previous findings on hypertension-related hypoalgesia, the present results suggest an inverse relationship between blood pressure and pain sensitivity across the total blood pressure spectrum. Different degrees of pain attenuation through afferent input from the arterial baroreceptor system are discussed as a physiological mechanism mediating this relationship.

scholarly journals Sexism-Related Stigma Affects Pain Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Yuqi Zhang ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Li Hu ◽  
Yazhuo Kong
Keyword(s):  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Laser Evoked Potentials ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Related Stigma

People with stigmatized characteristics tend to be devalued by others in a given society. The negative experiences related to stigma cause individuals to struggle as they would if they were in physical pain and bring various negative outcomes in the way that physical pain does. However, it is unclear whether stigma related to one’s identity would affect their perception of physical pain. To address this issue, using sexism-related paradigms, we found that females had reduced pain threshold/tolerance in the Cold Pressor Test (Experiment 1) and an increased rating for nociceptive laser stimuli with fixed intensity (Experiment 2). Additionally, we observed that there was a larger laser-evoked N1, an early laser-evoked P2, and a larger magnitude of low-frequency component in laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) in the stigma condition than in the control condition (Experiment 3). Our study provides behavioral and electrophysiological evidence that sexism-related stigma affects the pain perception of females.

Pain perception in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Atik ◽  
Numan Konuk ◽  
Omer Akay ◽  
Devrim Ozturk ◽  
Ayten Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective:Pain perception is reported to be altered in patients with depression and schizophrenia. However, few studies have investigated the pain perception in patients with bipolar disorders. We therefore aimed to compare pain sensitivity between patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and controls.Methods:Study groups consisted of 30 patients with bipolar disorder, and control groups consisted of 27 patients with schizophrenia and 59 healthy subjects. Pain perception was assessed with cold pressor test (CPT) by exposure to ice-water.Results:Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher pain thresholds (PTh) than patients with bipolar disorder. There were no differences between the PTh of patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects. However, patients with bipolar disorder had significantly lower pain tolerance (PT) in the CPT than patients with schizophrenia and corresponding healthy control subjects.Conclusions:The higher PTh in the schizophrenia group compared with the bipolar group found in this study supports further investigation of a potential difference in the pain perception between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Theoretical implications of these findings and possible relevant behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals A low dose of lysergic acid diethylamide decreases pain perception in healthy volunteers

2020 ◽  
pp. 026988112094093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes G Ramaekers ◽  
Nadia Hutten ◽  
Natasha L Mason ◽  
Patrick Dolder ◽  
Eef L Theunissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
1960S And 1970S

Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an ergot alkaloid derivative with psychedelic properties that has been implicated in the management of persistent pain. Clinical studies in the 1960s and 1970s have demonstrated profound analgesic effects of full doses of LSD in terminally ill patients, but this line of research evaporated after LSD was scheduled worldwide. Aim: The present clinical study is the first to revisit the potential of LSD as an analgesic, and at dose levels which are not expected to produce profound mind-altering effects. Methods: Twenty-four healthy volunteers received single doses of 5, 10 and 20 µg LSD as well as placebo on separate occasions. A Cold Pressor Test was administered at 1.5 and 5 h after treatment administration to assess pain tolerance to experimentally evoked pain. Ratings of dissociation and psychiatric symptoms as well as assessments of vital signs were included to monitor mental status as well as safety during treatments. Results: LSD 20 µg significantly increased the time that participants were able to tolerate exposure to cold (3°C) water and decreased their subjective levels of experienced pain and unpleasantness. LSD elevated mean blood pressure within the normal range and slightly increased ratings of dissociation, anxiety and somatization. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence of a protracted analgesic effect of LSD at a dose that is low enough to avoid a psychedelic experience. The present data warrant further research into the analgesic effects of low doses of LSD in patient populations.

The effect of cerebellar tumor resection on pain perception in pediatric patients.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Katie E. Silva ◽  
Julia Rosner ◽  
Nicole A. Ullrich ◽  
Christine Chordas ◽  
Lino Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cerebellar Tumor ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
The Impact

126 Background: Acute cerebellar infarctions have been shown to lead to affective and cognitive deficits in pediatric patients. However, the consequences of cerebellar insult on pain processing are unknown. Recent evidence not only suggests that the cerebellum plays a role in affective processing, but it also demonstrates increased activity in this area when individuals experience experimental or clinical pain, particularly in the posterior cerebellum. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of cerebellar resection of low-grade astrocytomas in children on pain perception. Describing the impact of this treatment may be of particular importance in children, as it may alter sensory development into adulthood. Methods: Twelve pediatric patients treated with surgery only for non-malignant astrocytomas (mean age = 13.78 ± 5.64) and ten age-, gender-, race- and handedness-matched healthy controls (mean age = 14.52 ± 5.96) were evaluated using quantitative sensory testing and magnetic resonance imaging, comprising diffusion tensor imaging, resting state and event-related functional MRI scans. Five of these patients had tumors localized to the posterior cerebellar hemispheres. The psychophysical measures assessed included heat and cold detection thresholds (HDT, CDT), heat and cold pain thresholds (HPT, CPT), and cold pain tolerance using a cold pressor task. Results: Patients with lesions in the posterior cerebellum (n = 5) were shown to have a significantly lower tolerance to the cold pressor test than controls (n = 10). No significant differences were detected for the threshold measures. This suggests increased pain sensitivity in these patients to suprathreshold noxious stimuli compared to controls. Patients with lesions that did not include the posterior cerebellar hemispheres (n = 7) did not show significant differences with controls in terms of cold pain tolerance or thresholds. Conclusions: The differences in cold pain tolerance between patients and controls are presumed to result from damage to the posterior cerebellar hemispheres, potentially interfering with the modulation of pain pathways. Analysis of the preliminary imaging data is underway and recruitment is ongoing. Support: NIH/R21CA185870(EM)

Interactive Effects of Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance and Pain Persistence on Suicide Attempt Frequency and Lethality

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Thomas E. Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Affective Disturbance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD) has been proposed as a suicide-specific entity that confers risk for imminent suicidal behavior. Preliminary evidence suggests that ASAD is associated with suicidal behavior beyond a number of factors; however, no study to date has examined potential moderating variables.  Aims: The present study tested the hypotheses that physical pain persistence would moderate the relationship between ASAD and (1) lifetime suicide attempts and (2) attempt lethality. Method: Students ( N = 167) with a history of suicidality completed self-report measures assessing the lifetime worst-point ASAD episode and the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt, a clinical interview about attempt lethality, and a physical pain tolerance task. Results: Physical pain persistence was a significant moderator of the association between ASAD and lifetime suicide attempts ( B = 0.00001, SE = 0.000004, p = .032), such that the relationship between ASAD and suicide attempts strengthened at increasing levels of pain persistence. The interaction between ASAD and pain persistence in relation to attempt lethality was nonsignificant ( B = 0.000004, SE = 0.00001, p = .765). Limitations: This study included a cross-sectional/retrospective analysis of worst-point ASAD symptoms, current physical pain perception, and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion: ASAD may confer risk for suicidal behavior most strongly at higher levels of pain persistence, whereas ASAD and pain perception do not influence attempt lethality.

scholarly journals Pain Sensitivity in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Narrative Review of Recent Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Alexandre González-Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Labad ◽  
Mary V. Seeman
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Sensory Threshold ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Constant Pain ◽  
Search For Information

Many patients with schizophrenia seem relatively immune to physical pain while others complain of constant pain. This may result from disturbances or alterations of the sensory threshold for pain in populations with psychosis, a possibility for which there is some preliminary evidence. The inconsistency in pain perception may, in part, be explained by the treatments patients receive, but treatment-naïve patients also exhibit differences in response to pain. This suggests that decreased pain sensitivity may represent a specific psychosis endophenotype. Thus far, few experimental studies have investigated sensory thresholds, pain modalities, or other factors contributing to the perception or expression of physical pain in psychosis. A digital search for information on this topic was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. The result is a non-systematic, narrative review focusing on recent clinical and experimental findings of pain sensitivity in patients with psychosis. Importantly, physical and mental pain are closely connected constructs that may be difficult to differentiate. Our hope is that the review provides some clarity to the field in the specific context of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The peer effect on pain tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Engebretsen ◽  
Arnoldo Frigessi ◽  
Kenth Engø-Monsen ◽  
Anne-Sofie Furberg ◽  
Audun Stubhaug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Peer Effect ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Average Pain

Abstract Background and aims Twin studies have found that approximately half of the variance in pain tolerance can be explained by genetic factors, while shared family environment has a negligible effect. Hence, a large proportion of the variance in pain tolerance is explained by the (non-shared) unique environment. The social environment beyond the family is a potential candidate for explaining some of the variance in pain tolerance. Numerous individual traits have previously shown to be associated with friendship ties. In this study, we investigate whether pain tolerance is associated with friendship ties. Methods We study the friendship effect on pain tolerance by considering data from the Tromsø Study: Fit Futures I, which contains pain tolerance measurements and social network information for adolescents attending first year of upper secondary school in the Tromsø area in Northern Norway. Pain tolerance was measured with the cold-pressor test (primary outcome), contact heat and pressure algometry. We analyse the data by using statistical methods from social network analysis. Specifically, we compute pairwise correlations in pain tolerance among friends. We also fit network autocorrelation models to the data, where the pain tolerance of an individual is explained by (among other factors) the average pain tolerance of the individual’s friends. Results We find a significant and positive relationship between the pain tolerance of an individual and the pain tolerance of their friends. The estimated effect is that for every 1 s increase in friends’ average cold-pressor tolerance time, the expected cold-pressor pain tolerance of the individual increases by 0.21 s (p-value: 0.0049, sample size n=997). This estimated effect is controlled for sex. The friendship effect remains significant when controlling for potential confounders such as lifestyle factors and test sequence among the students. Further investigating the role of sex on this friendship effect, we only find a significant peer effect of male friends on males, while there is no significant effect of friends’ average pain tolerance on females in stratified analyses. Similar, but somewhat lower estimates were obtained for the other pain modalities. Conclusions We find a positive and significant peer effect in pain tolerance. Hence, there is a significant tendency for students to be friends with others with similar pain tolerance. Sex-stratified analyses show that the only significant effect is the effect of male friends on males. Implications Two different processes can explain the friendship effect in pain tolerance, selection and social transmission. Individuals might select friends directly due to similarity in pain tolerance, or indirectly through similarity in other confounding variables that affect pain tolerance. Alternatively, there is an influence effect among friends either directly in pain tolerance, or indirectly through other variables that affect pain tolerance. If there is indeed a social influence effect in pain tolerance, then the social environment can account for some of the unique environmental variance in pain tolerance. If so, it is possible to therapeutically affect pain tolerance through alteration of the social environment.

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