scholarly journals Non-suicidal self-injury-related differences in the experience of negative and positive emotion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Edward Boyes ◽  
Adrienne Wilmot ◽  
Penelope Hasking
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Movie Clip ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Responses

Objective: Emotional experience is argued to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). We investigated whether individuals with/without a history of NSSI differed in their dispositional experience of negative and positive emotion, as well as their state responses to negatively and positively-valenced movie clips. Method: Undergraduates (n = 214, Mage = 21.33, 73.8% female, 35.5% reporting NSSI) completed measures of NSSI and dispositional emotional experience. Participants also viewed a sad and amusing movie clip, and provided sadness/amusement ratings at seven time-points. Results: Relative to participants with no history of self-injury, participants reporting NSSI indicated more reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of trait negative emotion; however, differences were negated after adjusting for mental illness. Unexpectedly, individuals with a history of NSSI responded less intensely to the sad clip, although they demonstrated perseveration of sadness over time. Participants reporting NSSI also indicated less reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of trait positive emotion and, in response to the amusing film, reported less amusement at all time-points. Conclusions: Considering different dimensions of negative and positive emotion may enhance understanding of NSSI. Future research should disentangle which dimensions of emotional experience are unique to NSSI and which are shared with mental illness more generally.

Aquatic activity and emotional experience in adults with severe mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Alysha A. Walter, MS, CTRS ◽  
Bryan P. McCormick, PhD, CTRS
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Potential Effect

This study examined the relationship of aquatic activity to positive and negative emotion in individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI). Individuals with SMI have been found to experience decreased positive emotions and higher negative emotions as compared to controls. It was hypothesized that aquatic activity participation would be associated with greater positive emotion and lower negative emotion post participation. Eighteen participants with a severe mental illness were recruited from a community mental health center. The study employed a pre-post design with a structured aquatic activity designed for moderate physical exertion. Participants demonstrated statistically significant increase in positive emotion and decrease in negative emotion pre to post activity. The findings of this study provide support for the potential effect of aquatic activities in psychiatric rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Emotion Goals: What Do Sexual Offenders Want to Feel?

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2611-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Garofalo ◽  
Belén López-Pérez ◽  
Michaela Gummerum ◽  
Yaniv Hanoch ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction

Sexual offenders typically experience more negative emotions and greater difficulties in regulating emotions than non-offenders. However, limited data exist on what sexual offenders want to feel (i.e., their emotion goals). Notably, emotion goals play a key role in emotion regulation and contribute to emotional experience. The present study tested whether sexual offenders ( N = 31) reported higher scores for negative emotion goals and lower scores for positive emotion goals, compared with general offenders ( N = 26) and non-offenders ( N = 26). In addition, we tested whether sexual offenders differed from the other two groups in their perceived pleasantness and perceived utility of emotions. Sexual offenders reported greater scores for the emotion goal of sadness, and lower scores for the emotion goal of excitement, compared with both general offenders and non-offenders. State and trait levels of these emotions could not fully account for these differences. Furthermore, sexual offenders reported lower perceived pleasantness for sadness than general offenders and lower perceived pleasantness for excitement compared with both other groups. Finally, sexual offenders reported greater perceived utility of sadness than non-offenders. These novel findings and their implications for research and interventions are discussed in the context of sexual offenders’ emotional dysfunction.

scholarly journals Emotion Regulation Predicts Everyday Emotion Experience and Social Function in Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Moran ◽  
Adam J. Culbreth ◽  
Deanna M. Barch
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

While recent evidence has pointed to disturbances in emotion regulation strategy use in schizophrenia, few studies have examined how these regulation strategies relate to emotionality and social behavior in daily life. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we investigated the relationship between emotion regulation, emotional experience, and social interaction in the daily lives of individuals with schizophrenia. Participants ( N = 30) used mobile phones to complete online questionnaires reporting their daily emotional experience and social interaction. Participants also completed self-report measures of habitual emotion regulation. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that self-reported use of cognitive reappraisal and savoring of emotional experiences were related to greater positive emotion in daily life. In contrast, self-reported suppression was related to greater negative emotion, reduced positive emotion, and reduced social interaction in daily life. These findings suggest that individual differences in habitual emotion regulation strategy usage have important relationships to everyday emotional and social experiences in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Within-Person Fluctuations of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Implicit Associations: An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Suicide and Self-Harm Risk.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

While a number of studies have demonstrated that those with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) hold greater implicit associations toward self-harm, no study has examined how these associations change daily. The proposed study was threefold: (1) replicate prior findings that those with a history of NSSI score higher on the implicit association test (IAT), (2) explore whether NSSI-IAT scores change daily, and (3) examine how these changes in NSSI-IAT scores relate to thoughts of NSSI and suicide. A sample of eligible participants completed a series of baseline measures assessing NSSI, depression, and completed the NSSI-IAT. Participants then responded to daily prompts on their mobile device about their thoughts of NSSI and suicide and completed the NSSI-IAT daily in a laboratory. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to assess within-person variability, as well as between-subject variables in the proposed study. Future research using the NSSI-IAT daily and assessing emotional consequences of participation in studies that use daily-prompting are discussed.

scholarly journals The Positivity Offset Theory of Anhedonia in Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Strauss ◽  
Katherine H. Visser ◽  
Bern G. Lee ◽  
James M. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stimulus Input ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Approach Behaviors ◽  
Evaluative Space ◽  
Positivity Offset

Prior studies have concluded that schizophrenia patients are not anhedonic because they do not report reduced experience of positive emotion to pleasant stimuli. The current study challenged this view by applying quantitative methods validated in the evaluative space model of emotional experience to test the hypothesis that schizophrenia patients evidence a reduction in the normative “positivity offset” (i.e., the tendency to experience higher levels of positive than negative emotional output when stimulus input is absent or weak). Participants included 76 schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy controls who completed an emotional experience task that required reporting the level of positive emotion, negative emotion, and arousal to photographs. Results indicated that although schizophrenia patients evidenced intact capacity to experience positive emotion at high levels of stimulus input, they displayed a diminished positivity offset. Reductions in the positivity offset may underlie volitional disturbance, limiting approach behaviors toward novel stimuli in neutral environments.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Yaara Benger Alaluf
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Central Place ◽  
First Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
History Of

The chapter reflects on how the history of emotions of Victorian and Edwardian holidaymaking can offer a better understanding of leisure consumption and of the entanglement of emotions, morality, and economy more generally. The book asserts that medical conceptions of emotions were imperative to the popularization of holidaymaking and to the transformation of its main objective from physical cure to emotion management. Nonetheless, the emotional economy model reveals that medical thought was by no means the only sphere of knowledge production significant for holiday culture; rather, heterogeneous bodies of knowledge all contributed to the formation of both the meaning of ‘the emotional’ and its commercial experience. The book illustrates the blurred lines between commercial and political, healthy and moral, as well as the overlapping roles of the producer, the advertiser, the doctor, and the holidaymaker. Addressing the different conceptions of emotional and moral economy, the chapter reflects on the theoretical potential of these models and offers guidelines for a comprehensive use of the concept of the ‘emotional economy’. Specifically, it elaborates on the need to account for the conceptual history of emotions, the performative dimensions of emotional experience and consumer behaviour, and the interaction between multiple spheres of knowledge production. Looking ahead to the central place of tourism in twenty-first-century societies and its relation to stress and burnout, the chapter calls on future research of past and present leisure cultures to take emotions seriously, and to rethink common notions of rationality, authenticity and agency.

Positive Emotion Dysregulation in Eating Disorders and Obesity

2019 ◽  
pp. 423-443
Author(s):  
Edward A. Selby ◽  
Emily Panza ◽  
Maribel Plasencia
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Alternative Methods

Individuals diagnosed with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder often experience a great deal of suffering and persistent reoccurrence of symptoms and engage in suicidal and self-harming behaviors. The bulk of psychological research on eating disorders has historically focused primarily on the experience of negative emotion, which has been well established as a problem across the eating disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that positive emotion dysregulation may also play an important and underappreciated role in eating disorders. The positive emotion dysregulation in eating disorders can take various forms, resulting in either a dearth of positive emotional experience or maladaptive elevations in positive emotion. Some eating-disordered behaviors, such as binge eating, may result in momentary elevations in positive emotion, while others, such as purging, may ameliorate negative emotion and simultaneously promote positive emotions such as relief. In contrast, anorexia nervosa is a disorder frequently characterized by rigid self-control; a growing body of evidence suggests that many anorexia nervosa weight loss behaviors may facilitate the experience and control of positive emotion. Importantly, the experiences of both negative and positive emotion dysregulation may contribute to challenges faced in treating eating disorders and issues with recurrence of symptoms, particularly for anorexia nervosa. Finding alternative methods for facilitating positive emotion in an adaptive manner may be critical for improving current eating disorder treatments. Thus, positive emotion dysregulation may contribute to both onset and maintenance of eating disorders; addressing these issues may provide a promising future direction for improving clinical interventions for eating disorders.

scholarly journals 3477 Impaired emotion recognition accuracy after right-hemisphere stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
Katherine OConnell ◽  
Abigail A. Marsh ◽  
Anna Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Every year, approximately 800,000 Americans suffer a stroke. Supportive social environments are recognized as an important factor contributing to successful stroke recovery, yet, stroke lesions can affect brain areas important for socioemotional functioning, which could impair a patient’s ability to maintain their social relationships. Specifically, emotion recognition, a fundamental socioemotional skill, is predominantly right-lateralized and may be impacted by right-hemisphere stroke. This research tests for emotion recognition impairments after right-hemisphere stroke and examines whether such deficits are associated with worse reported social support. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Twenty right-hemisphere stroke patients (9 female, 11 male) and 23 age-matched healthy control subjects (9 female, 14 male) completed laboratory testing including the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test Short. Subjects additionally completed a measure of self-reported social support using the Older Americans Resources and Services questionnaire. Emotion recognition accuracy was calculated using overall accuracy and valence accuracy (i.e. correctly rating a positive emotion as positive). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Right-hemisphere stroke patients had lower overall emotion recognition accuracy than controls (patients; M = 37.8%, SD = 18.9%. controls; M = 48.5%, SD = 14.6%, t(41)=2.11, p=.041). Furthermore, patients had significantly lower valence accuracy (patients; M = 84.5%, SD = 10.7%. controls; M = 90.0%, SD = 5.2%, t(41)=2.19, p =.035), indicating that they more often mistook a positive emotion as a negative emotion, and vice-versa. Finally, within the right-hemisphere patient group, overall emotion recognition accuracy was trending to be positively correlated with self-reported social support (rho = 0.397, p =.083), suggesting that poor emotion recognition skills may be associated with worse social outcomes in the real-world. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our findings indicate that right-hemisphere stroke is associated with impaired emotion recognition. Future research could investigate whether an emotion recognition training may be beneficial for right-hemisphere stroke patient recovery.

scholarly journals Non-Suicidal Self-injury is associated with Multidimensional Deficits in Interoception: Evidence from Three Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Anne Young ◽  
Jason Davies ◽  
David Benton
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Direct Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate and direct injury of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent. As the known risk factors for NSSI predispose to a range of psychiatric disorders, there is a limited understanding of the specific individual differences that result in NSSI. Therefore, in three studies, a multidimensional approach examined the novel proposition that deficiencies in aspects of interoceptive processing represent one such individual difference. Study 1 and study 2 used principal component analysis to explore the underlying structure of the sub-scales from a variety of body awareness questionnaires. Three components emerged that were replicated across both studies; ‘interoceptive and emotional ambivalence’; ‘interoceptive awareness’; ‘interoceptive appreciation’. Study 3 extended the model examining the link between NSSI and the objective interoceptive index; ‘interoceptive accuracy’. Those with a history of NSSI were characterised by a difficulty in distinguishing and interpreting interoceptive signals and this effect was mediated by a low appreciation of these sensations. These effects were reliable across all three studies. In study 3, NSSI was also associated with lower interoceptive accuracy. These data suggest that a failure to accurately detect and conceptualise interoceptive signals may lead to a depreciation of the body, predisposing to NSSI. NSSI may serve to resolve the resulting state of emotional and interoceptive uncertainty associated with the body’s function in emotional experience. These findings offer new insight into the interoceptive processes that underlie NSSI and suggest specific pathways that could be addressed during clinical interventions.

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