Sleep and testing both strengthen and distort story recollection

Over time, memories lose episodic detail and become distorted, a process with serious ramifications for topics such as eyewitness identification. What are the processes which contribute to such transformation over time? We investigated the roles of post learning sleep and retrieval practice in memory accuracy, transformation, and distortion, using a naturalistic story recollection task. Undergraduate students listened to a recording of the “War of the Ghosts”, a Native American folktale, and were assigned to either a retrieval practice or listen only study condition, and either a sleep or wake delay group. Sleep and retrieval practice independently resulted in more story elements being recalled accurately, and fewer importations of non-story elements, than the wake, no retrieval practice group. However, sleep and retrieval practice also led to more inferences of non-presented, but story related information. These findings suggest that both sleep and retrieval practice contribute equally to narrative memory stabilization and distortion.

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Intended and Actual Changes in Study Behaviors in an Introductory and Upper-Level Psychology Course

Teaching of Psychology ◽

10.1177/0098628320979893 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009862832097989

Author(s):

Shaina F. Rowell ◽

Regina F. Frey ◽

Elise M. Walck-Shannon

Keyword(s):

Retrieval Practice ◽

Study Time ◽

Study Behaviors ◽

Exam Scores ◽

Upper Level ◽

Psychology Course ◽

Over Time

We examined self-directed studying of students in an introductory (Study 1) and upper-level (Study 2) psychology course. Students reported their study behaviors for Exam 1 and 2, and wrote Exam 2 study plans. In both studies, students planned to and ultimately did use more active strategies for Exam 2 than Exam 1. However, they struggled to follow through on plans to space studying over time. In Study 1, we also found that greater use of active strategies (e.g., retrieval practice) was associated with higher exam scores when controlling for factors such as study time. Our findings highlight that students across course levels are interested in changing their study behaviors and we note implications for instructors.

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Correlating entrance data and first year academic performance of students enrolled in the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Porto

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/03064190211015650 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030641902110156

Author(s):

TMGP Duarte ◽

AM Lopes ◽

LFM da Silva

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Secondary School ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Mechanical Engineering ◽

Institutional Factors ◽

First Year ◽

Female Type ◽

The University ◽

First Year University ◽

Over Time

Understanding how the academic performance of first year undergraduate students is influenced by home, personal and institutional factors is fundamental to delineate policies able to mitigate failure. This paper investigates possible correlations between the academic performance of students at the end of high school with their achievements at the end of first year university. Data for students in the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) program within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Porto are analysed for the period 2016/2017 to 2019/2020. The students’ performance is measured by two metrics and the students are structured as a whole and by groups, according to their gender (Male/Female), type of secondary school (Public/Private), living place (Away/Home) and the rank of MIEM in their application list of options (Option 1/Option 2–6). The information is organized statistically and possible correlations between the data are investigated. The analysis reveals limited correlation between the two metrics, meaning that all students may exhibit good or poor results at the end of first year in MIEM, independent of their status at entrance. An unanticipated pattern is exhibited for the group Option 2–6, since it shows that, despite entering into MIEM without top application marks, the students in this group can perform as well as the others. This behavior is consistent over time.

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Has Carbon Disclosure Become More Transparent in the Global Logistics Industry? An Investigation of Corporate Carbon Disclosure Strategies between 2010 and 2015

Logistics ◽

10.3390/logistics2030013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David M. Herold

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Logistics Industry ◽

Carbon Management ◽

Related Information ◽

External Pressures ◽

Global Logistics ◽

Disclosure Responses ◽

Stakeholder Pressures ◽

Over Time

Global logistics companies are increasingly disclosing carbon related information due to institutional and stakeholder pressures. Existing research, however, is limited to categorizing these pressures and their influences on corporate carbon disclosure strategies. In particular, literature to date has not distinguished between different carbon disclosure strategies and how they may have changed over time. In response, this paper: (1) proposes a framework that depicts four different carbon disclosure responses and strategies based on internal and external pressures; and (2) subsequently analyzes and compares corporate carbon disclosure strategies between 2010 and 2015. Using a sample of 39 leading global logistics companies, carbon disclosure strategies are categorized based on the analysis of 25 applied carbon management practices from Bloomberg ESG to see if carbon management practices and the associated strategies have changed. The findings show overall shifts to more transparent corporate carbon disclosure strategies between 2010 and 2015 with an increase of applied carbon management practices in both internal and external actions.

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Irrational happiness beliefs and subjective well-being of undergraduate students: A longitudinal study

Journal of Positive School Psychology ◽

10.47602/jpsp.v5i1.258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

Murat Yıldırım

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Future Studies ◽

Affective Components ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

Over Time

Identifying factors that influence well-being are fruitful for improving the knowledge held about the correlates and predictors of well-being in both practice and theory. This research for the first time aimed to investigate whether irrational happiness beliefs, a newly presented construct, contribute to the affective components of subjective well-being over time. The sample included 103 undergraduate students (88 females and 15 males) whose ages varied from 18 to 29 years (M = 19.39 ±1.62). Participants completed measures of irrational happiness beliefs, positive affect, and negative affect both at Time 1 and Time 2 over three months apart. The findings showed that irrational happiness beliefs were significantly negatively related to positive affect only at Time 1. However, the research failed to provide evidence regarding the value of irrational happiness beliefs in predicting positive and negative affect over time. The results suggest that the impact of irrational happiness beliefs upon well-being may occur momentarily not over time. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed and directions for future studies are provided.

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The quality of internet information on psychosis treatment for Australian people (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.28135 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kay Wilhelm ◽

Tonelle Handley ◽

Catherine McHugh McHugh ◽

David Lowenstein ◽

Kristy Arrold

Keyword(s):

Review Process ◽

Substantial Improvement ◽

Website Quality ◽

Related Information ◽

Internet Information ◽

Editorial Review ◽

Assess Quality ◽

Available Information ◽

Over Time

BACKGROUND The internet is increasingly seen as an important source of health information for consumers and their families. Accessing information related to their illness and treatment enables consumers to more confidently discuss their health and treatments with their doctors, but the abundance of readily available information also means can be confusing in terms of how reliable the information to enable consumers, families and clinicians to participate in the decision-making process of their care. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to rate the quality of websites with psychosis-related information (using a validated instrument (DISCERN) and purpose-developed Psychosis Website Quality Checklist (PWQC) to assess quality over time and aid professionals in directing consumers to the best available information. METHODS Entering search terms ‘psychotic’, ‘psychosis’, ‘schizophrenia’, ‘delusion’, ‘hallucination’ into the search engine Google (www.google.com.au) provided 25 websites evaluated by DISCERN and PWQC at two time points, January-March 2014, and January-March 2018, by three diverse health professionals. RESULTS Only the six highest ranked achieved DISCERN scores indicating “good” quality. The overall mean scores of websites were 43.96 (SD=12.08) indicating “fair” quality. PWQC ratings were high on “availability and usability” but poor on “credibility,” “currency,” and “breadth and accuracy”, with no substantial improvement quality over time. Having an editorial/ review process (56% of websites) was significantly associated with higher quality scores on both scales. CONCLUSIONS The quality of available information was ‘fair’ and had not significantly improved over time. While higher-quality websites exist, there is no easy way to assess this on face value. Having a readily identifiable editorial/review process was one indicator of website quality. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

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Visualizations in Time for a New Look at the Movies

International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics ◽

10.4018/ijcicg.2014070103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 40-61

Author(s):

Ana Jorge ◽

Teresa Chambel

Keyword(s):

Web Application ◽

Time Dimension ◽

The Effects of Cue Utilization and Target-Related Information on Target Detection during a Simulated Drone Search and Rescue Task

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931218621053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 227-231

Author(s):

Shaheen Shekh ◽

Jaime C. Auton ◽

Mark W. Wiggins

Keyword(s):

Target Detection ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Search And Rescue ◽

Target Information ◽

Improve Performance ◽

Cognitive Demands ◽

Cue Utilization ◽

Related Information ◽

Bus Driver ◽

The Relationship

Remotely piloted vehicles or ‘drones’ have become ubiquitous both privately and commercially. One of the numerous applications for drones involves the search and rescue for specified targets. The use of ‘cues’ during target detection has been shown to improve performance and reduce cognitive demands in many environments. This study examined the relationship between cue utilization and level of target detail during a high-fidelity simulated drone search and rescue task. Seventy-six undergraduate students from an Australian University operated a payload (long range camera) to detect a ‘target’ (a bus driver stranded in the Utah desert) while flying on a pre-programmed flight path. The results indicated that the provision of detailed target information was associated with greater rates of target detection. Further, participants with higher cue utilization were more likely to locate the target. Finally, participants with higher cue utilization, and provided with basic target information, were more likely to locate the target than participants with lower cue utilization. The practical and theoretical implications of the outcomes are discussed.

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PEER FEEDBACK OVER TIME

Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA) ◽

10.24908/pceea.v0i0.10158 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Julia N. Smith ◽

Thomas A. O’Neill

Keyword(s):

Engineering Education ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Skill Development ◽

Peer Feedback ◽

Critical Component ◽

Soft Skill ◽

Teamwork Skills ◽

User Friendly ◽

Over Time

Abstract –Given the ubiquity of teamwork in engineering education and industry1, developing teamwork skills in undergraduate students is a critical component of their training. This is supported by the inclusion of ‘individual and teamwork’ as a graduate attribute by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board2. The current work explores the development of teamwork skills through the use of multiple administrations of peer feedback, in order to explore the value of using several administrations and support past findings that have suggested increased administrations provide incremental improvements. Additionally, the paper discusses the use of an empirically validated and user-friendly tool used to deliver the peer feedback assessments. The results suggest that students find the tool easy to use and that they believed the feedback they received and gave was accurate and useful. Together, these results suggest that peer feedback, delivered using the ITPMetrics.com platform, is an effective and well-received method of fostering soft-skill development in engineering students.

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Information-seeking behaviour of undergraduate students: A developing country perspective

IFLA Journal ◽

10.1177/0340035219842312 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 140-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmadul Islam Howlader ◽

Md Anwarul Islam

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Information Seeking ◽

Response Rate ◽

Information Resources ◽

Library Services ◽

Related Information ◽

Information Seeking Behaviour ◽

Library Resources ◽

Information Skills

The purpose of this study is to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of the undergraduate students at Dhaka University, Bangladesh. Questionnaires were distributed to the students and data were collected over a period of 60 days between November and December 2017. Of the 450 questionnaires distributed, 339 were returned where the response rate was 75.33%. It was found that most undergraduates needed academic and job-related information. To meet those needs, they often went to the library to study and to prepare for competitive job exams. For doing academic work, they were heavily dependent on the class lectures and they were only slightly satisfied with the library services they get. This study brought out the findings that undergraduates’ information skills were poor and they were not aware of the library resources. The outcome of this research would help to develop information resources and services for the undergraduates in developing countries.

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High Costs, Low Resources, and Missing Information: Explaining Student Borrowing in the For-Profit Sector

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/0002716217696255 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 671 (1) ◽

pp. 92-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephanie Riegg Cellini ◽

Rajeev Darolia

Keyword(s):

Postsecondary Education ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

College Attendance ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Substantial Portion ◽

Missing Information ◽

College Costs ◽

For Profit ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Over Time

This article examines the borrowing behavior of students enrolled in for-profit colleges, asking how and why their borrowing differs relative to students pursuing postsecondary education in other sectors. We employ statistical decompositions to understand the extent to which variation in borrowing across sectors can be attributed to observed characteristics of students and of higher education institutions. Drawing on nationally representative data on undergraduate students, we show that college costs of attendance are the primary observed driver of the large differences in borrowing between students in for-profit institutions and those in other sectors. However, a substantial portion of borrowing differences remains unexplained by these high costs, low student financial resources, and variation in college attendance patterns. Further, there is little evidence that changes in these characteristics can explain the rise in student borrowing in the for-profit sector over time. We discuss how these findings present challenges to regulation of the for-profit sector, and the extent to which policymaking can encourage prudent borrowing and college choice decisions.

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