scholarly journals The Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes effect and math skills: why related?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Cipora ◽  
Yunfeng He ◽  
Hans-Christoph Nuerk
Keyword(s):  
Number Processing ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Snarc Effect ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Elementary Number ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence from multiple studies conducted in the past few decades converges on the conclusion that numerical properties can be associated with specific directions in space. Such Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs), as a signature of elementary number processing, seem to be a likely correlate of math skills. Nevertheless, almost three decades of research on the Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, the hallmark of SNAs, has not provided conclusive results on whether there is a relation with math skills. Here, going beyond reviewing the existing literature on the topic, we try to answer a more fundamental question about WHY the SNARC effect should (and should not) be related to math skills. We propose a multi-route model framework for a SNARC-math skills relationship. We conclude that the relationship is not straightforward and that several other factors should be considered, which under certain circumstances or in certain groups, can cause effects of opposite directions. The model can account for conflicting results, and thus may be helpful for deriving predictions in future studies.

scholarly journals Gray matter correlates of impulsivity in psychopathy and in the general population differ by kind, not by degree: a comparison of systematic reviews

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cole Korponay ◽  
Michael Koenigs
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A fundamental question in neuropsychiatry is whether a neurobiological continuum accompanies the behavioral continuum between subclinical and clinical traits. Impulsivity is a trait that varies in the general population and manifests severely in disorders like psychopathy. Is the neural profile of severe impulsivity in psychopathy an extreme but continuous manifestation of that associated with impulsivity in the general population (different by degree)? Or is it discontinuous and unique (different by kind)? Here, we compare systematic reviews of the relationship between impulsivity and gray matter in psychopathy and in the general population. The findings suggest that the neural profile associated with extreme impulsivity in psychopathy (increased gray matter in rostral and ventral striatum and prefrontal cortexes) is distinct from that associated with impulsivity in the general population (decreased gray matter in rostral and ventral prefrontal cortexes). Severe impulsivity in psychopathy may therefore arise from a pathophysiological mechanism that is unique to the disorder. These findings prompt the need for future studies to directly test the effect of group on the impulsivity–gray matter relationship in samples comprised of healthy individuals and individuals with psychopathy. The results caution against the use of community samples to examine impulsive psychopathic traits in relation to neurobiology.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Simeon Zahl
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

This introduction presents the relationship between theological ideas and Christian experience as a fundamental question for contemporary theology. It identifies a number of reasons why theology needs to turn its attention once more to “experience,” including the relevance of the topic to wider questions about the intellectual and spiritual plausibility of Christianity in late modernity, recent misunderstandings of the theological legacy of the Protestant Reformation through inattention to questions of experience, and the need to make theological sense of the global success of Pentecostal Christianity over the past century. The introduction concludes with an overview of the book as whole.

scholarly journals Microplastics in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Scientometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8739
Author(s):  
Donghui He ◽  
Keith Bristow ◽  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Jialong Lv ◽  
Hailong He
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Environment

Microplastics, as an emerging contaminant, have been shown to threaten the sustainability of ecosystems, and there is also concern about human exposure, as microplastic particles tend to bioaccumulate and biomagnify through the food chain. While microplastics in marine environments have been extensively studied, research on microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems is just starting to gain momentum. In this paper, we used scientometric analysis to understand the current status of microplastic research in terrestrial systems. The global scientific literature on microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems, based on data from the Web of Science between 1986 and 2020, was explored with the VOSviewer scientometric software. Co-occurrence visualization maps and citation analysis were used to identify the relationship among keywords, authors, organizations, countries, and journals focusing on the issues of terrestrial microplastics. The results show that research on microplastics in terrestrial systems just started in the past few years but is increasing rapidly. Science of the Total Environment ranks first among the journals publishing papers on terrestrial microplastics. In addition, we also highlighted the desire to establish standards/protocols for extracting and quantifying microplastics in soils. Future studies are recommended to fill the knowledge gaps on the abundance, distribution, ecological and economic effects, and toxicity of microplastics.

scholarly journals A gifted SNARC? Directional spatial-numerical associations in gifted children with high level math skills do not differ from controls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng He ◽  
Hans-Christoph Nuerk ◽  
Alexander Derksen ◽  
Jiannong Shi ◽  
Xinlin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snarc Effect ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Math Difficulties ◽  
High Skill ◽  
Very High

The SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect (i.e., a tendency to associate small / large magnitude numbers with the left / right hand side), is prevalent across the whole lifespan. Because the ability to relate numbers to space has been viewed as a cornerstone in the development of mathematical skills, the relationship between the SNARC effect and math skill has been frequently examined. The results remain largely inconsistent. Studies testing groups of people with very low or very high skill levels in math sometimes found relationships between SNARC and math skill. So far, however, studies testing such extreme math skill level groups were mostly investigating the SNARC effect in individuals revealing math difficulties. Groups with above average math skills remain understudied, especially in regard to children. Here, we investigate the SNARC effect in gifted children, as compared to normally developing children (overall n = 165). Frequentist and Bayesian analysis suggested that the groups did not differ from each other in the SNARC effect. These results are the first to provide evidence for the SNARC effect in a relatively large sample of gifted (and mathematically highly skilled) children. In sum, our study provides another piece of evidence for no direct link between the SNARC effect and mathematical ability in childhood.

scholarly journals Meaning and structural dynamics in poetry: a computational perspective

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Gomez-Marin
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Correlation ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

This work addresses Sri Aurobindo’s mantric poem, Savitri, with a computational linguistics approach. This is one of the longest poems ever written in English. We build the connectivity matrix between all main word pairs and analyse its structure. Concepts emerge as directions that better explain the variance of the data in the hyperspace of words. When projected to the low dimensional space of concepts, the vector of attention as the reader moves through the text shows a large correlation across sections of the poem, thus acting the future and the past over again. These findings suggest that the mathematical structure of Savitri is and reflects a substrate for the author’s main ideas, facilitating the reader’s understanding of the poem’s meaning via its long-range dynamical correlations. Acknowledging an irreducible essence to poetry, future studies on the relationship between words and sounds, and sounds and ideas may provide invaluable hints of the origin of language and its intimate relationship with the evolution of human consciousness.

Poor Acceptance of the Past is Related to Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Gozde Cetinkol ◽  
Gulbahar Bastug ◽  
E. Tugba Ozel Kizil
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Ego Integrity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Total Death ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Depression in older adults can be explained by Erikson’s theory on the conflict of ego integrity versus hopelessness. The study investigated the relationship between past acceptance, hopelessness, death anxiety, and depressive symptoms in 100 older (≥50 years) adults. The total Beck Hopelessness (BHS), Geriatric Depression (GDS), and Accepting the Past (ACPAST) subscale scores of the depressed group were higher, while the total Death Anxiety (DAS) and Reminiscing the Past (REM) subscale scores of both groups were similar. A regression analysis revealed that the BHS, DAS, and ACPAST predicted the GDS. Past acceptance seems to be important for ego integrity in older adults.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

Policy Making Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina TERREY ◽  
Sabine JUNGINGER
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Support Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Professional Impact

The relationship that exists between design, policies and governance is quite complex and presents academic researchers continuously with new opportunities to engage and explore aspects relevant to design management. Over the past years, we have witnessed how the earlier focus on developing policies for design has shifted to an interest in understanding the ways in which design contributes to policy-making and policy implementation. Research into policies for design has produced insights into how policy-making decisions can advance professional impact and opportunities for designers and the creative industries. This research looked into how design researchers and design practitioners themselves can benefit from specific policies that support design activities and create the space for emerging design processes.

Diversification propaganda work with foreign audiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4(13)) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past decade, bilateral relations between China and Russia have attracted the attention of the whole world. As neighbors and rapidly developing countries, China and Russia are becoming increasingly important in the international arena. The strategic partnership and interaction between China and Russia occupy a significant place in the politics of both countries. Cooperation is developing dynamically in various fields, primarily in politics. After 2012, a change of government took place in China and Russia, which brought new changes to international relations. Studying the involvement of the media in this process can clarify their impact on international relations, in particular, their role in the relationship between China and Russia.

О вопросах фольклоризма в письменной литературе

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Суусар Искендерова
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Аннотация: Исследование проблемы фольклоризма является наиболее актуальной в современной науке о фольклоре. На разных этапах развития художественной литературы для формирования индивидуального творчества писателя особенно значимым становятся фольклорные жанры, сюжетные мотивы и художественные средства. В статье рассматривается связь письменной литературы и фольклора, особенно точка зрения проблеме фольклоризма в прошлом и их анализ. Термин «фольклоризм» начал использоваться советскими исследователями учеными как научный термин еще в 1930-х гг. Термин «фольклоризм» используется в различных сферах культуры, а в этой статье мы будем рассматривать в литературе. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении многих лет этот вопрос изучается литературоведами, фольклористами, все -таки нет единого теоретического определения понятия. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклоризм, литература, культура, письменная литература, художественная литература, оседлый народ, пословицы и поговорки, фольклорные песни. Аннотация: Көркөм адабияттын өнүгүүсүнүн ар кайсы баскычтарында сүрөткердин жеке чыгармачылыгынын калыптанышы үчүн фольклордук жанрлар, сюжеттер, мотивдер жана көркөм каражаттар айрыкча мааниге ээ. Макалада жазма адабият менен фольклордук карым-катышы, айрыкча фольклоризм маселеси жөнүндө мурдагы көз караштарга кайрылып, аларга талдоо жүргүзүү менен бирге автор өз байкоолорунда келтирет. “Фольклоризм” деген илимий термин 1930-жылы баштап колдонула баштаган. “Фольклоризм” термини маданияттын түрдүү сфераларында кеңири колдо- нулат, бул жерде адабияттагы колдонулушун каралат. Макалада адабий материал менен фольклордук байланышын терең түшүнүү үчүн адабий фольклоризм маселесинин талаштуу жактары каралат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фольклор, фольклоризм, адабият, маданият, жазма адабият, көркөм адабият, көчмөн калк, макал-лакап, фольклордук ырлар. Annotation: The study of the problem of folklore is the most relevant in the modern science of folklore. At various stages in the development of fiction, folklore genres, plot motifs, and artistic means become especially significant for the formation of the writer's individual creativity. The article examines the relationship between written literature and folklore, especially the point of view of the problem of folklorism in the past and their analysis. The term "folklorism" began to be used by Soviet scholars as a scientific term back in the 1930s. The term "folklorism" is used in various fields of culture, and in this article we will consider in the literature. Despite the fact that for many years this issue has been studied by literary scholars, folklorists, all the same there is no single theoretical definition of the concept. Keywords: folklore, folklorism, literature, culture, written literature, fiction, settled people, proverbs and sayings, folk songs.

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