scholarly journals Exploring negative affect dynamics in high resolution: within-person relationship of inertia and instability with depression is mediated by affect intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Rónai ◽  
Bertalan Polner
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Affect Intensity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Affective Functioning ◽  
Affect Dynamics

Background: Temporal patterns of affective functioning such as emotional inertia and instability may indicate changes in emotion regulation that predict depression. However, affect dynamics’ incremental validity over affect intensity and exposure to stressors in predicting depression has been questioned.Methods: We collected longitudinal data regarding momentary affective states (measured multiple times a day), perceived stressors and depressive symptoms (measured every three days) from a general population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in Hungary. The final dataset included 7165 affective states surveys from 125 participants, which were aggregated in 464 three-day measurement windows. Using multilevel models, we explored the unique effects of within-person changes in mean level, inertia, and instability of negative affective states (NA), and stressor-exposure on two domains of depression (anhedonia and negative mood and thoughts) within the three-day windows.Results: Within-person increases in NA inertia and NA instability showed significant positive associations with negative mood and thoughts. These effects did not remain significant after adjusting for mean levels of NA. Multilevel mediation analysis revealed that within individuals, NA inertia and instability indirectly predicted negative mood and thoughts through elevated NA mean.Limitations: The application of self-report questionnaires might bias the results, and the overrepresentation of female participants could limit the generalizability of the findings.Conclusions: Specific patterns of temporal affective functioning are indirect predictors of depressive symptoms at the within-individual level. Our findings may facilitate automated depression risk assessment on the basis of simple affective time series.

Light Therapy for QoL/Depression in AYA With Cancer: A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla N LaRosa ◽  
Erin MacArthur ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Haitao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Functioning ◽  
Bright White Light

Abstract Objective Secondary outcomes from a published feasibility and acceptability trial were examined to explore the effect of bright white light (BWL) on quality of life (QoL) and depressive symptoms compared to dim red light (DRL) control in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving cancer-directed therapy. Methods Fifty-one AYAs (12–22 years, 51% male) newly diagnosed with cancer were randomized to receive 8 weeks of BWL (n = 26) or DRL (n = 25). The CDI-2 (total score, negative mood/physical symptoms, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, and negative self-esteem) and parent- and self-report PedsQL (total score and subscales of physical, emotional, social, and school QoL) were completed at multiple timepoints. Results BWL produced improvements in self-reported total depression (d = −.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.26, −0.01), negative self-esteem (d = −.80; 95% CI = −1.43, −.14), negative mood/physical symptoms (d = −.73; 95% CI = −1.36, −0.08), ineffectiveness (d = −.43; 95% CI = −1.04, .19), total self-reported QoL (d = .41; 95% CI = −.16, .96), emotional (d = .78; 95% CI = .19, 1.37), school functioning (d = .48; 95% CI = −.09, 1.04), and parent-reported school functioning (d = .66; 95% CI = 0.02, 1.33). BWL reported a greater rate of improvement than DRL for total depression (β = .49, p < .05) and self-esteem (β = .44, p < .05), and parent-reported school functioning (β = −1.68, p < .05). Conclusions BWL improved QoL and depressive symptoms for AYAs with cancer. These findings will inform larger randomized controlled trials.

Evidence that three dimensions of psychosis have a distribution in the general population

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. STEFANIS ◽  
M. HANSSEN ◽  
N. K. SMIRNIS ◽  
D. A. AVRAMOPOULOS ◽  
I. K. EVDOKIMIDIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
General Population ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Three Factor

Background. The aims of the study were: first to examine, using clinical symptoms of patients as a template, whether the correlated but independent dimensions of positive, negative and depressive symptoms that have been identified in clinical psychosis, also have a distribution as non-clinical experiences in the general population; and second, to establish to what degree population variation in experience of positive and negative features of psychosis is actually independent of experience of depression.Method. In a representative population sample of 932 young men, we measured experiences of positive, negative and depressive features of psychosis, using a 40-item self-report instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit of hypothesized one-, two- and three-factor solutions.Results. A three-factor model of separate depressive, positive and negative dimensions provided a better fit to the data than either a two-factor or unidimensional model. All three dimensions were correlated with each other, but also showed good discriminant validity in relation to established scales, confirming their relative independence.Conclusion. The data suggest that the correlated dimensions of clinical psychosis also have a distribution in the general population, and that depressive symptoms may form an integral part of psychosis-like experiences in the general population.

scholarly journals Assessing Changes in Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety During Four Weeks of Cannabis Abstinence Among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Cooke ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Erin Lamberth ◽  
Natali Rychik ◽  
Brenden Tervo-Clemmens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Symptom

Background: Cannabis use is prevalent among adolescents, and many report using in attempts to alleviate negative mood and anxiety. Abstinence from substances such as alcohol and tobacco has been reported to improve symptoms of anxiety and depression. Few studies have examined the effect of cannabis abstinence on symptoms of anxiety and depression.Objective: To test the effect of 4 weeks of continuous cannabis abstinence on depressive and anxious symptoms.Methods: Healthy, non-treatment seeking adolescents who used cannabis at least weekly (n = 179) were randomized to either 4 weeks of cannabis abstinence achieved through a contingency management paradigm (CB-Abst) or cannabis use monitoring without an abstinence requirement (CB-Mon). Abstinence was assessed by self-report verified with quantitative assay of urine for cannabinoids. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed weekly with the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ).Results: Symptoms of depression and anxiety decreased throughout the study for all participants (MASQ-AA: stnd beta = −0.08, p = 0.01, MASQ-GDA: stnd beta = −0.11, p = 0.003, MASQ-GDD: stnd beta = −0.08, p = 0.02) and did not differ significantly between randomization groups (p's > 0.46). Exploratory analyses revealed a trend that abstinence may be associated with greater improvement in symptoms of anxiety and depression among those using cannabis to cope with negative affect and those with potentially hazardous levels of cannabis use.Conclusions: Among adolescents who use cannabis at least weekly, 4 weeks of cannabis abstinence was not associated with a significant change in anxiety or depressive symptoms compared to continued use. For recreational cannabis users who may be concerned about reducing their use for fear of increased symptoms of anxiety and depression, findings suggest that significant symptom worsening may not occur within the first 4 weeks of abstinence. Further studies are needed in clinical populations where anxiety and depression symptoms are measured more frequently and for a longer period of abstinence. Future studies are also needed to determine whether there are subgroups of adolescents who are uniquely impacted by sustained cannabis abstinence.

Biopsychological Markers of Distress in Informal Caregivers

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lindsey Davis ◽  
Michael Weaver ◽  
Edward Zamrini ◽  
Alan Stevens ◽  
Duck-Hee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pencil And Paper

Background. Thirty caregiving wives participated in a study of caregiving distress and negative mood (depressive symptoms) by making diary entries on stressful caregiving situations and collecting saliva samples 4 times a day. At the end of the 7-day study period, caregivers’ salivary cortisol production was compared with their diary entries and correlated with pencil and paper self-report scores of caregiver distress and depressive symptoms.Findings. Despite the inability to control a number of factors thought to confound cortisol production (exercise, smoking, alcohol ingestion, and prescription medications), there was a statistically significant difference between No Caregiving and Caregiving cortisol, F( 1,739) = 7.67, P = 0.006, with cortisol production higher when caregiving events occurred. However, efforts to code specific types of caregiving situations (e.g., 1 = indirect care; 4 = AD problem behavior care) did not further differentiate cortisol production. Although caregivers’ self-reports for the same 7-day period indicated they were depressed, pencil-and-paper measures of distress and negative affect were not significantly correlated with cortisol production.Conclusions and Recommendations. The finding that this caregiving group was significantly stressed by caregiving, as evidenced by increased cortisol production during caregiving episodes, verifies the importance of further exploration of specific caregiving situations as contributory factors in caregiver health and well-being. In that saliva is a relatively economical and comparatively noninvasive biological data source for community-based stress studies, methodological limitations of the study are identified and 5 recommendations are made for future biological marker studies of caregiver distress in community-based settings.

scholarly journals Effects of emotion perception training on mood in undergraduate students: randomised controlled trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Penton-Voak ◽  
Helen Bate ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Perception Training

SummaryWe investigated the effects of emotion perception training on depressive symptoms and mood in young adults reporting high levels of depressive symptoms (trial registration: ISRCTN02532638). Participants were randomised to an intervention procedure designed to increase the perception of happiness over sadness in ambiguous facial expressions or a control procedure, and completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms and mood. Those in the intervention condition had lower depressive symptoms and negative mood at 2-week follow-up, but there was no statistical evidence for a difference. There was some evidence for increased positive mood. Modification of emotional perception may lead to an increase in positive affect.

The Impact of Psychosocial Factors on Self-Reported Reading Difficulties in a Large Representative Population Sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A.M. Undheim ◽  
A.M. Sund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Representative

Aims:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships in early adolescence between self-reported reading difficulties (RD) and psychosocial and socio-demographic factors in a large representative population sample of 2464 adolescents (50.8% girls) with a mean age of 13.7 (SD: range: ) in Norway.Methods:Sub-sample: Students with self-reported RD; 7.5% (N = 191) of the total sample, 7% girls (N= 88) and 8.5% boys (N =103).Standardized self-report measures of depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV symptom criteria, (The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire), and on self esteem (The Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents) and attachment (The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) were used.Results:Adolescents with RD were compared to classmates. In univariate analyses RD adolescents demonstrated higher levels of depressive symptoms, more school stress, had lower school grades and lower attachment to parents. They also scored lower on Global Self-worth and on Social Acceptance scales. Further, they reported reduced levels of psycho-functioning during the previous year because of mental health problems. They also had received more help and had used more medication for such problems.In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiving help for mental health problems and reduced psycho-functioning showed the strongest association with student RD status (OR=2.32 and OR=1.75, respectively). No gender differences were found.Conclusion:The study demonstrated important differences between adolescents with and without RD. Adolescents with RD might be more at risk for mental health problems than others.

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Depression on Momentary Pain-Affect Associations in Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
Emily Behrens ◽  
Kyrsten Hill ◽  
Dylan Smith ◽  
Jason DeCaro ◽  
Brian Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Affect ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Previous research has found a reciprocal relationship between pain and depression, in which each influences the severity of the other (Chou, 2007; Hawker et al., 2011, Kroenke et al., 2011; Schieir et al., 2009). Studies have found that depressed individuals exhibit stronger pain-mood associations than never-depressed individuals (Conner et al., 2006; Tennen et al., 2006). The current study investigated main and interactive effects of depressive symptoms on the momentary associations between pain and mood. Experience sampling (ESM) data was used from a multi-site study examining individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Participants completed self-report measures of global depression and momentary pain, negative affect (NA), and positive affect (PA). Cross-sectional associations among momentary pain and affect were examined in a series of hierarchical multilevel models that nested the 28 ESM calls (Level 1) within participants (Level 2). A parallel set of multilevel models tested lagged associations among momentary variables. Depression significantly moderated the contemporaneous (p < .001) and lagged (p < .003) associations between pain and NA, suggesting that depression intensifies the momentary pain-NA linkage. There were no significant interaction effects for PA. These findings extend existing knowledge by illustrating how depressive symptoms influence the everyday experience of OA pain and its impact on affective well-being. (Supported by AG041655, P. Parmelee and D. Smith, Co-PIs)

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

An Alternative to Self-Reports of Trait and State Affect

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Quirin ◽  
Regina C. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
State Affect ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Automatic Activation

Self-report measures for the assessment of trait or state affect are typically biased by social desirability or self-delusion. The present work provides an overview of research using a recently developed measure of automatic activation of cognitive representation of affective experiences, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT). In the IPANAT, participants judge the extent to which nonsense words from an alleged artificial language express a number of affective states or traits. The test demonstrates appropriate factorial validity and reliabilities. We review findings that support criterion validity and, additionally, present novel variants of this procedure for the assessment of the discrete emotions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear.

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