Biopsychological Markers of Distress in Informal Caregivers

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lindsey Davis ◽  
Michael Weaver ◽  
Edward Zamrini ◽  
Alan Stevens ◽  
Duck-Hee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pencil And Paper

Background. Thirty caregiving wives participated in a study of caregiving distress and negative mood (depressive symptoms) by making diary entries on stressful caregiving situations and collecting saliva samples 4 times a day. At the end of the 7-day study period, caregivers’ salivary cortisol production was compared with their diary entries and correlated with pencil and paper self-report scores of caregiver distress and depressive symptoms.Findings. Despite the inability to control a number of factors thought to confound cortisol production (exercise, smoking, alcohol ingestion, and prescription medications), there was a statistically significant difference between No Caregiving and Caregiving cortisol, F( 1,739) = 7.67, P = 0.006, with cortisol production higher when caregiving events occurred. However, efforts to code specific types of caregiving situations (e.g., 1 = indirect care; 4 = AD problem behavior care) did not further differentiate cortisol production. Although caregivers’ self-reports for the same 7-day period indicated they were depressed, pencil-and-paper measures of distress and negative affect were not significantly correlated with cortisol production.Conclusions and Recommendations. The finding that this caregiving group was significantly stressed by caregiving, as evidenced by increased cortisol production during caregiving episodes, verifies the importance of further exploration of specific caregiving situations as contributory factors in caregiver health and well-being. In that saliva is a relatively economical and comparatively noninvasive biological data source for community-based stress studies, methodological limitations of the study are identified and 5 recommendations are made for future biological marker studies of caregiver distress in community-based settings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pre-Quarantine Physical Activity on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7771
Author(s):  
Abdulazeem S. Alotaibi ◽  
Boukhemis Boukelia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Difference

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the changes to normal societal function and in particular quarantine has increased mental distress in many nations. A survey of 22,112 COVID-19-negative quarantined participants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (age: 18–40 years, 42.6%; 40–60 years, 53.3%; over 60 years, 4.1%; mass, 78.9 ± 14.8 kg; stature, 167 ± 8.7 cm) were assessed for depressive symptoms using the online Beck Depression Inventory self-report questionnaire. The relationship between pre-quarantine physical activity and mental health and wellbeing during lockdown has been investigated. A significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between active and inactive participants (p = 0.03) was observed; with females also recording a 3% higher BMI than males. All participants showed a decrease in mental health compared to pre-quarantine. However, pre-quarantine inactivity was found to result in a greater negative impact on mental health and well-being than those active pre-quarantine (p < 0.01). The sedentary population had a 4-fold greater incidence of mild-depression than the active population. This suggests that activity level plays an important role in shielding people from anxiety and stress, whilst it builds mental strength in individuals that can be called upon in trying and difficult situations. Nevertheless, pre-quarantine activity levels did not lead to any significant change in levels of extreme depression in the sample population.

scholarly journals Using the Life Story Book With Mentally Alert Residents of Nursing Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 487-487
Author(s):  
Theresa Chrisman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Depression and lack of meaning in life (MIL) are common among residents of nursing homes (NHs) and contribute to a reduction in overall health and well-being. Life Story Book (LSB), a reminiscence intervention, is designed to provide a person with the opportunity to review their past and capture their life stories and photographs into a book. LSB has demonstrated positive outcomes for residents of NHs with dementia, yet little is known for residents without dementia. A switching replication design was used to examine the effects of LSB among 21 mentally alert residents from two NHs (NH-A and NH-B) in Houston, Texas. Participants in NH-A received three weeks of the LSB intervention, while NH-B received three weeks of care-as-usual; the intervention was then switched. The GDS-12R and the MIL questionnaire (MLQ) were used to measure depressive symptoms and MIL respectively. Participants from NH-A (n =11) and NH-B (n = 10) had a mean age of 75 years (SD =11.34); 81% female; 52% non-Hispanic white and 33% African American. Results from a one-way MANCOVA found no statistically significant difference on the GDS-12R and MLQ (F(3, 14) = 2.50, p = .102; Wilks’ Lambda = .652; η2 = .35). Further analyses comparing the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores for the entire sample (N =21) found a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (M = 2.67; SD = 2.52) and (M =1.67, SD = 2.29); (t (20) = 2.21, p = 0.039). The potential benefits of LSB for mentally alert residents of NHs warrants further research.

Light Therapy for QoL/Depression in AYA With Cancer: A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla N LaRosa ◽  
Erin MacArthur ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Haitao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Functioning ◽  
Bright White Light

Abstract Objective Secondary outcomes from a published feasibility and acceptability trial were examined to explore the effect of bright white light (BWL) on quality of life (QoL) and depressive symptoms compared to dim red light (DRL) control in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving cancer-directed therapy. Methods Fifty-one AYAs (12–22 years, 51% male) newly diagnosed with cancer were randomized to receive 8 weeks of BWL (n = 26) or DRL (n = 25). The CDI-2 (total score, negative mood/physical symptoms, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, and negative self-esteem) and parent- and self-report PedsQL (total score and subscales of physical, emotional, social, and school QoL) were completed at multiple timepoints. Results BWL produced improvements in self-reported total depression (d = −.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.26, −0.01), negative self-esteem (d = −.80; 95% CI = −1.43, −.14), negative mood/physical symptoms (d = −.73; 95% CI = −1.36, −0.08), ineffectiveness (d = −.43; 95% CI = −1.04, .19), total self-reported QoL (d = .41; 95% CI = −.16, .96), emotional (d = .78; 95% CI = .19, 1.37), school functioning (d = .48; 95% CI = −.09, 1.04), and parent-reported school functioning (d = .66; 95% CI = 0.02, 1.33). BWL reported a greater rate of improvement than DRL for total depression (β = .49, p &lt; .05) and self-esteem (β = .44, p &lt; .05), and parent-reported school functioning (β = −1.68, p &lt; .05). Conclusions BWL improved QoL and depressive symptoms for AYAs with cancer. These findings will inform larger randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals The Relation between Stress of Clinical Practice and Burnout among Nursing Students: The Mediation Effect of Spiritual Well-being

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
Do Young Lee ◽  
Jin Kyoung Park ◽  
Mi Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Practice Methods

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the clinical practice of nursing students and to identify the mediating effects of spiritual well-being in the relation between stress of clinical practice and burnout caused by clinical practice. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires targeting 420 nursing students in three nursing colleges located in Gyeonggi and Chungnam province. Results: Burnout of clinical practice according to general characteristics of the study subjects showed significant difference in religion (t=1.895, p=.049). Stress of clinical practice and burnout of clinical practice showed positive correlation (r=.42, p<.001), existential spiritual well-being showed negative correlation between stress of clinical practice (r=-.17, p<.001) and burnout of clinical practice (r=-.47, p<.001). In addition, religious spiritual well-being in spiritual well-being showed no mediating effects and existential spiritual well-being showed mediating effects between burnout in clinical practice stress. Conclusion: In order to alleviate the stress of clinical practice for burnout of clinical practice prevention of nursing students, solutions to improve the existential spiritual well-being will be required in the future.

scholarly journals Exploring negative affect dynamics in high resolution: within-person relationship of inertia and instability with depression is mediated by affect intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Rónai ◽  
Bertalan Polner
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Affect Intensity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Affective Functioning ◽  
Affect Dynamics

Background: Temporal patterns of affective functioning such as emotional inertia and instability may indicate changes in emotion regulation that predict depression. However, affect dynamics’ incremental validity over affect intensity and exposure to stressors in predicting depression has been questioned.Methods: We collected longitudinal data regarding momentary affective states (measured multiple times a day), perceived stressors and depressive symptoms (measured every three days) from a general population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in Hungary. The final dataset included 7165 affective states surveys from 125 participants, which were aggregated in 464 three-day measurement windows. Using multilevel models, we explored the unique effects of within-person changes in mean level, inertia, and instability of negative affective states (NA), and stressor-exposure on two domains of depression (anhedonia and negative mood and thoughts) within the three-day windows.Results: Within-person increases in NA inertia and NA instability showed significant positive associations with negative mood and thoughts. These effects did not remain significant after adjusting for mean levels of NA. Multilevel mediation analysis revealed that within individuals, NA inertia and instability indirectly predicted negative mood and thoughts through elevated NA mean.Limitations: The application of self-report questionnaires might bias the results, and the overrepresentation of female participants could limit the generalizability of the findings.Conclusions: Specific patterns of temporal affective functioning are indirect predictors of depressive symptoms at the within-individual level. Our findings may facilitate automated depression risk assessment on the basis of simple affective time series.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy and clinically associated features in a single tertiary center

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariacarolina Vacca ◽  
Mariana Fernandes ◽  
Matteo Spanetta ◽  
Fabio Placidi ◽  
Francesca Izzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

AbstractAlthough depressive symptoms are the most common psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy, they remain underestimated and untreated in a large proportion of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate depression severity and related clinical features in people with epilepsy using a well-reliable self-report index of mood, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). One-hundred seventeen adult patients with epilepsy were recruited from a tertiary epilepsy center and completed the BDI-II. A single-item analysis of the 21 questions of the BDI-II was computed and differences between women and men in each depressive symptom were evaluated. Correlation and regression analyses were used to identify clinical features associated with the severity of depression. Results showed gender differences in some items, with women reporting overall higher depression severity than men. The most common symptoms regarded domains of sleeping patterns, tiredness, and loss of energy. Regression evidence suggested that being female, having an epilepsy duration < 10 years, as well as being treated with psychotropic drugs and reporting generalized seizure, were associated with higher depression severity. Despite its cross-sectional nature, this study reinforces the importance of investigating and possibly treating depressive symptoms in adult patients with epilepsy, since they negatively impact well-being, daytime activities, and sleep. Further studies identifying pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for depression in epilepsy need to be planned.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Health, and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Kristine Klussman ◽  
Julia Langer ◽  
Austin Lee Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract. Background: Most people are comfortable asserting the beneficial effects of physical exercise on mental health and well-being. However, little research has examined how different types of physical activity affect these outcomes. Aims: The current study sought to provide a comprehensive understanding of the differential relationships between different types of physical activity and various aspects of health and well-being. In addition, we sought to understand the role of self-connection in these relationships. Method: One hundred forty-three participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure their current weekly activity as well as their current health and well-being. Specifically, we examined three intensities of activity (walking, moderate, and vigorous) and three types of activity (team-based, community-based, and not team nor community-based) on self-reported health, anxiety, depression, affect, flourishing, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and meaning in life. In addition, we examined self-connection as a possible moderator of these relationships. Results: Results suggested that physical activity was inconsistently related to health and well-being, and activity intensity and type were important to understanding these relationships. In contrast, self-connection reliably related to health and well-being and moderated the relationship between activity type and the presence of meaning. Limitations: The cross-sectional, self-report nature of the study limits its contribution. In addition, we only examined a subset of all physical activities that people engage in. Conclusion: In all, results suggest that the relationships between physical activity, mental health, and well-being are tenuous, at best. Future research needs to examine these relationships further and continue to examine self-connection to determine how to best increase health and well-being through physical activity.

Family Rejection as a Predictor of Negative Health Outcomes in White and Latino Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Caitlin Ryan ◽  
David Huebner ◽  
Rafael M. Diaz ◽  
Jorge Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Pencil And Paper ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE We examined specific family rejecting reactions to sexual orientation and gender expression during adolescence as predictors of current health problems in a sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. METHODS On the basis of previously collected in-depth interviews, we developed quantitative scales to assess retrospectively in young adults the frequency of parental and caregiver reactions to a lesbian, gay, or bisexual sexual orientation during adolescence. Our survey instrument also included measures of 9 negative health indicators, including mental health, substance abuse, and sexual risk. The survey was administered to a sample of 224 white and Latino self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults, aged 21 to 25, recruited through diverse venues and organizations. Participants completed self-report questionnaires by using either computer-assisted or pencil-and-paper surveys. RESULTS Higher rates of family rejection were significantly associated with poorer health outcomes. On the basis of odds ratios, lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults who reported higher levels of family rejection during adolescence were 8.4 times more likely to report having attempted suicide, 5.9 times more likely to report high levels of depression, 3.4 times more likely to use illegal drugs, and 3.4 times more likely to report having engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse compared with peers from families that reported no or low levels of family rejection. Latino men reported the highest number of negative family reactions to their sexual orientation in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a clear link between specific parental and caregiver rejecting behaviors and negative health problems in young lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Providers who serve this population should assess and help educate families about the impact of rejecting behaviors. Counseling families, providing anticipatory guidance, and referring families for counseling and support can help make a critical difference in helping decrease risk and increasing well-being for lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth.

scholarly journals 1089 Water Intake Moderates the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Depressive Symptoms: The Latino Health and Well-Being Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A414-A415
Author(s):  
J Blanc ◽  
N Williams ◽  
G Jean-Louis ◽  
S Lemon ◽  
M Rosal
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Latino Adults ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Introduction This study examined the relationships between sleep quality and depressive symptoms, and whether this relationship is moderated by frequency of water intake in a sample of Latino adults. Methods Participants in this community-based study were 574 Latino adults from Lawrence, Massachusetts. Assessments included surveys and anthropological measures. Variables in this study included sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index- PSQI), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale -CES-D) and frequency of water intake in the previous three months (investigator-developed question). Covariates included demographics, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-PSS), and body mass index (BMI). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between sleep and depressive symptoms. Potential moderating effect of frequency of water intake was assessed using hierarchical, moderated, multiple regression analysis. Results The sample was 51.2% female, with a mean age of 46.6 years (SD=15.4) and mean BMI of 29.6 (SD=5.9); 31% of the sample had CES-D scores &gt; 22 (cut off for elevated depressive symptoms), the mean PSQI score was 13.11(SD=3.4) and 92% reported water intake two or more times daily. Sleep quality correlated positively with depression (r=.558; p=.000). After adjusting for covariates, sleep quality was strongly associated with depression (B = .417; SE=13; p =.000). The relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms was moderated by frequency of water intake (B= -.186, SE =1.107; p= 0.11). Conclusion This study is among the first to examine the association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among Latino adults, and to show that frequency of water intake may moderate this association in this population. Support This study was supported by funding from the NIH: R01 MH085653; 1U48DP006381; and T32HL129953.

scholarly journals Assessment of Implicit Self-Esteem in Older Adults: The Role of Actual and Ideal Self-Esteem in Negative Mood

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
Ineke Demeyer ◽  
Nuria Romero ◽  
Rudi De Raedt
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Age Appropriate

The interplay between actual and ideal self-esteem may be a key component in emotional disorders. Since automatic self-evaluations are not always consciously accessible, assessment through implicit measures is necessary. Given the lack of implicit self-esteem measures in late life, we aimed to identify a reliable measure and to clarify the role of actual and ideal self-esteem in mood and depressive symptoms in older adults. Forty-nine older adults completed two adapted Go/No go Association tasks measuring implicit actual and ideal self-esteem and measures of mood and depressive symptoms. The two Go/No go Association tasks showed satisfactory internal consistency. Moderation analyses revealed that lower actual self-esteem in older adults is related to higher levels of sad mood when ideal self-esteem is high. Moreover, lower actual self-esteem is related to more anxious mood. Given the role of self-esteem in emotional well-being, a reliable measure for older adults is crucial to improve age-appropriate diagnostics and treatment.

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