scholarly journals Plant Experience Questionnaire (Rioux & Wertz 2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
camille rioux ◽  
Annie E. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

A growing body of research investigating plant-related cognition and behaviors demonstrates that plants have shaped human minds and societies and that pursuing empirical research in this area can yield new insights into many aspects of human cognition and development, including food learning, danger avoidance, and cultural transmission. This research would greatly benefit from a validated measure that assesses experience with plants early in life. Here we present the validation of a new measure to assess such experience: The Plant Experience Questionnaire (PEQ), filling a major gap in the literature on plant-related cognition in infancy and early childhood. The PEQ was tested on a sample of 576 caregivers who completed the questionnaire about their child (age = 5-81 months). Factorial analysis revealed a four-dimensional structure of the questionnaire: (1) experience with indoor plants, (2) experience with outdoor plants, (3) eating from plants, and (4) parental prohibition from touching plants. The PEQ displayed good psychometric properties as shown with satisfactory internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity and is suitable for a broad age range from infancy to early childhood. Therefore, the PEQ is an efficient and valuable tool for assessing plant experience in early life via parental report.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Perceived Inter-Parental Conflict Scale for Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-514
Author(s):  
Nosheen Ramzan ◽  
Farah Malik ◽  
Iram Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Oblimin Rotation ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Parental Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Scale

The study aimed to develop a culturally relevant scale to assess the perceived inter-parental conflicts in adolescents by using a mixed-method approach. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 10 adolescents of age range 14-18 years were conducted along with 3 focus groups of parents and teachers that helped to generate a pool of 88 items. Construct validity and psychometric properties were determined on a sample of 500 adolescent with age range 14-18 years (M = 15.28, SD = 1.07). Principal axis factoring through direct oblimin rotation method postulated 60 items with six distinct factors (named as overt conflicts, familial conflicts, conflicts related emotional reactivity, financial conflicts, child related conflicts, and psychological conflicts) that accounted for 38% variance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for total scale was .94 and ranged from .63 to .92 for six emerged factors. The convergent and discriminant validity of the scale was also satisfactory. Perceived Inter-Parental Conflict Scale for Adolescents (PIPCSA) was a reliable and valid measure to assess perceived inter-parental conflicts in adolescents.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Assessment of Social Support Scale for Within Country Migrated Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan Abraruzzaman Khan ◽  
B. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychometric Assessment ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Composite Reliability

The objective of the present piece of work was to the development and psychometric assessment of social support scale for within country migrated students (SSS-WCMS). Following the incidental cum random sampling technique, 200 North Indian students within the age range of 18 to 24 years were drawn from different colleges of Warangal districts, Telangana, India. Dimensions of social support were decided on the basis of literature. Items were pooled out by unstructured interviews. Exploratory factor analysis (FEA) of 18-item pool yielded a 14-item measure with four independent dimensions viz. emotional support, informational support, companionship support and tangible support. The items communalities ranges are greater than .400. Overall variance explained by all these factors is 53.90%. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the explored all four factors from the EFA. The findings indicated that SSS-WCMS has sufficient convergent and discriminant validity. The composite reliability was more than .700 for each of the five factors. It is concluded that there is sufficient empirical and statistical evidence of composite reliability, construct, convergent, discriminant validities of SSS-WCMS.

scholarly journals When I don't Like Myself: Portuguese Version of the Internalized Shame Scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Matos ◽  
José Pinto-Gouveia ◽  
Cristiana Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

In the past two decades, there has been a growing theoretical and empirical interest on the role of shame, namely internal shame, on the conceptualization of human functioning and several interpersonal and emotional problems. The current study explores the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS), a self-report measure which assesses trait shame, composed by an Internal Shame subscale, measuring internalized shame, and a Self-Esteem subscale. The factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity for both subscales, are presented, in a sample of 385 college students. The Principal Components Analyses reveal that both Internal Shame and Self-Esteem subscales present a one-dimensional structure which explains, respectively, 48.54% and 57.7% of the variance. The subscales present high internal consistency, with high Cronbach'alphas (.95 and .85) and moderate to high item-total correlations. The two subscales present an excellent temporal stability. Convergent and discriminant validity of the subscales was corroborated through the moderate correlations with a measure of shame and of social comparison, and through the low and moderate correlations with the subscales depression, anxiety, and stress. The Portuguese version of the ISS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure internalized shame.

Learning to be Human: teaching, culture and human cognitive evolution

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Teaching Culture ◽  
Life Pattern ◽  
Contemporary Schooling

Psychology has taken an evolutionary turn of late. This paper acknowledges the importance of adopting an evolutionary perspective in attempting to understand human cognition and development, but it suggests that the model adopted by many evolutionary psychologists is incomplete. Learning, teaching and cultural transmission play vital roles in the distinctive human life pattern, but have received inadequate attention in the literature. Drawing upon primatological, anthropological and psychological data, this paper offers an articulation of 'cultural learning', which, it is claimed, is a peculiarly accurate and resilient form of social form, made possible by the uniquely human capacity for an intersubjective engagement with the mental and intentional lives of other people. The paper discusses the character and appearance of imitative, collaborative and instructed forms of learning within early childhood, and tentatively identifies implications for child development and contemporary schooling.

scholarly journals Assessing construct structural validity of epidemiological measurement tools: a seven-step roadmap

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Reichenheim ◽  
Yara Hahr M. Hökerberg ◽  
Claudia Leite Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Loading Patterns ◽  
Measurement Tools

Guidelines have been proposed for assessing the quality of clinical trials, observational studies and validation studies of diagnostic tests. More recently, the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) initiative extended those in regards to epidemiological measurement tools in general. Among various facets proposed for assessment is the validity of an instrument’s dimensional structure (or structural validity). The purpose of this article is to extend these guidelines. A seven-step roadmap is proposed to examine (1) the hypothesized dimensional structure; (2) strength of component indicators regarding loading patterns and measurement errors; (3) measurement error correlations; (4) factor-based convergent and discriminant validity of scales; (5) item discrimination and intensity vis-à-vis the latent trait spectrum; and (6) the properties of raw scores; and (7) factorial invariance. The paper also holds that the suggested steps still require debate and are open to refinements.

Assessing social relationships in adolescents and adults: Constructing and validating the Affective Relationships Scale

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Takahashi ◽  
Akira Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Female College ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Age Range

We propose an Affective Relationships Scale (ARS), specifically constructed to describe core and relatively stable social relationships among people of both genders and of a wide range of ages, from adolescents to adults. The ARS assesses the personal frameworks within which individuals organise their multiple social relationships, by assigning psychological functions to significant others. In Study 1, the ARS among 279 female college students was examined for its factorial validity, to confirm that it reflected normative trends of social relationships that had been documented by previous research(e.g. affective needs toward friends would be stronger than towards parents; “Giving nurture” would be sought more strongly than “Seeking proximity”); and to classify individual patterns of personal frameworks. Study 2 examined the ARS’s convergent and discriminant validity by correlating its scores with those of other psychological measures for 142 female college students. In Study 3, the examination of ARS among a total of 1399 participants of both genders from adolescence to middle-age showed its applicability to males and over a wide age range. Two salient characteristics of the ARS, the delineation of individual patterns of social relationships, and the applicability to different cultures, are discussed.

scholarly journals Construct Validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Freitas ◽  
Mário R. Simões ◽  
João Marôco ◽  
Lara Alves ◽  
Isabel Santana
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

AbstractThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief instrument developed for the screening of milder forms of cognitive impairment. The present study aims to assess the construct related validity of the MoCA through the establishment of the factorial, convergent, and discriminant related validities, and the reliability of data. In a Portuguese sample of 830 participants, several models were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Although all tested models showed a good fit, the six-factor model based on the conceptual model proposed by the MoCA's authors showed a significantly better fit. The results allowed us to establish the factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity of this six-dimensional structure. An overall psychometric adequacy of the items, and a good reliability were also found. This study contributes to overcome an important gap in the construct related validity of this instrument. The present findings corroborate the six-dimensional structure of the MoCA and provide good evidence of the construct related validity. The MoCA has proved to be an appropriate measure for cognitive screening taking into account different cognitive domains, which will enable clinicians and researchers to use this test and its six latent dimensions to achieve a better understanding of the individuals’ cognitive profile. (JINS, 2012, 18, 242–250)

scholarly journals Factor Structure, Convergent Validity, and Discriminant Validity of the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Health Battery (NIHTB-CHB) in Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Mungas ◽  
Robert Heaton ◽  
David Tulsky ◽  
Philip David Zelazo ◽  
Jerry Slotkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Standard Tests

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the construct validity of the NIH Neurobehavioral Toolbox Cognitive Health Battery (NIHTB-CHB) in adults. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the dimensional structure underlying the NIHTB-CHB and Gold Standard tests chosen to serve as concurrent validity criteria for the NIHTB-CHB. These results were used to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the NIHTB-CHB in adults ranging from 20 to 85 years of age. Five dimensions were found to explain the correlations among NIHTB-CHB and Gold Standard tests: Vocabulary, Reading, Episodic Memory, Working Memory and Executive Function/Processing Speed. NIHTB-CHB measures and their Gold Standard analogues defined factors in a pattern that broadly supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the NIHTB-CHB tests. This 5-factor structure was found to be invariant across 20–60 year old (N=159) and 65–85 year old (N=109) age groups that were included in the current validity study. Second order Crystallized Abilities (Vocabulary and Reading) and Fluid Abilities (Episodic Memory, Working Memory, Executive/Speed) factors parsimoniously explained correlations among the five first order factors. These results suggest that the NIHTB-CHB will provide both fine-grained and broad characterization of cognition across the adult age span. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)

What Does the Implicit Association Test Measure? A Test of the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Prejudice-Related IATs

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Explicit Prejudice ◽  
Turkish People

Abstract. Drawing on recent criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the present study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of two prejudice-related IATs to corresponding explicit prejudice measures in a German student sample (N = 61). Confirming convergent validity, (a) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to Turkish people was significantly related to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (b) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to East Asians was significantly related to explicit prejudice against East Asians. Moreover, confirming discriminant validity, (c) the Asian IAT was unrelated to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (d) the Turkish IAT was unrelated to explicit prejudice against Asian people. These results further corroborate the assumption that the IAT is a valid method to assess the strength of evaluative associations in the domain of prejudice and stereotypes.

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