Construct Validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

AbstractThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief instrument developed for the screening of milder forms of cognitive impairment. The present study aims to assess the construct related validity of the MoCA through the establishment of the factorial, convergent, and discriminant related validities, and the reliability of data. In a Portuguese sample of 830 participants, several models were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Although all tested models showed a good fit, the six-factor model based on the conceptual model proposed by the MoCA's authors showed a significantly better fit. The results allowed us to establish the factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity of this six-dimensional structure. An overall psychometric adequacy of the items, and a good reliability were also found. This study contributes to overcome an important gap in the construct related validity of this instrument. The present findings corroborate the six-dimensional structure of the MoCA and provide good evidence of the construct related validity. The MoCA has proved to be an appropriate measure for cognitive screening taking into account different cognitive domains, which will enable clinicians and researchers to use this test and its six latent dimensions to achieve a better understanding of the individuals’ cognitive profile. (JINS, 2012, 18, 242–250)

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Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Validation Study for Vascular Dementia

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s135561771200077x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 1031-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Sandra Freitas ◽

Mário R. Simões ◽

Lara Alves ◽

Margarida Vicente ◽

Isabel Santana

Keyword(s):

Vascular Dementia ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Short Version ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

Homogeneous Sample ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Full Version ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief instrument developed for the screening of milder forms of cognitive impairment, having surpassed the well-known limitations of the MMSE. The aim of the present study was to validate the MoCA as well as its short version, which was proposed by the NINDS-CSN VCI Harmonization Standards for screening Vascular Dementia (VaD) patients. The results, based on a homogeneous sample of 34 VaD patients, indicate that the MoCA is a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument for cognitive screening in VaD patients, showing excellent discriminant validity. Both the full and short versions of the MoCA had excellent diagnostic accuracy in discriminating VaD patients, exhibiting an area under curve (AUC) higher than the MMSE [AUC(MoCA full version) = .950; 95% IC = .868–.988; AUC(MoCA short version) = .936; 95% IC = .849–.981; AUC(MMSE) = .860; 95% IC = .754–.932]. With a cutoff below 17 on the MoCA full version and 8 on the short version, the results for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and classification accuracy were superior compared to the MMSE. In conclusion, both versions of the MoCA are valid, reliable, sensitive and accurate screening instruments for VaD patients. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)

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Limitations for Interpreting Failure on Individual Subtests of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/0891988712473802 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Parastoo Moafmashhadi ◽

Lisa Koski

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Word Recall ◽

Factor Scores ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

Individual Factor ◽

Cognitive Domains

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is sensitive to mild forms of cognitive impairment in geriatric populations and asks questions under the subheadings visuospatial/executive, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation. This study examined the extent to which these subsets of MoCA items evaluate their intended cognitive domains. Methods: Clinical data from 185 geriatric memory clinic outpatients who underwent cognitive screening and subsequent neuropsychological assessment were analyzed. Factor analysis of their neuropsychological test scores identified 5 cognitive domains memory, language, visuospatial ability, attention/processing speed, and cognitive control. Scores on MoCA subtests were examined for their correlations with individual factor scores and for their sensitivity and specificity in predicting impairment within each domain. Results: The MoCA subtest scores correlated significantly but modestly with neuropsychological test factor scores in their corresponding domains, for example, the correlation between 5-word recall and the memory factor was 0.46. However, subtest scores were poor predictors of impaired performance on the tests contributing to each cognitive domain. The best predictive accuracy was seen for the visuospatial/executive subtest that showed fair accuracy at predicting impairment on tests in the visuospatial domain. Other subtests showed unacceptably poor levels of accuracy when predicting impaired scores in their respective domains (60%-67%). Conclusions: In a sample of geriatric outpatients referred for cognitive assessment, performance on individual items and subtests of the MoCA yields insufficient information to draw conclusions about impairment in specific cognitive domains as determined by neuropsychological testing.

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An Initial Investigation of the Use of Comparative Referents to Assess Social Anxiety

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000349 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 367-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura D. Seligman ◽

Erin F. Swedish ◽

Jason P. Rose ◽

Jessica M. Baker

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Injunctive Norms ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Excellent Internal Consistency ◽

Social Quality Of Life ◽

Comparison Measures

Abstract. The current study examined the validity of two self-report measures of social anxiety constructed using social comparative referent points. It was hypothesized that these comparison measures would be both reliable and valid. Results indicated that two different comparative versions – one invoking injunctive norms and another invoking descriptive norms – showed good reliability, excellent internal consistency, and acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The comparative measures also predicted positive functioning, some aspects of social quality of life, and social anxiety as measured by an independent self-report. These findings suggest that adding a comparative reference point to instructions on social anxiety measures may aid in the assessment of social anxiety.

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Evaluation of a Telephone Version for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Establishing a Cutoff for Normative Data From a Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/08919887211002640 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089198872110026

Author(s):

Sivan Klil-Drori ◽

Natalie Phillips ◽

Alita Fernandez ◽

Shelley Solomon ◽

Adi J. Klil-Drori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

State Examination ◽

Normal Cognition

Objective: Compare a telephone version and full version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective study. A 20-point telephone version of MoCA (Tele-MoCA) was compared to the Full-MoCA and Mini Mental State Examination. Results: Total of 140 participants enrolled. Mean scores for language were significantly lower with Tele-MoCA than with Full-MoCA (P = .003). Mean Tele-MoCA scores were significantly higher for participants with over 12 years of education (P < .001). Cutoff score of 17 for the Tele-MoCA yielded good specificity (82.2%) and negative predictive value (84.4%), while sensitivity was low (18.2%). Conclusions: Remote screening of cognition with a 20-point Tele-MoCA is as specific for defining normal cognition as the Full-MoCA. This study shows that telephone evaluation is adequate for virtual cognitive screening. Our sample did not allow accurate assessment of sensitivity for Tele-MoCA in detecting MCI or dementia. Further studies with representative populations are needed to establish sensitivity.

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Development and Validation of the Faceted Inventory of the Five-Factor Model (FI-FFM)

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191117711022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 17-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

David Watson ◽

Ericka Nus ◽

Kevin D. Wu

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Validity Data ◽

Neo Personality Inventory ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Three Samples ◽

Five Phases

The Faceted Inventory of the Five-Factor Model (FI-FFM) is a comprehensive hierarchical measure of personality. The FI-FFM was created across five phases of scale development. It includes five facets apiece for neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness; four facets within agreeableness; and three facets for openness. We present reliability and validity data obtained from three samples. The FI-FFM scales are internally consistent and highly stable over 2 weeks (retest rs ranged from .64 to .82, median r = .77). They show strong convergent and discriminant validity vis-à-vis the NEO, the Big Five Inventory, and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Moreover, self-ratings on the scales show moderate to strong agreement with corresponding ratings made by informants ( rs ranged from .26 to .66, median r = .42). Finally, in joint analyses with the NEO Personality Inventory–3, the FI-FFM neuroticism facet scales display significant incremental validity in predicting indicators of internalizing psychopathology.

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Validating a Pragmatic Approach to Cognitive Screening in Stroke Prevention Clinics Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.115.011036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 807-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Richard H. Swartz ◽

Megan L. Cayley ◽

Krista L. Lanctôt ◽

Brian J. Murray ◽

Eric E. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Stroke Prevention ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Cognitive Screening ◽

Pragmatic Approach

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Psychometric properties of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version in a community sample of Spanish children and adolescents

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.32.3.232201 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Marina Iniesta-Sepúlveda ◽

Ana I. Rosa-Alcázar ◽

Beatriz Ruiz-García ◽

Jose A. López-Pina

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Good Test ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The aim of the current study was to analyze psychometric properties of the Short LOI-CV in Spanish community sample. Participants were 914 children and adolescents with mean age of 13.01 years (51.3% males). An EFA yielded a three-factor model representing Obsessions, Compulsions, and Cleanliness dimensions. Both, total score and subscales showed an adequate internal consistency. The Spanish version also exhibited good test-retest reliability and moderate convergent and discriminant validity. The younger participants (from 8 to 10 years) obtained higher means for total score and subscales than older participants (groups 11-13 and 14-18 years). Significant differences related to gender were also observed since males obtained higher means in Compulsions subscale. Despite more research is required, the Spanish version of the Short LOI-CV exhibited promising psychometric results to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in community population.

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Investigation of the Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale Psychometric Properties with a Sample of Greek Students

International Journal of Educational Psychology ◽

10.17583/ijep.2021.6032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Konstantinos Lavidas ◽

Dionysios Manesis ◽

Vasilios Gialamas

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Factor Model ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Statistics Anxiety ◽

Education Students ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The purpose of this study was to adapt the Statistics Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS) for a Greek student population. The STARS was administered to 890 Tertiary Education students in two Greek universities. It was performed a cross-validation study to examine the factorial structure and the psychometric properties with a series of confirmatory factor analyses. Results revealed a correlated six first-order factor model which provided the best fit to the data compared to a six-factor model with one superordinate factor. All six factors of the Greek version of the STARS presented convergent and discriminant validity and were internally consistent. Implications and limitations are discussed.

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The Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress–Second Edition (DAPS-2): Initial Psychometric Evaluation in an MTurk-Recruited, Trauma-Exposed Community Sample

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191119880963 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 1116-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica M. Petri ◽

Frank W. Weathers ◽

Tracy K. Witte ◽

Madison W. Silverstein

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Detailed Assessment

The Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress (DAPS; Briere, 2001) is a comprehensive questionnaire that assesses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria as well as peritraumatic responses and associated problems such as dissociation, suicidality, and substance abuse. DAPS scores have demonstrated excellent reliability, validity, and clinical utility, performing as well or better than leading PTSD questionnaires. The present study was an initial psychometric evaluation of the unreleased DAPS (DAPS-2), revised for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition ( DSM-5), in an MTurk-recruited mixed trauma sample ( N = 367). DAPS-2 PTSD scale and associated features scales demonstrated high internal consistency and strong convergent and discriminant validity. In confirmatory factor analyses, the DSM-5 four-factor model of PTSD provided adequate fit, but the leading seven-factor model provided superior fit. These results indicate the DAPS-2 is a psychometrically sound measure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms.

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