Individual Psychological Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Different Clusters and Their Relation to Risk-Reducing Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Stadler ◽  
Christoph Niepel ◽  
Elouise Botes ◽  
Jan Dörendahl ◽  
Florian Krieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
American Adult ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Reasonable Behavior ◽  
Risk Reducing

Understanding individual difference in psychological responses toward the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) crisis is essential to the adequate handling of the current pandemic. Based on a sample of 1,182 American adult residents (stratified for age and gender; data collection March 13 to 15, 2020), we found three distinct clusters of psychological responses (i.e., informed, panic, and ignorant). Clusters differed regarding their knowledge about the virus, SARS-CoV-2-related anxiety (i.e., worry and emotionality), and evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 crisis’s severity. Cluster membership was strongly associated with both SARS-CoV-2 risk-reducing, reasonable behavior and unreasonable behavior. Finally, clusters could be linked to systematic differences in broader personality dimensions (i.e., Dark Triad and Big Five). Our study provides and validates a set of clusters of individual psychological responses to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the resulting behavior. It functions as a pivotal starting point for longitudinal observations on the effectiveness of public health communications in this global challenge.

Perceptions of Personality in Computer Agents: Effects of Culture and Gender

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-720
Author(s):  
Sasanka Prabhala ◽  
Jennie J. Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trait Model ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Computer Agents

Developing computer agents with personalities may be one way to enhance human-machine collaboration. To create computer agents with personalities it is essential to identify the actions, language, and/or behaviors that people indicate signify the personalities they perceive. Additionally it is possible that culture and gender may play a role in how computer personalities are perceived. This research investigated how culture and gender affect the perception of computer personalities within a computer game. Participants were asked to rate the computer characters in a blackjack game based on the Big Five Factor personality trait model and to describe the actions, language, and/or behaviors that gave them their impressions. The results show that participants did perceive personality in the computer characters and were able to describe actions, languages and behaviors leading to their perceptions. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences based on culture and gender differences. This research provides a starting point for development of computer agents with personalities incorporating personality theory into model development.

scholarly journals The Dark Side of Human Values: How Values are Related to Bright and Dark Personality Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho ◽  
Paul H. P. Hanel ◽  
Renan Pereira Monteiro ◽  
Roosevelt Vilar ◽  
Valdiney V. Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
And Gender

Abstract In the present research, we replicate and extend previous findings on the relations between human values and bright\dark traits of personality, using the functional theory of human values (Gouveia, 2013). Specifically, we assessed which dark traits are associated with human values and whether the dark traits explained variance in values beyond the bright traits (Big Five). While prior research has investigated the relations between the three sets of constructs mainly in Western countries, we tested whether the findings hold in Brazil (N = 819). Although values are defined as positive constructs, several value subfunctions were positively correlated with the dark traits (e.g., excitement values with narcissism), while other relations were negative. Controlling for participants' age and gender, hierarchical regressions further revealed that dark traits explain variance in values beyond bright traits, although overall bright traits were more strongly associated with values than dark traits. Together, our findings replicate previous research. Implications for our understanding of the Dark Triad and cross-cultural research are discussed.

Criss-Cross: Identity and Transformation in Re-reading Billy Elliot

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-551
Author(s):  
Jacqui Miller
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

Billy Elliot (2000) has been widely recognised as an important British film of the post-Thatcher period. It has been analysed using multiple disciplinary methodologies, but almost always from the theoretical frameworks of class and gender/sexuality. The film has sometimes been used not so much as a focus of analysis itself but as a conduit for exploring issues such as class deprivation or neo-liberal politics and economics. Such studies tend to use the film's perceived shortcomings as a starting point to critique society's wider failings to interrogate constructions of gender and sexuality. This article argues that an examination of the identity formation of some of the film's subsidiary characters shows how fluidity and transformation are key to the film's opening up of a jouissance which is enabled by but goes beyond its central character.

Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

scholarly journals All the Dark Triad and some of the Big Five traits are visible in the face

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 110350
Author(s):  
Sinan Alper ◽  
Fatih Bayrak ◽  
Onurcan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
The Face

“Toxic Masculinity” in the age of #MeToo: ritual, morality and gender archetypes across cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Paul Louis Veissière
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Moral Panics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Archetypes ◽  
Cultural Shifts

Purpose This paper aims to take the “toxic masculinity” (TM) trope as a starting point to examine recent cultural shifts in common assumptions about gender, morality and relations between the sexes. TM is a transculturally widespread archetype or moral trope about the kind of man one should not be. Design/methodology/approach The author revisits his earlier fieldwork on transnational sexualities against a broader analysis of the historical, ethnographic and evolutionary record. The author describes the broad cross-cultural recurrence of similar ideal types of men and women (good and bad) and the rituals through which they are culturally encouraged and avoided. Findings The author argues that the TM trope is normatively useful if and only if it is presented alongside a nuanced spectrum of other gender archetypes (positive and negative) and discussed in the context of human universality and evolved complementariness between the sexes. Social implications The author concludes by discussing stoic virtue models for the initiation of boys and argues that they are compatible with the normative commitments of inclusive societies that recognize gender fluidity along the biological sex spectrum. Originality/value The author makes a case for the importance of strong gender roles and the rites and rituals through which they are cultivated as an antidote to current moral panics about oppression and victimhood.

scholarly journals Predicting career success: is the dark side of personality worth considering?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Paleczek ◽  
Sabine Bergner ◽  
Robert Rybnicek
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Predicting Success ◽  
Competitive Behaviour

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify whether the dark side of personality adds information beyond the bright side when predicting career success. Design/methodology/approach In total, 287 participants (150♀, Mage=37.74 and SDage=10.38) completed questionnaires on the Dark Triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy) and the Big Five (emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness). They also provided information on their objective (salary and leadership position) and subjective (job satisfaction and satisfaction with income) career success. Regression analyses were used to estimate the Dark Triad’s incremental predictive value. Findings The results show that the Dark Triad only provides incremental information beyond the Big Five when predicting salary (ΔR2=0.02*) and leadership position (ΔR2=0.04*). In contrast, the Dark Triad does not explain unique variance when predicting job satisfaction or satisfaction with income. Research limitations/implications The exclusive use of self-rated success criteria may increase the risk of same-source biases. Thus, future studies should include ratings derived from multiple perspectives. Practical implications Considering the Dark Triad in employee selection and development seems particularly promising in the context of competitive behaviour. Social implications The results are discussed in light of the socioanalytic theory. This may help to better understand behaviour in organisational contexts. Originality/value This study is the first that simultaneously investigates all three traits of the Dark Triad and the Big Five in combination with objective and subjective career success. In addition, it extends previous findings by answering the question of whether the Dark Triad offers incremental or redundant information to the Big Five when predicting success.

scholarly journals Synthetic Advances against Coronaviruses: A Short Review of the Recent Literature on Newly Synthetized Derivatives and Recently Developed Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Weiam Hussein ◽  
Fawaz Alheibshy ◽  
Farhan Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Second World

The coronavirus pandemic is a modern social emergency and the biggest global challenge since the Second World War. Since the pandemic began in China at the end of 2019, the disease spread to every landmass except Antarctica. The effect of antiviral drugs on the new corona virus has been tested, but no basic and complete cure has been found, although there are many drugs such as  interleukin-6 inhibitor,  monoclonal antibody and corticosteroid which remarkably reduced mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients in a major clinical trial. Although not enough experimental data has been released yet, many researchers have hailed the result as a step in the right direction. In this review, a series of the newly chemical derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against human coronavirus. Many derivatives found to be active in inhibiting the cellular infection of human coronavirus which causes the SARS-CoV-2pandemic. This mini- review summarizes the synthesis of these new antiviral derivatives that target coronaviruses and describes general current strategies and models for developing antiviral drugs. The review aims to provide a starting point for medicinal chemists to synthesize necessary and effective drugs against coronaviruses.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and their outcomes: how personality, place, and sex of people play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Brito-Costa ◽  
Peter K Jonason ◽  
Michele Tosi ◽  
Rui Antunes ◽  
Sofia Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Abstract Background There is considerable variation in people’s attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to understand why people differ in their attitudes is to examine how personality traits predict the degree to which people hold different attitudes. Methods We collected data (N = 1420) from Portugal and Spain using Facebook advertising. We measured the Dark Triad and Big Five traits, and negative affect, along with ad hoc items for religiousness, and attitudes towards and fear of COVID. Results Neuroticism and Negative affect was linked to various domains of insecurity or fear and provides insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Religious people were less trusting in science, thought prayer was answer, and attributed the existence of the virus to an act of God. Women reported more fear of COVID-19 than men did, and this was enabled by women’s greater tendency to have Negative Affect and higher Neuroticism than men. Conclusions Neurotic people and those with more Negative Affect appear to be more fearful, more trusting in others and systems likely to protect them (e.g., scientists), and less likely to trust in systems shown to not help them (e.g., prayer). We found other effects for the Dark Triad traits and the Big Five traits. In total, we highlight some of the reasons that people may be in such disagreements about what to do about the virus at the individual and institutional levels. Personality, place, and participant’s sex all appear to play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs.

scholarly journals “The 1990s Wasn’t Just a Time of Bandits; We Feminists Were Also Making Mischief!”

Aspasia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Julie Hemment ◽  
Valentina Uspenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Young Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twentieth Anniversary ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
East West

In this forum, we reflect on the genesis and history of the Tver’ Center for Women’s History and Gender Studies—its inspiration and the qualities that have enabled it to flourish and survive the political changes of the last twenty years, as well as the unique project of women educating women it represents. Inspired by historical feminist forebears, it remains a hub of intergenerational connection, inspiring young women via exposure to lost histories of women’s struggle for emancipation during the prerevolutionary and socialist periods, as well as the recent postsocialist past. Using an ethnographic account of the center’s twentieth anniversary conference as a starting point, we discuss some of its most salient and distinguishing features, as well as the unique educational project it represents and undertakes: the center’s origins in exchange and mutual feminist enlightenment; its historical orientation (women educating [wo]men in emancipation history); and its commitment to the postsocialist feminist “East-West” exchange.

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