scholarly journals Stress, anxiety and socioemotional functioning during Covid-19 in children, adults and parent-child dyads: behavioral evidence and neural premarkers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Borbás ◽  
Lynn V. Fehlbaum ◽  
Plamina Dimanova ◽  
Alessia Negri ◽  
Janani Arudchelvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Socioemotional Functioning ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mental Well Being

We describe data on an extensively characterized group of children and adults (N=69, 41♀, age range=7-51y, including 26 children and mothers) with a total of ~2’500 tests conducted prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate significant effects of Covid-19-related restrictions on mental well-being and psychosocial functioning in children and adults, with changes associated with duration or easing of restrictions. Well-being in mother-child dyads was strongly correlated. For children, time spent outside and friends met were a significant predictor of mood. Additionally, neural correlates of mentalizing in prefrontal regions, assessed prior to Covid-19, preceded later development of fear of illnesses and viruses for all participants, while, among mothers, temporoparietal activation preceded higher perceived burden of care during restrictions.

scholarly journals Mental Well-Being During Covid-19 in Adults, Mothers, and Children: Behavioral Evidence and Neural Pre-Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Borbás ◽  
Lynn Valérie Fehlbaum ◽  
Plamina Dimanova ◽  
Alessia Negri ◽  
Janani Arudchelvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Covid-19 and associated restrictions greatly impact our physical and mental well-being, with particular challenges for children and families. We describe data from adults and children (N = 69, 41♀, age range = 7-51y, including 26 children and mothers), including pre-pandemic brain function and ~ 2’500 tests acquired during the early pandemic. We investigated (1) variability in child and adult well-being, (2) mother-child associations of mental well-being during the first months of the pandemic, and (3) the association between pre-pandemic neural brain correlates during mentalizing and later fears or subjective burden. Significant variation in mental health was observed in both, adults (e.g., anxiety, depression, or caregiver burden) and children (mood and emotional and behavioral problems). Mothers’ subjective burden of care was associated with children’s emotional and behavioral problems, while depression levels in mothers impacted children’s mood. Furthermore, friends met was a significant predictor of children’s mood during restrictions. Pre-pandemic neural correlates of mentalizing in prefrontal regions preceded later development of fear of illnesses and viruses in all participants, while temporoparietal activation preceded higher subjective burden in mothers. This study demonstrates a significant effect on, and variations in, mental well-being in adults and children during the early phase of Covid-19, emphasizes dyadic effects and possible neural precursors.

scholarly journals Hubungan Stres dan Kesejahteraan (Well-being) dengan Moderasi Kebersyukuran

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Erlis Manita ◽  
Marty Mawarpury ◽  
Maya Khairani ◽  
Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to determine the correlation of stress and well-being with gratitude moderation in early adults in Aceh. The method of this research was carried out using a quantitative approach. This study involved 349 early adults (264 female, 85 male) with age range of 20-40 years (M = 22.20) selected through the nonprobability sampling method with incidental sampling techniques. Individual’s stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, well-being was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and gratitude was measured using the Skala Bersyukur Indonesia. Data were analyzed using moderated regression analysis to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that stress had a significant negative relationship to well-being (β1 = -0.788; p < 0.05), then gratitude was able to moderate the relationship of stress and well-being (β3 = 3.257; p < 0.05). This study showed that there was a correlation between stress and well-being with gratitude moderation. It meant that grateful people focus on things that are grateful for every day, so that the impact on low stress levels and can improve individual well-being.

scholarly journals N30 Experience of living with intestinal failure: a systematic review of qualitative studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S671-S671
Author(s):  
W Czuber-Dochan ◽  
Q Liu ◽  
D Roberts ◽  
P Smith ◽  
C Norton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Intestinal failure (IF) affects about 2000 people with Crohn’s disease (CD) in the UK. It is a result of the most severe phenotype of CD where an individual can no longer obtain sufficient nutrients from their gut to sustain life without supplementation in the form of parenteral nutrition (PN) or fluids intravenously and most have a stoma. Many cannot tolerate any food and very little drink by mouth. Such individuals usually need a permanent central venous catheter and must have an infusion of PN overnight, all or most nights in the week, often for 10–12 h at the time. Complications such as infection or thrombosis of the central line are a constant risk. This treatment must often continue for life. This systematic review aimed to explore the experience of people living with IF and the impact of the condition on their daily lives. Methods The following databases were searched in July 2019: MEDLINE, PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Global Health Scopus. Search terms included ‘intestinal failure’, ‘short bowel syndrome’, ‘quality of life’ (QoL) and terms relating to psychosocial functioning. English language articles were retrieved and screened by one reviewer at title and abstract, ratified by a second reviewer. The resulting articles selected at abstract were screened at full text by 3 reviewers. Results Eight papers, based on 7 studies, were included with a total of 97 participants: 36 male, 61 female. The age range of adults was 28–83. One study was conducted in children, with age range of 7–17. In 5 studies, all participants were on HPN. In 2 studies, 4/6 and 7/10 participants were on HPN respectively. There was one overarching theme: ‘Complications and challenges of living with IF’, with three specific themes that reflect the patients’ experience: (1) ‘Eating for survival’ encompasses the perpetual need to eat in order to make up for the large quantities of nutrients lost due to malabsorption (2) ‘Life with HPN: nutritional safety net at a price’ describes relief from the pressure to eat for survival but with drawbacks such as restrictions on social activities and risk of catheter line infections. (3) ‘Benefits and pitfalls of having a stoma’ relates to benefits of having a stoma, such as reduced frequency of toilet visits, and the accompanying inconvenience of leaks, high output and negative body image. Conclusion Living with IF has many challenges. Patients struggle with retaining enough nutrients and the physical and technical difficulties with having HPN and/or a stoma. The psychosocial well-being in these patients is affected by these challenges, as a result. Overall, QoL is poor and currently very little is being done to improve this.

scholarly journals Experienced Burden of and Adherence to Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment in Persons with Affective Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire R. van Genugten ◽  
Josien Schuurmans ◽  
Femke Lamers ◽  
Harriëtte Riese ◽  
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Momentary Assessment

(1) Background: The use of smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questionnaires in affective disorder research has rapidly increased. Though, a thorough understanding of experienced burden of and adherence to EMA is crucial in determining the usefulness of EMA. (2) Methods: Persons with current affective disorders (n = 100), remitted persons (n = 190), and healthy controls (n = 94) participated in a smartphone-based EMA two-week monitoring period. Our primary outcomes were (momentary) perceived burden of and adherence to EMA. (3) Results: In the whole sample, lower positive and higher negative affect were associated with slightly higher levels of perceived momentary burden (B = −0.23 [95%CI = −0.27–0.19], B = 0.30 [95%CI = 0.24–0.37], respectively). The persons with current affective disorders reported slightly higher levels of experienced momentary burden (Mdn = 1.98 [IQR = 1.28–2.57]), than the remitted persons (Mdn = 1.64 [IQR = 1.11–2.24]) and healthy controls (Mdn = 1.28 [IQR = 1.04–1.92]). Nevertheless, the persons with current affective disorders still showed very high adherence rates (Mdn = 94.3% [IQR = 87.9–97.1]), at rates on a par with the remitted persons (Mdn = 94.3% [IQR = 90.0–97.1]) and healthy controls (Mdn = 94.3% [IQR = 90.0–98.6]). (4) Discussion: Frequent momentary questionnaires of mental well-being are slightly more burdensome to the persons with current affective disorders, but this does not seem to have a negative impact on adherence. Their high rate of adherence to EMA—which was similar to that in remitted persons and healthy controls —suggests that it is feasible to apply (short-duration) EMA.

scholarly journals First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199179
Author(s):  
Ben Sessa ◽  
Laurie Higbed ◽  
Steve O’Brien ◽  
Claire Durant ◽  
Chloe Sakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Alcohol Detoxification ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) therapy has qualities that make it potentially well suited for patients with addictions, but this has never been explored in a research study. We present data from the Bristol Imperial MDMA in Alcoholism (BIMA) study. This is the first MDMA addiction study, an open-label safety and tolerability proof-of-concept study investigating the potential role for MDMA therapy in treating patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Aims: This study aimed to assess if MDMA-assisted psychotherapy can be delivered safely and can be tolerated by patients with AUD post detoxification. Outcomes regarding drinking behaviour, quality of life and psychosocial functioning were evaluated. Methods: Fourteen patients with AUD completed a community alcohol detoxification and received an eight-week course of recovery-based therapy. Participants received two sessions with MDMA (187.5 mg each session). Psychological support was provided before, during and after each session. Safety and tolerability were assessed alongside psychological and physiological outcome measures. Alcohol use behaviour, mental well-being and functioning data were collected for nine months after alcohol detoxification. Results: MDMA treatment was well tolerated by all participants. No unexpected adverse events were observed. Psychosocial functioning improved across the cohort. Regarding alcohol use, at nine months post detox, the average units of alcohol consumption by participants was 18.7 units per week compared to 130.6 units per week before the detox. This compares favourably to a previous observational study (the ‘Outcomes’ study) by the same team with a similar population of people with AUD. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for the safety and tolerability of a novel intervention for AUD post detox. Further trials to examine better the therapeutic potential of this approach are now indicated.

scholarly journals Students’ Identity and Mental Well-Being Among Muslims and Christians in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-278
Author(s):  
Sadia Shaukat ◽  
Nadia Ayub ◽  
Amina Hanif Tarar
Keyword(s):  
Christian Schools ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mental Well Being

The identity, belongingness to the larger society as well as mental well-being of minorities in Pakistan may have suffered as a result of recent social and political attacks on Christians. The present study was aimed at finding and comparing various aspects of identity (i.e., personal, social, relational, and collective) and mental well-being among adolescents from the majority (Muslims) and minority (Christian) religious groups of Lahore district in Pakistan. The study hypothesized that adolescents of religious minorities would have a lower level of sense of aspects of identity than their dominant counterparts. The sample comprised of 414 male and female students (Muslim = 225, Christian =189) with an age range from 13 to 18years, drawn from two Muslim and two Christian schools. Data was collected using the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (Cheek & Briggs, 2013), and Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (Tennant et al., 2007). Results indicated a significant difference in the level of awareness of aspects of identity as well as well-being between majority and minority adolescents. Furthermore, within the majority group, there was also a significant gender difference in social identity and mental well-being with Muslim boys scoring higher than Muslim girls on these variables. Implications of the study are discussed.

Exploring Death Anxiety among Elderly People: A Literature Review and Empirical Investigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Missler ◽  
Margaret Stroebe ◽  
Lilian Geurtsen ◽  
Mirjam Mastenbroek ◽  
Sara Chmoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Older Men And Women

Given the growing number of elderly persons in society and concerns about their health and well-being, the aim was to review the available literature on their death anxiety, and to explore features of this experience among a small sample of older men and women in care facilities. In both the review and empirical parts of this study, components and correlates of death anxiety were investigated. The review revealed limited research focus on death anxiety among the elderly, particularly among those in institutions, but suggested both components and correlates for inclusion in our empirical study. Results showed that, among our elderly participants in an assisted living facility (N = 49; age range: 60–96 years), there were higher levels of fear for others and of the dying process than for fear of the unknown. Notably, among the correlates identified, fear for significant others was associated with poor physical health; fear of the dying process was related to low self-esteem, little purpose in life, and poor mental well-being. Gender differences in death anxiety were found: women showed greater fear for the death of loved ones and for the consequences of their own death on these loved ones, than did men. These patterns are discussed in the light of concerns about the welfare of elderly persons; scientific implications are also considered.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Mental Well-Being In Relation To Employment and Marital Status among Females in Haryana Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Kumari ◽  
Parmila Devi ◽  
Jyoti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Better Than

Marriage is a bag full of personal and social responsibilities for women in Indian context. Job is an accumulative burden on females because of highly gendered nature of domestic work in Indian families. Managing multiple roles may have an impact on the Mental Well Being of females. The present study compared the Mental Well being of working married to non working married and working unmarried to non working unmarried Indian females of age range 20-45 years using t-test as method of analysis. Previous studies provided evidence that change in job pattern may result in better Mental Health. Results of the present study also found that Mental Well Being of working females is better than non working in both married and unmarried conditions.

scholarly journals Dementia and family burden of care in Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Chaaya ◽  
Kieu Phung ◽  
Samir Atweh ◽  
Khalil El Asmar ◽  
Georges Karam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Family Carer ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mental Well Being

The burden on and mental well-being of family carers for the elderly, especially those with dementia, has been well studied in high-income countries and to a lesser extent in the Arab region. Our study of Lebanese carers highlights the importance of considering the psychological well-being of the family carer, and the role of dementia and depression in increasing the burden of care. Psychosocial interventions have produced equivocal results and therefore customised and contextualised interventions need to be researched. Greater understanding of the coping mechanisms used by carers is required and an examination of the positive aspects of caring is warranted.

Self-Esteem as a Potential Mediator of the Association Between Social Integration, Mental Well-Being, and Physical Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1175
Author(s):  
Susanne Schwager ◽  
Katharina Wick ◽  
Anni Glaeser ◽  
Désirée Schoenherr ◽  
Bernhard Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mental Well Being

Previous research points to a significant impact of social integration and self-esteem on well-being. The present study examined whether self-esteem constitutes one pathway from social integration in the classroom to mental and physical well-being of students and accordingly serves as a mediator. Therefore, 163 students (mean age: 12.98 years, age range: 9–17 years, 57.9% male) of three German secondary schools were examined regarding their experience of social integration, self-esteem, and mental as well as physical well-being. Results revealed that self-esteem mediated the effect of social integration on mental and physical well-being. This finding elucidates one pathway from social integration to well-being and points to the importance of improving both self-esteem and social integration for the promotion of well-being among adolescents.

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