scholarly journals The Role of Measurement Error in Replicability of Psychological Findings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Eric Markon
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship

The role of measurement error in replicability of psychological findings has become of increasing interest, with some researchers suggesting it is critical to replicability, and others arguing that it is likely secondary to other effects on generalizability of findings. This work examined the relationship between reliability, as reflected in internal consistency indices, and effect size in published many-labs projects (313 samples from 44 studies). Among multiple-item designs, at lower reliabilities effect size was near zero regardless of reliability; at greater reliabilities (above approximately 0.80), effect size appeared to increase with reliability for some effects but not others. However, among the broader set of studies, including single-item designs, number of items was not associated with greater effect size, and in fact decreased with measure length. Results point to the importance of measurement precision in replicability of psychological findings, but also to the importance of precision per se and not proxies such as measure length.

COMMUNITY HAPPINESS THE DISTINCT ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT SETTING RELATEDNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Siti Rasidah Md Sakip ◽  
Khalilah Hassan ◽  
Azran Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinct Role

This study argues that although scenic beauty, preference, and restoration are correlated due to their functional significance over evolution. A total of 86 respondents were randomly selected involving in this study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is used in the early stages to gather information about the interrelationships  among variables. The Cronbach’s Alpha (α) value was used to determine the level of reliability through the internal consistency for each factor.The objective of this paper is to determine the factors that influence on Happiest Selama Community. The output will be used to find the relationship between environmental setting and factors of quality of life among residents in Selama district.

Left-Digit Effect in Tourists’ Price Evaluations: The Moderating Role of Price Level and Composite Price

2020 ◽  
pp. 004728752095741
Author(s):  
Suiwen (Sharon) Zou ◽  
James F. Petrick
Keyword(s):  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Past research has found that the effect of odd-ending price (e.g., $9.99) can be explained by the left-digit effect whereby the leftmost digits of both prices influence the comparison of a pair of prices. However, research on psychological pricing has mostly focused on low-priced retailing products and the focal product’s price per se. Informed by prospect theory, this study extended this line of work by examining how the effect of left-digit pricing varies with the magnitude of hotel room rates (i.e., price level) and the size of prior investment in other travel components (i.e., composite price). The results of 2×2×2 experimental revealed that left-digit pricing was an effective tactic to increase purchase intentions for low-priced hotels. It was also found that tourists who have made a substantial prepayment on other travel components were responsive to the tactic. Additionally, composite price and left-digit pricing were found to moderate the relationship between perceived value and purchase intentions.

Estimating the Reliability of a Single-Item Measure

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Wanous ◽  
Arnon E. Reichers
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Participation In Decision Making

Single-item measures of employees' attitudes and beliefs are generally discouraged because their (internal consistency) reliability cannot be estimated. This results in the concern that reliability may be unacceptably low, particularly when compared to scales used to measure the same construct. A method for estimating the reliability of a single-item measure is demonstrated on original data that included both a single-item and a multiple-item measure of three constructs, namely, Over-all Job Satisfaction, Perceived Amount of Participation, and Desired Amount of Participation in decision-making. The average minimum estimated reliability for these single-item measures is .57; however, a realistic yet conservative estimate of their likely minimum reliability is at least .70.

scholarly journals Unconscious Visual Working Memory: a critical review and Bayesian meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Gambarota ◽  
Naotsugu Tsuchiya ◽  
Massimiliano Pastore ◽  
Nicola Di Polito ◽  
Paola Sessa
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between consciousness and working memory (WM) has been recently debated both at the theoretical and methodological levels (Persuh et al., 2018; Velichkovsky, 2017). While there is behavioral and neural evidence that argues for the existence of unconscious WM, several methodological concerns have been raised, rendering this issue highly controversial. To address the robustness of the previous findings, here we adopt a meta-analytic approach to estimate the effect size and heterogeneity of the previously reported unconscious WM results, also including unpublished results. We used meta-regression to isolate relevant experimental variables, in particular, consciousness manipulation and WM paradigm to identify the source of the heterogeneity in the reported effect size of the unconscious WM. Our meta-analysis supports the existence of the unconscious WM effect and critically reveals several experimental variables that contribute to relevant heterogeneity. Our analysis clarifies several theoretical and methodological issues. We recommend that future studies explicitly operationalize the definition of consciousness, standardize the methodology and systematically explore the role of critical variables for the unconscious WM effect.

scholarly journals Conceptions of Happiness Mediate the Relationship Between the Dark Triad and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Joshanloo
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adult Sample ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the associations between the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and mental well-being in a Korean adult sample (N = 1,177). The role of the conceptions of happiness as mediators of these associations was also investigated. Eight conceptions of happiness (e.g., fragility of happiness and eudaimonism), 3 dimensions of hedonic well-being (e.g., life satisfaction), and 2 dimensions of eudaimonic well-being (e.g., psychological well-being) were included in the study. The results showed that Machiavellianism and psychopathy were negatively and narcissism was positively associated with well-being. The pattern of associations between the dark triad and conceptions of happiness showed that Machiavellianism and psychopathy were associated with valuing personal happiness but also considering it to be out of one’s control, and to have negative consequences when achieved. People high on narcissism endorsed generally positive notions of happiness. Results showed that conceptions of happiness functioned as partial mediators in the relationships between the dark triad and well-being. Hence, it seems that the dark triad traits provide a context for the formation of certain beliefs surrounding the nature and value of well-being, which per se influence experienced levels of well-being.

scholarly journals Satisfying Customers Using Total Quality Management: The Mediating Role of Control Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulnaidi Yaacob ◽  
Ommei Kolsum S. Router
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Total Quality Management ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The premise of this paper is that Total Quality Management (TQM) must be adopted as a way of life for employees and not just as a slogan per se, so that the intended goal of implementing TQM can be fully realised. In order to internalise the philosophy of TQM into each organisational member, control systems play an important role. Control systems, among others, are implemented as systems for aligning the intended objectives of TQM and the individual objectives of each employee. The findings of this study supported the contingency theory that suggested the control systems being practised should be aligned with the strategy pursued to achieve the intended objectives. This paper extends the current existing knowledge by investigating the mediating role of control systems in explaining the relationship between TQM and customer satisfaction.  

scholarly journals The relationship between anxiety and mindfulness: The role of mindfulness facets, implicit anxiety, and the problem of measuring anxiety by self-report

Psihologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihael Cernetic
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
General Population ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Mindfulness Interventions ◽  
Mindfulness Facets ◽  
The Relationship

Although mindfulness interventions are increasingly used for coping with excessive anxiety, the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety is not yet clear. The study focused on this relationship. On a sample drawn from the general population, three mindfulness questionnaires were utilized. Anxiety was assessed by means of two self-report instruments as well as by two implicit anxiety measures. The latter were included because of the possibility that mindfulness might correlate with measurement error in measuring anxiety by self-report, which would cause biased results. A robust, moderate to high negative association was established between mindfulness and anxiety. Mindfulness facets related to acceptance contributed strongly to this relationship, while the role of awareness-related facets of mindfulness appeared to be less clear, seemingly contradictory and possibly two-fold. The study also suggested that level of mindfulness might indeed represent a confounding variable in self-report assessment of anxiety and probably of other constructs as well.

When the coefficient hits the clinic: Effect size and the size of the effect

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Maher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The usefulness of effect-size differs in utilitarian experiments from its use in theory corroborations. Chow introduces the question of the relationship of effect-size to practical validity and the role of the assessment of “importance” in this. This review develops this question and suggests the actuarial table as a replacement for effect-size in practical decision-making.

Breaking the chains of ignorance: manager-philosophers in recent management history

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Segal ◽  
Kyle Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Textual Exegesis ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Management History ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to disclose new pathways for research and for understanding the relationship between management, philosophy and history. Design/methodology/approach Textual exegesis of the key protagonists in terms of a critical explanation or interpretation of text. Findings In contrast to textbook forms of philosophy developed under conditions of abstraction from practice, it is in the context of practice that managers develop their way of thinking. More particularly, the authors have demonstrated through the exemplars of Semler and Welch, how as managers are disrupted in their workday practices of “living forward”, they are able to become reflexively attuned to the taken-for-granted common sense and ideas that have been implicit guides to them. As they are able to recognise their taken-for-granted background common sense, they are able to critique this, subject it to change and, thus, open-up new possibilities for living forward. Originality/value The focus of this paper has tended to be rather piecemeal and limited to the impact of particular philosophers on particular management thinkers. To date, there has been no philosophical contemplation of the practice of management per se nor, concomitantly, the pivotal but basically disregarded role of managers qua philosophers.

scholarly journals Design centrality, design investments and innovation performance: an empirical analysis of European firms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Montresor ◽  
Antonio Vezzani
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Per Se ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract This article provides new evidence on the relationship between design and innovation performance at the firm level. In particular, we integrate previous analyses of the link between design investments and innovation by considering the extent to which firms put design at the center of their business activities. Moreover, we distinguish between the effect of design on innovation and its effect on the success of innovation, as captured by firms’ innovative turnover. The use of the European Innobarometer survey, covering a unique set of questions on the topic, allows us to test a set of hypotheses about these relationships on a large sample of firms. The results show that a firm’s approach to design plays an important role in its propensity to innovate: the more central the role of design within a firm, the higher the likelihood it innovates. The same holds true when considering the share of turnover from innovation. However, sales associated with innovation do not increase linearly with design investments, as we find a positive effect only for firms investing intensively in design. Overall it emerges that the centrality of design is strongly associated with firms’ innovation performance, while design investment per se has a more nuanced role.

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