Body Dissatisfaction: The Ideal Body and a Summary of Theories of Development and Maintenance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
The Ideal

Body dissatisfaction can be defined as a negative subjective evaluation of one’s body as a whole, or relating to specific aspects of one’s body such as body size, shape, muscularity/muscle tone, and weight. Prior research has found that body dissatisfaction is associated with a number of negative psychological and physiological outcomes. This commentary describes the Western ideal male body, as well as providing a summary of theories of the cause and maintenance of male body dissatisfaction.

The Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Estimations of Current Body Size, Desired Body Size, and Body Dissatisfaction

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey D. Wade ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Polychoric Correlations ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ideal Body Size

AbstractThe objective was to investigate the genetic epidemiology of figural stimuli. Standard figural stimuli were available from 5,325 complete twin pairs: 1,751 (32.9%) were monozygotic females, 1,068 (20.1%) were dizygotic females, 752 (14.1%) were monozygotic males, 495 (9.3%) were dizygotic males, and 1,259 (23.6%) were dizygotic male-female pairs. Univariate twin analyses were used to examine the influences on the individual variation in current body size and ideal body size. These data were analysed separately for men and women in each of five age groups. A factorial analysis of variance, with polychoric correlations between twin pairs as the dependent variable, and age, sex, zygosity, and the three interaction terms (age x sex, age x zygosity, sex x zygosity) as independent variables, was used to examine trends across the whole data set. Results showed genetic influences had the largest impact on the individual variation in current body size measures, whereas non-shared environmental influences were associated with the majority of individual variation in ideal body size. There was a significant main effect of zygosity (heritability) in predicting polychoric correlations for current body size and body dissatisfaction. There was a significant main effect of gender and zygosity in predicting ideal body size, with a gender x zygosity interaction. In common with BMI, heritability is important in influencing the estimation of current body size. Selection of desired body size for both men and women is more strongly influenced by environmental factors.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of a Silhouette Rating Scale assessing current and ideal body size and body dissatisfaction in adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Lombardo ◽  
Silvia Cerolini ◽  
Rita Maria Esposito ◽  
Fabio Lucidi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Size Evaluation ◽  
Ideal Body Size

Abstract Purpose The study aims at validating a new pictorial tool, the Silhouette Rating Scale (SRS). It consists of a series of nine female or male silhouettes. It was created to assess current and ideal body size evaluation, and body dissatisfaction. Our aims were to test the concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, evaluating possible gender differences. Method A first sample of 754 young adults (age M = 26.10 ± 8.50, males N = 218) and a second sample of 210 young adults (age M = 21.19 ± 3.22, males = 43) completed the SRS, and other self-report measures assessing body size evaluation, disordered eating, body satisfaction, depression, emotion regulation and insomnia. Results Statistical analyses performed on the first sample largely support the concurrent validity of the scale. Results obtained from the second sample confirm its convergent validity, showing strong correlations with the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. In addition, the correlations performed between the three responses of the SRS and other measures of eating disorders, depression, insomnia and emotion regulation indicated a good discriminant validity, though some of the variables measured seem to be significantly correlated. Conclusions The SRS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing current body size, body ideal and body dissatisfaction as compared to other widely used scales. It guarantees the universality of use thanks to the absence of details related to ethnicity or culture and at the same time, maintaining a right level of realism. Future studies will evaluate test–retest validity and its potential within clinical populations. Leve of evidence V, descriptive cross sectional study

Validation of self-ideal body size discrepancy as a measure of body dissatisfaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Williamson ◽  
David H. Gleaves ◽  
Philip C. Watkins ◽  
David G. Schlundt
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Ideal Body Size

scholarly journals Testing the discrepancy between actual and ideal body image with the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Hernández-López ◽  
Lourdes Quiñones-Jiménez ◽  
Alberto L. Blanco-Romero ◽  
Miguel Rodríguez-Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Ideal Body Image ◽  
Ideal Body

Abstract Background The discrepancy between actual and ideal body image is considered an index of body dissatisfaction and a risk factor for eating disorders. While discrepancy has been traditionally tested with figural drawing rating scales, in recent times the use of implicit measures has been explored. Methods This study employs the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to examine actual-ideal body-size discrepancy in a sample of 130 Spanish college students, as well as its utility to predict symptoms of eating disorders and other body-image relevant measures. Participants completed the Contour Drawing Rating Scale (CDRS). The three smallest and the three largest contour drawings of the CDRS were used as target stimuli in two different IRAP tasks: one in combination with the sample phrases “I am” and “I am not” (that assessed implicit actual body image), another in combination with the phrases “I want to be” and “I don’t want to be” (that assessed implicit ideal body image). After completing both IRAP tasks, participants completed explicit measures of body-image psychological inflexibility, body dissatisfaction, and symptoms of eating disorders. Results Results showed a small implicit bias towards thinness. Participants were faster in affirming than denying that they are thin and that they desire to be thin. They were also faster in affirming than denying that they are fat and that they want to be fat, but to a smaller extent than with thinness. Specifically, the implicit desire to be (or not be) fat emerged as an independent predictor of eating disorder symptoms, psychological inflexibility, and body dissatisfaction that significantly increased the predictive power of CDRS scores. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for further research on specific body image implicit beliefs towards fatness, both in subclinical and clinical populations, in order to examine whether willingness to accept the idea that one can have a larger body size can be a suitable target for prevention and intervention in eating disorders.

Psychometric Properties of A Silhouette Rating Scale Assessing Current And Ideal Body Size And Body Dissatisfaction In Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Lombardo ◽  
Silvia Cerolini ◽  
Rita Maria Esposito ◽  
Fabio Lucidi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Size Evaluation ◽  
Ideal Body Size

Abstract Purpose: The study aims at validating a new pictorial tool, the Silhouette Rating Scale (SRS). It consists of a series of 9 female or male silhouettes. It was created to assess current and ideal body size evaluation, and body dissatisfaction. Our aims were to test the concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, evaluating possible gender differences.Method: A first sample of 754 young adults (age M=26.10±8.50, males N=218) and a second sample of 210 young adults (age M=21.19±3.22, males=43) completed the Silhouette Rating Scale, and other self-report measures assessing body size evaluation, disordered eating, body satisfaction, depression, emotion regulation and insomnia. Results: Statistical analyses performed on the first sample largely support the concurrent validity of the scale. Results obtained from the second sample confirm its convergent validity, showing strong correlations with the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Additionally, the correlations performed between the three responses of the Silhouette Rating Scale and other measures of eating disorders, depression, insomnia and emotion regulation indicated a good discriminant validity, though some of the variables measured seem to be significantly correlated. Conclusions: The Silhouette Rating Scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing current body size, body ideal and body dissatisfaction as compared as other widely used scales. It guarantees the universality of use thanks to the absence of details related to ethnicity or culture and at the same time, maintaining a right level of realism. Future studies will evaluate test-retest validity and its potential within clinical populations.Leve of Evidence: Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study

scholarly journals Body Dissatisfaction Measured with a Figure Preference Task and Self-Esteem in 8 Year Old Children—a Study within the ABIS-Project

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S932 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Koch ◽  
J. Ludvigsson ◽  
A. Sepa
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preference Task ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Figure Preference

Body dissatisfaction has been related to low self-esteem and depression in adolescents. With regard to the current world wide rise in childhood obesity and common stigmatization of adults and children with obesity, easy to use and cost effective measurements of body dissatisfaction would be helpful in epidemiological research. In the current study, detailed data on body measurements with regard to perceived and ideal body size and body dissatisfaction, as measured with the figure preference task, are presented for a population based sample of 3837 children. Perceived body size correlations to weight, body mass index [BMI], and waist circumference were between 0.41 and 0.54; and to height between 0.12 and 0.21. Odds ratios for lower self-esteem increased with increase in body dissatisfaction. Gender differences in body dissatisfaction were present but not found in relation to self-esteem. It is concluded that the figure preference task yields valuable information in epidemiological studies of children as young as 7.5 years of age. It is argued, that the figure preference task is an additional measurement which theoretically relates to psychological stress in childhood.

Ideal body position for epinephrine autoinjector administration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Luke Pittman ◽  
Andrew Healey ◽  
James Chang ◽  
T. Ted Song
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
First Line ◽  
Medical Treatment Facility ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Epinephrine Autoinjector ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Ideal

Background: Epinephrine is the first-line therapy for patients with anaphylaxis, and intramuscular (IM) delivery is shownto be superior to subcutaneous (SC) delivery. There currently is no consensus on the ideal body position for epinephrine autoinjector (EAI) administration.Objective: We designed this study to investigate whether SC tissue depth (SCTD) is affected by body position (e.g., standing, sitting, supine), which can potentially impact delivery of EAI into the IM space.Methods: Volunteer adults (ages >/= 18 years) from a military medical treatment facility in the United States were recruitedto participate in this study. SCTD of the vastus lateralis was measured via ultrasound at standing, sitting, and supine bodypositions. Subjects’ age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to compare averageSCTD between body positions, sex, and BMI.Results: An analysis of variance of 51 participants (33 men and 18 women) did not reveal statistically significant differencein SCTD among standing, sitting, and supine body positions. It did show a significantly greater SCTD in women than in men (2.72 +/- 1.36 cm versus 1.10 +/- 0.38 cm; p < 0.001). There was no significant association observed between BMI and SCTD in this study.Conclusion: Body position did not seem to significantly change the distance between skin and thigh muscle in adults. Thiswould suggest that there might not be an ideal body position for EAI administration. Therefore, in case of anaphylaxis, promptadministration of epinephrine is recommended at any position.

Penurunan Body Dissatisfaction Pada Perempuan Dalam Masa Emerging Adulthood Dengan Gratitude Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliffia Ananta
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Gratitude Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Ideal Body

This study aims to reduce body dissatisfaction in women in the period of emerging adulthood with gratitude intervention. Subjects of this study consisted of two people experiencing body dissatisfaction. This study used a quasi-experimental methods. Data making assessment conducted by interview, observation, body shape questionnaire, and gratitude questionnaire. Statistically the result showed that there is no gratitude intervention can not reduce body dissatisfaction (p= 0,180 > 0,05), but descriptive analysis showed that gratitude intervention gave positive result by reducing body dissatisfaction. The characteristic of body dissatisfaction are not confidence, never satisfied with their body, comparing their self to others who has more ideal body, sensitive, have a need for support and happy to get a compliment.Keywords : body dissatisfaction, gratitude intervention

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