scholarly journals PET Neuroimaging of Neurologic Disease: Methods, Clinical and Research Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan Walker ◽  
Murat Bilgel
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that can be used to visualize physiological activity or molecular processes in the whole body or specific organs. For several decades, PET imaging has been used to expand our understanding of neurobiology and neurologic disease. In addition to playing an increasing role in neuroscience research, PET imaging has become ubiquitous in the clinical setting. For example, PET neuroimaging is currently used to aid in differential diagnosis, monitor treatment effectiveness, and assist with surgical planning. While perhaps most well-known for its role in neurodegenerative disease, PET neuroimaging has also been used to care for and study patients with epilepsy, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and other neuropsychiatric conditions. PET neuroimaging is currently undergoing a period of rapid development, particularly as it pertains to the visualization and quantification of neurodegenerative processes and neurotransmitter systems. Given that neuropsychologists are positioned to integrate neuroimaging findings with information derived from a clinical interview and cognitive testing, a fundamental understanding of PET neuroimaging applications and methods will likely prove useful.

Whole-body positron emission tomography and tumor marker CA125 for detection of recurrence in epithelial ovarian cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Murakami ◽  
T. Miyamoto ◽  
T. Iida ◽  
H. Tsukada ◽  
M. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

We evaluated the clinical role of the combination of positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and tumor marker CA125, in the detection of recurrence after initial therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer. The indication is the cases that cannot be confirmed the recurrence by conventional imaging modalities. Ninety patients underwent PET and computed tomography, including the measurement of specific tumor markers. FDG-PET confirmed recurrence in 46 patients (51%), and the recurrent site was confirmed by PET alone in 17 (37%). PET had high sensitivity for detecting both intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal metastases (93.9 and 92.9%, respectively). PET imaging was able to detect normal-sized metastases in the lymph nodes in 14 (50%) of the 28 patients with retroperitoneal metastasis. PET could show 87.5% positive rate of recurrent patients with asymptomatic rise of CA125 who had no sign of recurrence by conventional imaging methods. Of the 46 recurrent patients, 41 (89%) had specific elevated titers of CA125 at the first treatment. PET imaging was able to detect recurrence at relatively low titers (a median 68 U/mL) of CA125. In 8 (19.5%) of these 41 patients, recurrence with normal CA125 levels could be confirmed only by PET. The sensitivity of the combination of PET and CA125 was 97.8% with only one false-negative case. The combination of FDG-PET and CA125 titer is useful for the accurate detection of recurrence.

scholarly journals 2-[3,5-Bis-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidon-1-yl]-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-acetamide and Its Evaluation as an Anticancer Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pallavi Lagisetty ◽  
Hrushikesh Agashe ◽  
Vibhudutta Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Proliferation Assays ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Synthesis of 2-[3,5-bis-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidon-1-yl]-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-acetamide, a derivative of 3,5-bis-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (EF24), as an antiproliferative and imageable compound is described. The radioactive derivative was synthesized in 40–45% radiochemical yield using N-[4-fluoro(18F)benzyl]-2-bromoacetamide (NFLOBA) as a radiolabeled synthon for coupling with EF24. Cell proliferation assays showed that 2-[3,5-bis-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidon-1-yl]-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-acetamide (NFLOBA-EF24) had antiproliferative efficacy similar to that of EF24 in lung adenocarcinoma H441 cells.18F-NFLOBA-EF24 was investigated in normal rats for whole-body PET imaging and biodistribution. At necropsy after 1 h of injection, about 12% of injected compound was still circulating in blood; liver, kidney, and muscle were other tissues with moderate amounts of accumulation. In order to assess the tumor-suppressive activity, nonradioactive NFLOBA-EF24 was administered in nude rats carrying xenograft H441 tumor. After 15 days of treatment, the tumor size decreased by approximately 83% compared to the tumors in control rats. The tumor regression was also confirmed by molecular imaging of glucose metabolism with18F- fluorodeoxyglucose. The results suggest that EF24 could be efficiently modified with18F-labeled synthon NFLOBA for convenient PET imaging without altering the antitumor efficacy of the original compound. This study provides visual kinetics of synthetic curcuminoid EF24 by positron emission tomography for the first time.

Voltage-gated potassium channel antibody limbic encephalitis: a case illustrating the neuropsychiatric and PET/CT features with clinical and imaging follow-up

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesl Celliers ◽  
Te-jui Hung ◽  
Zeyad Al-ogaili ◽  
Girolamo Moschilla ◽  
Wally Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Positron Emission

Objective: To illustrate the neuropsychiatric and imaging findings in a confirmed case of voltage-gated potassium channel antibody limbic encephalitis. Method: Case report and review of the literature. Results: A 64-year-old man presented with several months’ history of obsessive thoughts and compulsions associated with faciobrachial dystonic seizures. He had no significant past medical and psychiatric history. Physical examinations revealed only mildly increased tone in the left upper limb. Bedside cognitive testing was normal. Positron-emission tomography showed intense symmetrical uptake in the corpus striatum. No underlying malignancy was identified on whole body imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture and electroencephalogram were normal. Serum voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies were strongly positive. The patient had a favourable response to antiepileptic drugs, oral steroids and immunotherapy. Conclusions: Voltage-gated potassium channel limbic encephalitis characteristically presents with neuropsychiatric symptoms and temporal lobe seizures. Positron-emission tomography–computed tomography can be a useful adjunct to the clinical and biochemical work-up.

A phase I/IIa trial of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB2M in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 287-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Morris ◽  
Danny Francisco Martinez ◽  
Jeremy C. Durack ◽  
Susan F. Slovin ◽  
Daniel Costin Danila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Full Complement

287 Background: There is a pressing need for improved imaging biomarkers to identify disease distribution and response in both localized and advanced prostate cancer patients. PSMA-directed imaging is undergoing analytic and clinical validation for these contexts of use. IAB2M is an anti-PSMA recombinant minibody (Mb) derived from huJ591. We have previously reported on 28 pts imaged with IAB2M(Pandit-Taskar et al, SNM 2015). Here we report the lesion targeting and uptake (SUV) of the Mb and correlation with pathology of biopsied lesions on the full complement of the 38 pts examined in this trial. Methods: 38 pts with progressive metastatic PCa received escalating amounts of the Mb (16 pts at 10mg, 16 pts at 20mg, 6 pts at 50mg) in a phase I/IIa trial. All pts underwent standard imaging (SI) using CT, bone scintigraphy (BS), FDG PET, followed by imaging with 5 mCi of IAB2M. Whole body PET/CT scans were performed and evaluated for lesion targeting and SUVmax. Biopsy (bx) locations were selected by a consensus panel prioritized on the basis of: IAB2M & FDG positivity, IAB2M & FDG mismatch, and CT or BS positivity & any PET mismatch. Results: A total of 556 lesions (410 bone, 146 soft tissue) in 38 pts were detected by SI or IAB2M. In bone, IAB2M detected 344 lesions (83.9%), CT 209 (51%), BS 211 (51.5%), and FDG 109 (26.6%). For soft tissue, IAB2M detected 119 (81.5%), CT 83 (56.8%), and FDG 79 (54.1%). The SUV for bone lesions ranged from 2.1-60.4 for 10mg Mb, 1.7- 33 in 20mg Mb, and 2.3-17.5 in 50mg Mb. For soft tissue lesions, SUV range was 3.1-45.4, 2.1-20, and 1.9-13.8 respectively. 28 bxs (13 bone, 15 soft tissue) were obtained from 27 pts; 27 bxs were evaluable (1 was non-diagnostic). 20/27 (74.1%) bxs were pos for PCa; 20/24 (83.3%) IAB2M pos lesions were path pos and 3/3 (100%) IAB2M neg lesions were neg on path. All imaging and path correlated (true pos + true neg) in 23/27 (85.2%) bxs. Conclusions: PET imaging with IAB2M has demonstrated higher lesion detection when compared with SI. IAB2M’s high concordance with path suggests pos findings represent bx confirmed PCa. Further studies to examine biochemically recurrent prostate cancer are planned. Clinical trial information: NCT01923727.

scholarly journals Development of [18F]FPy-WL12 as a PD-L1 Specific PET Imaging Peptide

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153601211985218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech G. Lesniak ◽  
Ronnie C. Mease ◽  
Samit Chatterjee ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar ◽  
Ala Lisok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Specific Uptake ◽  
Ex Vivo Biodistribution

Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) within tumors is an important biomarker for guiding immune checkpoint therapies; however, immunohistochemistry-based methods of detection fail to provide a comprehensive picture of PD-L1 levels in an entire patient. To facilitate quantification of PD-L1 in the whole body, we developed a peptide-based, high-affinity PD-L1 imaging agent labeled with [18F]fluoride for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The parent peptide, WL12, and the nonradioactive analog of the radiotracer, 19FPy-WL12, inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 interaction at low nanomolar concentrations (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50], 26-32 nM). The radiotracer, [18F]FPy-WL12, was prepared by conjugating 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl 6-[18F]fluoronicotinate ([18F]FPy-TFP) to WL12 and assessed for specificity in vitro in 6 cancer cell lines with varying PD-L1 expression. The uptake of the radiotracer reflected the PD-L1 expression assessed by flow cytometry. Next, we performed the in vivo evaluation of [18F]FPy-WL12 in mice bearing cancer xenografts by PET imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and blocking studies. In vivo data demonstrated a PD-L1-specific uptake of [18F]FPy-WL12 in tumors that is reduced in mice receiving a blocking dose. The majority of [18F]FPy-WL12 radioactivity was localized in the tumors, liver, and kidneys indicating the need for optimization of the labeling strategy to improve the in vivo pharmacokinetics of the radiotracer.

scholarly journals Approaches to PET Imaging of Glioblastoma

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey R. Drake ◽  
Ansel T. Hillmer ◽  
Zhengxin Cai
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Imaging Agents ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Sigma 1 ◽  
Invasive Method

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest type of brain tumor, affecting approximately three in 100,000 adults annually. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides an important non-invasive method of measuring biochemically specific targets at GBM lesions. These powerful data can characterize tumors, predict treatment effectiveness, and monitor treatment. This review will discuss the PET imaging agents that have already been evaluated in GBM patients so far, and new imaging targets with promise for future use. Previously used PET imaging agents include the tracers for markers of proliferation ([11C]methionine; [18F]fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine, [18F]Fluorodopa, [18F]fluoro-thymidine, and [18F]clofarabine), hypoxia sensing ([18F]FMISO, [18F]FET-NIM, [18F]EF5, [18F]HX4, and [64Cu]ATSM), and ligands for inflammation. As cancer therapeutics evolve toward personalized medicine and therapies centered on tumor biomarkers, the development of complimentary selective PET agents can dramatically enhance these efforts. Newer biomarkers for GBM PET imaging are discussed, with some already in use for PET imaging other cancers and neurological disorders. These targets include Sigma 1, Sigma 2, programmed death ligand 1, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. For GBM, these imaging agents come with additional considerations such as blood–brain barrier penetration, quantitative modeling approaches, and nonspecific binding.

scholarly journals PET imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer: where does it fit and how do we use it?

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan C. Hall ◽  
Richard T. Kloos
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Positron Emission

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a rapidly evolving imaging modality that has gained widespread acceptance in oncology, with several radionuclides applicable to thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer patients have been studied most commonly using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, with perhaps the greatest utility being the potential localization of tumor in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients who are radioiodine whole body scan (WBS) negative and thyroglobulin (Tg) positive. Also of value is the identification of patients unlikely to benefit from additional 131I therapy and identification of patients at highest risk of disease-specific mortality, which may prompt more aggressive therapy or enrollment in clinical trials. Emerging data suggest that PET/CT fusion studies provide increased accuracy and modify the treatment plan in a significant number of DTC cases when compared to PET images alone. However, studies documenting improvements in survival and tumor recurrence attributable to FDG-PET imaging in thyroid cancer patients are lacking. Specific case examples of thyroid cancer patients who appear to have benefited from FDG-PET imaging do exist, while less data are available in the setting of anaplastic or medullary thyroid carcinoma. This article reviews the utility and limitations of FDG-PET in DTC management, and offers practical recommendations.

scholarly journals Lesion Detectability and Clinical Effectiveness of Dual-head Coincidence Gamma Camera Imaging in Comparison with Dedicated PET Systems in Tumour Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Narin ◽  
M Urhan ◽  
N Canpolat ◽  
E Vardereli ◽  
H Bayhan
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Gamma Camera Imaging ◽  
Camera Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission

The lesion detection capability and clinical effectiveness of dual-head coincidence gamma camera imaging (c-PET) were compared with those of dedicated positron emission tomography (d-PET) in 37 cancer patients who underwent whole-body c-PET and d-PET imaging after administration of 370 − 540 MBq 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Eighty-nine lesions were detected on c-PET whereas 133 lesions were seen with d-PET imaging. The relative sensitivity of c-PET compared with d-PET was 62% and 73% for lesions < 15 and ≤ 15 mm, respectively, and the relative concordance rate was 84% when the patients were restaged. Since the lesion detection rate of c-PET imaging was lower than that of d-PET, the detection of small lesions, therefore, requires care. The clinical effectiveness of c-PET, however, was similar to that of d-PET and, therefore, it is concluded that c-PET can be used as an alternative to d-PET, particularly considering the high cost and limited availability of d-PET cameras.

PET/CT

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S51-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Beyer ◽  
G. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Radiation Burden ◽  
Pet Ct

Summary:Clinical studies demonstrate a gain in diagnostic accuracy by employing combined PET/CT instead of separate CT and PET imaging. However, whole-body PET/CT examinations result in a comparatively high radiation burden to patients and thus require a proper justification and optimization to avoid repeated exposure or over-exposure of patients. This review article summarizes relevant data concerning radiation exposure of patients resulting from the different components of a combined PET/CT examination and presents different imaging strategies that can help to balance the diagnostic needs and the radiation protection requirements. In addition various dose reduction measures are discussed, some of which can be adopted from CT practice, while others mandate modifications to the existing hardand software of PET/CT systems.

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